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Spring详细教程 Spring学习总结----

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我是靠谱客的博主 沉静蜜蜂，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Spring详细教程 Spring学习总结----，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

Spring学习总结----

一、导入Spring必须的jar包

二、简单示例入门注入一个User

1.编写User实体类

复制代码 
package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
}
复制代码

2.编写Spring配置文件，类型为xml，文件名可以自定义

复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" 
        >
    
      <bean id="User" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">
        <property name="id" value="1"></property>
        <property name="name" value="jayjay"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
复制代码

3.利用Spring容器创建托管对象User

        ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User u = (User)context.getBean("User");
        System.out.println(u);

三、Bean的配置深入

1.bean引用其他bean

实体类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.helloworld;

public class HelloWorld {
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", user=" + user + "]";
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    private String name;
    private User user;
    
    public HelloWorld(){
        
    }
    
    public HelloWorld(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}
复制代码

配置示例：

复制代码 
    <!-- reference other bean -->
    <bean id="HelloWorld" class="test.Spring.helloworld.HelloWorld">
        <!-- <property name="name" value="spring1"></property> -->
        <constructor-arg value="spring2" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
        <property name="user">
            <ref bean="User"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
复制代码

调用方法依然是根据bean中的id

2.集合bean配置

实体类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {
    public Map<String, Integer> getMap() {
        return map;
    }
    public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
    public List<String> getList() {
        return list;
    }
    public void setList(List<String> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", list=" + list
                + ", map=" + map + "]";
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<String> list;
    private Map<String,Integer> map;
    
}
复制代码

配置示例：

复制代码 
    <!-- Configure the list bean -->
    <bean id="testList" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">
        <property name="list">
            <list>
                <value>list1</value>
                <value>list2</value>
                <value>list3</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- configure the map -->
    <bean id="testMap" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <entry key="first" value="1"></entry>
                <entry key="second" value="2"></entry>
                <entry key="third" value="3"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>
复制代码

3.Properties类型的bean

实体类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.Properties;

public class DataSource {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Properties [properties=" + properties + "]";
    }

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    private Properties properties;
    
}
复制代码

配置示例：

复制代码 
    <!-- configure the properties -->
    <bean id="dataSource1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.DataSource">
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <prop key="user">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
                <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
                <prop key="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
复制代码

4.使用Util定义引用其他bean的公共集合

需要先在xml导入命名空间

复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    
        >    
</beans>
复制代码

集合以及调用的xml配置

复制代码 
    <!-- if properties of collection are beans -->
    <util:list id="users">
        <ref bean="User"/>
        <ref bean="User"/>
        <ref bean="User"/>
    </util:list>
    
    <bean id="Users" class="test.Spring.helloworld.Users">
        <property name="list">
            <ref bean="users"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
复制代码

5.使用p简化bean的属性赋值

首先，导入p的命名空间

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

实体类实例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
}
复制代码

配置示例：

    <!-- use p to write the bean quickly and conveniently -->
    <bean id="User1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User" p:id="2" p:name="jayjay2" />

6.abstract模板bean

设置abstract=true表明此bean是模板bean，为其他bean提供属性值模板

    <!-- template bean -->
    <bean abstract="true"  id="template" p:id="50" p:name="fromTemplate"></bean>
    <bean id="User2" parent="template" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

7.单例bean和原型bean

    <!-- use scope to build singleton/prototype bean -->
    <bean id="User3" parent="template" scope="singleton" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>
    <bean id="User4" parent="template" scope="prototype" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

singleton:此bean为单例，在context创建时已经创建，并且只有一个实例。

prototype:单例需要时创建实例。

8.静态工厂方法配置bean

静态工厂类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class StaticFactoryMethod {
    public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();
    
    static {
        map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));
        map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));
    }
    
    public static Person getPerson(String key){
        return map.get(key);
    }
}
复制代码

配置示例：

    <!-- static factory method -->    
    <bean id="person" factory-method="getPerson" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.StaticFactoryMethod">
        <constructor-arg value="first" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

