概述
本章，使用三个函数方法来学习如何制作一个高分辨率的定时器，用于确保场景中的每个运动物体的速度值基于时间进行更新。这意味着无论我们的帧率是多少，一个物体在场景中移动每秒会走过同样的距离，物体所移动的距离或者它所旋转的多少都是基于时间的，而不是fps。
这儿会学会如何使用方法QueryPerformanceCounter()和QueryPerformanceTimer()来实现高分辨率的游戏定时器，用于发现帧率，并使用上一章节的函数来讲它们显示在屏幕上。我们还会使用该定时器来找到它每帧花费的时间，并基于花费的每帧时间来更新立方体的旋转。这将会让立方体以同一个速度流畅地保持旋转，无论帧率是多少都是如此。
全局声明：
以下是用于保持一些全局信息的变量，比如帧率fps以及计数器起点。
double countsPerSecond = 0.0;
__int64 CounterStart = 0;
int frameCount = 0;
int fps = 0;
__int64 frameTimeOld = 0;
double frameTime;新添加的函数
四个函数原型。第一个是UpdateScene()函数的更新版本。会传入渲染帧所花费的时间（秒），所以我们能够基于时间而不仅仅是fps来更新场景了。下一个是rendertext()函数。我们已经包含了一个新的参数以便可以传入fps值。随后三个就是和功能定时器相关的了。第一个启动定时器，第二个从第一个启动定时器开始起到被调用该函数时为止的秒数时间。随后，我们能够每帧都对frameCount变量加1，并没秒将那个值传入到fps变量。
void UpdateScene(double time);
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt);
void StartTimer();
double GetTime();
double GetFrameTime();定时器函数
为了获取时间，将使用两个win32函数，QueryPerformanceFrequency()和QueryPerformanceCounter()。QueryPerformanceFrequency()返回64位整型值，表示频率，或每秒的数量。随后使用方法QueryPerformanceCounter()来获取当前时间的数量，也是存储在一个64位的整型变量中的。所以StartTimer()函数在变量countsPerSecond存储频率（每秒的数量）值，并在变量CounterStart中存储当前时间值。GetTime()函数使用QueryPerformanceCounter()获取当前时间值并存储在64位的整型变量currentTime中。随后从currentTime中减去CounterStart值，这就能得到从最后一次调用StartTimer()时起的时间，随后用变量countsPerSecond除以那个值。
GetFrameTime()函数做了其他两个函数做的事情，除了不是查找自调用函数startTimer()以来，而是查找自调用函数GetFrameTime()函数以来的时间之外，会每帧调用一次。
void StartTimer()
{
LARGE_INTEGER frequencyCount;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequencyCount);
countsPerSecond = double(frequencyCount.QuadPart);
QueryPerformanceCounter(&frequencyCount);
CounterStart = frequencyCount.QuadPart;
}
double GetTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
return double(currentTime.QuadPart-CounterStart)/countsPerSecond;
}
double GetFrameTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
__int64 tickCount;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
tickCount = currentTime.QuadPart-frameTimeOld;
frameTimeOld = currentTime.QuadPart;
if(tickCount < 0.0f)
tickCount = 0.0f;
return float(tickCount)/countsPerSecond;
}UpdateScene()函数新参数
time是函数UpdateScene()使用的新变量。我们会传入GetFrameTime()返回的值，随后使用时间变量来更新场景。
void UpdateScene(double time)更新立方体旋转
在更新旋转前，每帧是以一个恒量更新的。若fps只有30，则立方体会旋转的慢，因为在每秒中0.0005f只能够添加到变量中30次，但是当fps为300时，0.0005f每秒钟可添加300次，使得立方体旋转非常快。
现在，不是以一个静态的0.0005f来更新旋转变量，而是以1.0f倍的time来旋转帧。这意味着，若fps为30，则rot会每帧1.0f*0.0333f秒来更新。若fps为300，则rot变量会以1.0f*0.0033来更新。
rot += 1.0f * time;RenderText()新参数
这是带有附加参数的新的渲染文本函数，传入fps整型。
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt)添加新的参数到printString
添加新参数到字符串流变量，以便可放入“FPS:”字符串，因此输出可能看起来像“FPS:50”
printString << text <<inInt;调用函数RenderText()，传入FPS值
传入fps变量，每秒会更新
RenderText(L"FPS: ", fps);移动到messageLoop函数，这儿实现定时器函数。首先，自增frameCount，随后调用GetTime()函数来查看自从调用StartTimer()函数起是否超过一秒。若为一秒或超过一秒，则设置fps值到framecount，设置framecount返回到0，并调用函数StartTimer()复位启动定时器。
随后设置frameTIme值到GetFrameTime()返回值，得到从上一次调用该函数以来的秒数。随后可使用该值来确保场景无论帧率是多少都会以通用的速率移动。
若想要实现暂停功能，则要计算游戏暂停的时长，随后减去由函数GetTimer()返回的值。然而游戏暂停，会想要跳过更新场景函数并直接绘制场景函数，
随后，调用函数UpdateScene()并传入frameTime参数。
frameCount++;
if(GetTime() > 1.0f)
{
fps = frameCount;
frameCount = 0;
StartTimer();
}
frameTime = GetFrameTime();
UpdateScene(frameTime);
代码实例：
#include "stdafx.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D10_1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "DXGI.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D2D1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dwrite.lib")
#include <windows.h>
#include "Resource.h"
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include <xnamath.h>
#include <D3D10_1.h>
#include <DXGI.h>
#include <D2D1.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <dwrite.h>
//全局描述符
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
//索引缓冲
ID3D11Buffer* squareIndexBuffer;
//深度值-20170927
ID3D11DepthStencilView* depthStencilView;
ID3D11Texture2D* depthStencilBuffer;
//着色器
ID3D11Buffer* squareVertBuffer;
ID3D11VertexShader* VS;
ID3D11PixelShader* PS;
ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer;
ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer;
ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout;
///
ID3D11Buffer* cbPerObjectBuffer;
///
// 设置线框
//ID3D11RasterizerState* WireFrame;
//无裁剪
//ID3D11RasterizerState* noCull;
#if 1
//混合设置
ID3D11BlendState* Transparency;
ID3D11RasterizerState* CCWcullMode;
ID3D11RasterizerState* CWcullMode;
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* CubesTexture;
ID3D11SamplerState* CubesTexSamplerState;
//float red = 0.0f;
//float green = 0.0f;
//float blue = 0.0f;
//int colormodr = 1;
//int colormodg = 1;
//int colormodb = 1;
#endif
ID3D10Device1 *d3d101Device;
IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex11;
IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex10;
ID2D1RenderTarget *D2DRenderTarget;
ID2D1SolidColorBrush *Brush;
ID3D11Texture2D *BackBuffer11;
ID3D11Texture2D *sharedTex11;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dVertBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dIndexBuffer;
ID3D11ShaderResourceView *d2dTexture;
IDWriteFactory *DWriteFactory;
IDWriteTextFormat *TextFormat;
std::wstring printText;
/
LPCTSTR WndClassName = "firstwindow";
HWND hwnd = NULL;
HRESULT hr;
const int Width = 800; //设置宽
const int Height = 800; // 设置高
///四个空间以及相机属性
XMMATRIX WVP;
//立方体
XMMATRIX cube1World;
XMMATRIX cube2World;
//
//XMMATRIX World;
XMMATRIX camView;
XMMATRIX camProjection;
XMMATRIX d2dWorld;
XMVECTOR camPosition;
XMVECTOR camTarget;
XMVECTOR camUp;
//相机
XMMATRIX Rotation;
XMMATRIX Scale;
XMMATRIX Translation;
float rot = 0.01f;
///**************new**************
double countsPerSecond = 0.0;
__int64 CounterStart = 0;
int frameCount = 0;
int fps = 0;
__int64 frameTimeOld = 0;
double frameTime;
///**************new**************
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
//void ReleaseObjects();
void CleanUp();
bool InitScene();
void DrawScene();
bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter);
void InitD2DScreenTexture();
///**************new**************
void UpdateScene(double time);
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt);
void StartTimer();
double GetTime();
double GetFrameTime();
///**************new**************
// 初始化窗口
bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
int ShowWnd,
int width, int height,
bool windowed);
//初始化消息循环函数
int messageloop();
//初始化窗口回调过程。Windows API是事件驱动型的编程模型。在该函数中捕获Windows消息，比如一个按键按下（也叫事件）以及程序操作流程。
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
//创建效果常量缓冲的结构体
struct cbPerObject
{
XMMATRIX WVP;
};
cbPerObject cbPerObj;
//顶点结构体以及顶点布局（输入布局）
struct Vertex
{
Vertex(){}
Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
float u, float v)
:pos(x, y, z), texCoord(u, v){}
XMFLOAT3 pos;
XMFLOAT2 texCoord;
};
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = {
{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);
//主函数，传入应用程序句柄hInstance,前一个应用程序句柄hPrevInstance，传给函数处理的命令行lpCmdLine以及窗口显示方式的nShowCmd
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
//创建并注册窗口
if (!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true))
{
MessageBox(0, "Window Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
/new
if (!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) // 初始化D3D
{
MessageBox(0, "Direct3D Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
if (!InitScene())
{
MessageBox(0, "Scene Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
messageloop();
CleanUp();
//ReleaseObjects();
return 0;
}
// windowed 若为true则为窗口模式显示，若为false则为全屏模式显示
bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
int ShowWnd,
int width, int height,
bool windowed)
{
typedef struct _WNDCLASS{
UINT cbSize;
UINT style;
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
int cbClsExtra;
int cbWndExtra;
HANDLE hInstance;
HICON hIcon;
HCURSOR hCursor;
HBRUSH hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
}WNDCLASS;
WNDCLASSEX wc;
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); //window类的大小
/********windows类风格
*CS_CLASSDC 一个使用该类创建的在所有窗口间共享的设备上下文
*CS_DBLCLKS 在窗口上使能双击功能
*CS_HREDRAW 若窗口的宽度有改变或者窗口水平地移动，窗口将会刷新
