introduction 单词

competing 竞争的
novel competing methods 新竞争方法
intrinsically 本质上
excels 精雕细琢
approximation 大致说法

 An image is a two-dimensional function f(x,y),图像是一个二维函数，

where x and y are the spatial (plane) coordinates，其中x,y是空间（平面）坐标

and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity of the image at that level

在任意一对坐标(x，y)处f的振幅称为图像在该水平的强度。

coordinates (x,y)坐标（x,y)

amplitude振幅

If x,y and the amplitude values of f are finite and discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image. A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements called pixels, each of which has a particular location and value如果x、y和f的振幅值是有限的离散量，我们称之为数字图像。数字图像由称为像素的有限数量的元素组成，每个元素都有特定的位置和值

a matrix with rows and columns具有行和列的矩阵

Pixel intensity value像素亮度值

 

In 8-bit representation在8位表示中

Pixel intensity values change between 0 (Black) and 255 (White)像素亮度值在0-255之间变化

 

 Remember digitization implies that a digital image is an approximation of a real scene记住数字化意味着数字图像是真实场景的模拟

One pixel一个像素

The principal source for the images is the electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum.图像的主要来源是电磁能谱。

Gamma rays伽马射线

Gamma-Ray Imaging 伽马射线成像

nuclear medicine核医学

nuclear ：of or relating to the nucleus of a cell.细胞核的或与细胞核有关的。

A starburst galaxy 一个星暴星系

Gamma-Ray imaging of A starburst galaxy about 12 million light-years away 伽马射线成像

一个距离我们大约1200万光年的星暴星系

Digital Images based on the EM Spectrum基于EM谱的数字图像

 

An example showing Imaging in all of the bands显示所有波段中成像的示例

The continuum from image processing to computer vision can be broken up into low-, mid- and high-level processes从图像处理到计算机视觉的连续体可以分解为低级，中级和高级过程

 Input: Image

Output: Image

 Examples: Noise removal, image sharpening

输入：图像
输出：图像

示例：噪声消除，图像锐化

Input: Image

Output: Attributes

Examples: Object recognition, segmentation

输入：图像
输出：属性

示例：对象识别，分割

Input: Attributes

Output: Understanding

 Examples: Scene understanding, autonomous navigation

输入：属性
输出：理解

示例：场景理解，自主导航

clarification.

The images are generated by the combination of an illumination source and the reflection or absorption of energy from that source by the elements of the scene being imaged通过照明源的组合以及通过被成像的场景的元素从该源反射或吸收能量来生成图像。

 

Imaging sensors are used to transform the illumination energy into digital images. 成像传感器用于将照明能量转换成数字图像。

Line Sensor
Array Sensor

线传感器
阵列传感器

§Next time we will start to see the key
stages in digital image processing and
talk about interpolation

下次我们将开始看到数字图像处理的关键阶段并谈论插值

 

 Sampling and quantization采集和量化

 an image function f(x,y) must be digitized both spatially and in amplitude. 图像函数必须在空间上和幅度上数字化