9.实例工厂方法配置bean

工厂类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class InstanceFactoryMethod {
    public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();
    
    static {
        map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));
        map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));
    }
    
    public Person getPerson(String key){
        return map.get(key);
    }
}
复制代码

配置示例：

    <!-- instance factory method -->
    <bean id="InstanceFactoryMethod" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.InstanceFactoryMethod"></bean>
    <bean id="person1" factory-bean="InstanceFactoryMethod" factory-method="getPerson">
        <constructor-arg value="second"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

10.通过实现FactoryBean完成bean的配置

需要对FactoryBean接口的3个方法进行适当重写

PersonFactoryBean类示例：

复制代码 
package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

public class PersonFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person>{
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    private int id;
    private String name;
    
    @Override
    public Person getObject() throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return new Person(id,name);
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return Person.class;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSingleton() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return false;
    }


}
复制代码

配置示例：

    <!-- use factory bean to get a instance -->
    <bean id="person2" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.PersonFactoryBean">
        <property name="id" value="3"></property>
        <property name="name" value="FactoryBean"></property>
    </bean>

四、通过注解配置bean

加上注解的类会被Spring容器管理

@Component

　　　　标注于通用实体类

@Controller

　　　　标注于Controller/Action

@Service

　　　　标注于Service

@Respository

　　　　标注于RespositoryImpl/DaoImlp

@Autowired

　　　　依据类型自动装配

@Qualifier

　　　　指定自动装载的bean的name

1.在Spring配置文件中导入context命名空间，并加入

<context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>

表示Spring将扫描test.Spring.Annotation及其子包中所有java文件，并将带有注解的类加入Spring容器进行管理。

例如：

复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
复制代码

2.模拟三层，并用Spring注解方式注入

项目结构：

Person实体类

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Annotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Person {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    private int id;    
    private String name;
}
复制代码

PersonController

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Annotation.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class PersonController {
    public void excute(){
        System.out.println("PersonController.excute()...");
    }
}
复制代码

PersonService

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Annotation.Service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PersonService {
    public void add(){
        System.out.println("PersonService.add()...");
    }
}
复制代码

PersonRepository接口

package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;

public interface PersonRepository {
    void add();
}

PersonRepositoryImpl接口实现类

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class PersonRepositoryImpl implements PersonRepository {

    @Override
    public void add() {
        System.out.println("PersonRepositoryImpl.add()...");    
    }

}
复制代码

Main类中测试

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Annotation;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Controller.PersonController;
import test.Spring.Annotation.Repository.PersonRepository;
import test.Spring.Annotation.Service.PersonService;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextForAnnotation.xml");
        
        //inject the common bean
        System.out.println(context.getBean("testAutowired"));
        
        //inject the repository
        PersonRepository pr = (PersonRepository)context.getBean("personRepositoryImpl");
        pr.add();
        
        //inject the controller
        PersonController pc = (PersonController)context.getBean("personController");
        pc.excute();
        
        //inject the service
        PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");
        ps.add();
        
        
    }
}
复制代码

3.泛型三层的注入

Spring配置文件

复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        " 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
        >
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Generic.di"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
复制代码

BaseRespository

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Generic.di;

public class BaseRepository<T> {
    
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("repository.save()...");
    }
}
复制代码

PersonRepository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

public interface PersonRespository {
    void save();
}

PersonRepositoryImpl

继承BaseRepository就不需要再写一次save方法，且同时实现了PersonRepository接口

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;

@Repository
public class PersonRespositoryImpl extends BaseRepository<Person> implements PersonRespository {

}
复制代码

BaseService对Dao进行自动装配，子类继承后装配的是子类Respository

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class BaseService<T> {
    
    @Autowired
    protected BaseRepository<T> baseRespository;
    
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("service.save()...");
        System.out.println(baseRespository);
    }
}
复制代码

PersonService继承了BaseService，就不需要再写实现save方法，定义Repository字段了

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;

@Service
public class PersonService extends BaseService<Person>{
    
}
复制代码

Main类中调用

复制代码 
package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextForGeneric.xml");
        PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");
        ps.save();
    }
}
复制代码

输出为

第二句说明调用的是继承BaseService的PersonService拿到的Respository是PersonRepositoryImpl，说明泛型注入成功。　　　　

 

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