MSTP (多生成树) 每个VLAN或者几个VLAN拥有一颗生成树，基于实例的生成树。instance 1、instance 2 每个实例拥有一颗生成树。MSTP可以实现多VLAN 的负载分担，可以实现多厂商对接。
VRRP虚拟路由冗余协议(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)是由IETF提出的解决局域网中配置静态网关出现单点失效现象的路由协议。
注意：当MSTP 和VRRP共同存在时，我们必须要做MSTP的区域设置以及实例优先级，网络中二层MSTP的Vlan主根和三层VRRP的master网关要放在同一台设备上。在下面的图中，我们把Vlan10的instance 1的根桥设置为LSW1，Vlan10的网关设备也设置为LSW1。Vlan20的instance 2的根桥设置为LSW2，Vlan20的网关设备也为LSW2。
如图，PC1、PC2是企业内网的主机，分别属于VLAN10和VLAN20，LSW1和LSW2之间的g0/0/2口和g0/0/3口之间形成链路聚合。AR1是企业边界路由器，用于和外网通信。AR1、LSW1和LSW2之间运行ospf协议。LSW1、LSW2和LSW3之间运行MSTP协议。要让PC1、PC2出去和回来的流量方向一致，且形成第一跳网关冗余，且负载均衡。如下是配置
PC1
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7PC>ipconfig IPv4 address......................: 192.168.10.10 Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0 Gateway...........................: 192.168.10.254 Physical address..................: 54-89-98-55-50-74 VLAN..............................: 10
PC2
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7PC>ipconfig IPv4 address......................: 192.168.20.10 Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0 Gateway...........................: 192.168.20.254 Physical address..................: 54-89-98-85-59-50 Vlan..............................: 20
LSW1
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65[LSW1]display current-configuration # vlan batch 10 20 100 # stp instance 1 priority 4096 stp instance 2 priority 8192 # stp region-configuration region-name MSTP instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration # interface Vlanif10 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 vrrp vrid 10 priority 150 vrrp vrid 10 preempt-mode timer delay 10 vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 reduced 60 vrrp vrid 10 authentication-mode md5 GX2lR,}C+Ky~t+Byca8YR#(# # interface Vlanif20 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 vrrp vrid 20 authentication-mode md5 L>YK#S.jKJu:|l#3M^#3"$f# # interface Vlanif100 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 eth-trunk 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 eth-trunk 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 port link-type access port default vlan 100 # ospf 100 router-id 192.168.30.1 import-route direct route-policy POLICY area 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.30.1 0.0.0.0 # route-policy POLICY permit node 10 if-match ip-prefix F apply cost 10 # route-policy POLICY permit node 20 if-match ip-prefix F2 apply cost 20 # ip ip-prefix F index 10 permit 192.168.10.0 24 ip ip-prefix F2 index 10 permit 192.168.20.0 24 #
LSW2
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65[LSW2]display current-configuration # vlan batch 10 20 100 # stp instance 1 priority 8192 stp instance 2 priority 4096 # stp region-configuration region-name MSTP instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration # interface Vlanif10 ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 vrrp vrid 10 authentication-mode md5 CN7EFU,9+,'eKRQqbl+O/%;# # interface Vlanif20 ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 vrrp vrid 20 priority 150 vrrp vrid 20 preempt-mode timer delay 60 vrrp vrid 20 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 reduced 60 vrrp vrid 20 authentication-mode md5 :||$@<`|wYu:|l#3M^#36%L# # interface Vlanif100 ip address 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 eth-trunk 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 eth-trunk 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 port link-type access port default vlan 100 # ospf 100 router-id 192.168.40.2 import-route direct route-policy POLICY area 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.40.2 0.0.0.0 # route-policy POLICY permit node 10 if-match ip-prefix F apply cost 20 # route-policy POLICY permit node 20 if-match ip-prefix F2 apply cost 10 # ip ip-prefix F index 10 permit 192.168.10.0 24 ip ip-prefix F2 index 10 permit 192.168.20.0 24 #
LSW3
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29[LSW3]display current-configuration # vlan batch 10 20 # stp region-configuration region-name MSTP instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 10 stp edged-port enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 20 stp edged-port enable #
AR1
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15[AR1]display current-configuration # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 100 router-id 111.1.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.30.2 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.40.1 0.0.0.0 #
附上ensp源文件：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1WhN79Z7b8XviOmmFAi5WyQ 密码: 8qkg
基于路由器的VRRP---------->基于路由器的VRRP技术---VRRP的应用
基于防火墙的VRRP --------->基于防火墙的VRRP技术--华为防火墙双机热备--VGMP
最后
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