*CS_NOCLOSE 窗口菜单上禁止关闭选项
*CS_OWNDC 为每个窗口创建自己的设备上下文。正好与CS_CLASSDC相反
*CS_PARENTDC 这会设置创建的子窗口的剪裁四边形到父窗口，这允许子窗口能够在父窗口上绘画
*CS_VERDRAW 若在窗口的高度或窗口在垂直方向有移动窗口会重绘
**/
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
//lpfnWndProc是一个指向处理窗口消息函数的指针，设置窗口处理函数的函数名WndProc
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
//cbClsExtra是WNDCLASSEX之后额外申请的字节数
wc.cbClsExtra = NULL;
//cbWndExtra指定窗口实例之后所申请的字节数
wc.cbWndExtra = NULL;
//当前窗口应用程序的句柄，通过给函数GetModuleHandle()函数第一个参数传入NULL可获取当前窗口应用程序。
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
//hIcon用来指定窗口标题栏左上角的图标。以下是一些标准图标：
/*
*IDI_APPLICATION 默认应用程序图标
*IDI_HAND 手形状的图标
*IDI_EXCLAMATION 感叹号图标
*IDI_INFORMATION 星号图标
*IDI_QUESTION 问号图标
*IDI_WINLOGO 若使用的是XP则是默认应用程序图标，否则是窗口logo
*/
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
/*定义光标图标
*IDC_APPSTARTING 标准箭头以及小型沙漏光标
*IDC_ARROW 标准箭头光标
*IDC_CROSS 十字线光标
*IDC_HAND 手型光标
*IDC_NO 斜线圈光标
*IDC_WAIT 沙漏光标
*/
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
//hbrBackground是一个刷子的句柄，可使得背景黑色。
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2);
//附加到窗口的菜单名字，不需要的话设置为NULL
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
//对类进行命名
wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName;
//指定任务栏的图标，使用上面的IDI＿图标
wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
//注册类。若失败则会获得一个错误，若成功，则继续创建窗口
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Error registering class", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 1;
}
//创建窗口
hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
NULL,
WndClassName,
"Rotating Cube",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
width,
height,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
if (!hwnd)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Error registering class", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 1;
}
//BOOL ShowWindow(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow);
//BOOL UpdateWindow(HWND hWnd);
ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);// 发送WM_PAINT消息到窗口过程，若窗口客户区没有任何东西要显示，则不发送消息。返回true，继续运行到mainloop中去。
return true;
}
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
//声明缓冲
DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
bufferDesc.Width = Width;
bufferDesc.Height = Height;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//声明交换链
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
//创建DXGI factory来枚举显卡
IDXGIFactory1 *DXGIFactory;
HRESULT hr = CreateDXGIFactory1(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), (void **)&DXGIFactory);
//使用第一个显卡
IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter;
hr = DXGIFactory->EnumAdapters1(0, &Adapter);
DXGIFactory->Release();
//创建D3D11设备和交换链
//hr = D3D11C
//创建交换链
D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(Adapter, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, NULL, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
NULL, NULL, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
//初始化D2D D3D10.1和DirectWrite
InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(Adapter);
//释放Adapter接口
Adapter->Release();
//创建后缓冲
// ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
SwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&BackBuffer11);
//创建渲染目标
d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(BackBuffer11, NULL, &renderTargetView);
// BackBuffer->Release();
//创建深度模板缓冲
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc;
depthStencilDesc.Width = Width;
depthStencilDesc.Height = Height;
depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; //绑定到OM
depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
//创建深度模板视图
d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, NULL, &depthStencilBuffer);
d3d11Device->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilBuffer, NULL, &depthStencilView);
//设置渲染目标
// d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView);
return true;
}
bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter)
{
//创建D3D101设备
hr = D3D10CreateDevice1(Adapter, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3, D3D10_1_SDK_VERSION, &d3d101Device);
//创建共享纹理，D3D101将会渲染它
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC sharedTexDesc;
ZeroMemory(&sharedTexDesc, sizeof(sharedTexDesc));
sharedTexDesc.Width = Width;
sharedTexDesc.Height = Height;
sharedTexDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;// DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;// DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
sharedTexDesc.MipLevels = 1;
sharedTexDesc.ArraySize = 1;
sharedTexDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
sharedTexDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
sharedTexDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
sharedTexDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&sharedTexDesc, NULL, &sharedTex11);
//为共享纹理获取key互斥量（为D3D11）
hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void **)&keyedMutex11);
//获取共享句柄需要在D3D10.1中打开共享纹理
IDXGIResource *sharedResource10;
HANDLE sharedHandle10;
hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIResource), (void **)&sharedResource10);
hr = sharedResource10->GetSharedHandle(&sharedHandle10);
sharedResource10->Release();
//在D3D10.1中为共享纹理打开界面
IDXGISurface1 *sharedSurface10;
hr = d3d101Device->OpenSharedResource(sharedHandle10, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1), (void **)(&sharedSurface10));
hr = sharedSurface10->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void **)&keyedMutex10);
//创建D2D factory
ID2D1Factory *D2DFactory;
hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, __uuidof(ID2D1Factory), (void **)&D2DFactory);
D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES renderTargetProperties;
ZeroMemory(&renderTargetProperties, sizeof(renderTargetProperties));
renderTargetProperties.type = D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_HARDWARE;
renderTargetProperties.pixelFormat = D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED);
hr = D2DFactory->CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(sharedSurface10, &renderTargetProperties, &D2DRenderTarget);
sharedSurface10->Release();
D2DFactory->Release();
//创建立体彩色画笔绘制一些东西
hr = D2DRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), &Brush);
//DirectWrite
hr = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, __uuidof(IDWriteFactory),
reinterpret_cast<IUnknown **>(&DWriteFactory));
hr = DWriteFactory->CreateTextFormat(
L"Script",
NULL,
DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_REGULAR,
DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL,
DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
24.0f,
L"en-us",
&TextFormat
);
hr = TextFormat->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING);
hr = TextFormat->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_NEAR);
d3d101Device->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINTLIST);
return true;
}
void CleanUp()
{
SwapChain->Release();
d3d11Device->Release();
d3d11DevCon->Release();
renderTargetView->Release();
squareVertBuffer->Release();
squareIndexBuffer->Release();
//triangleVertBuffer->Release();
VS->Release();
PS->Release();
VS_Buffer->Release();
PS_Buffer->Release();
vertLayout->Release();
depthStencilView->Release();
depthStencilBuffer->Release();
//
cbPerObjectBuffer->Release();
//释放不裁剪对象
// noCull->Release();
//释放混合对象
#if 1
Transparency->Release();
CCWcullMode->Release();
CWcullMode->Release();
#endif
//释放线框
//WireFrame->Release();
d3d101Device->Release();
keyedMutex11->Release();
keyedMutex10->Release();
D2DRenderTarget->Release();
Brush->Release();
BackBuffer11->Release();
sharedTex11->Release();
DWriteFactory->Release();
TextFormat->Release();
d2dTexture->Release();
}
void InitD2DScreenTexture()
{
//创建顶点缓冲
Vertex v[] =
{
//字体面
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
};
DWORD indices[] = {
//字体面
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &d2dIndexBuffer);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &d2dVertBuffer);
//从纹理D2D，创建一个着色器资源视图
//因此，能够使用它来创建一个矩形纹理，用于覆盖场景
d3d11Device->CreateShaderResourceView(sharedTex11, NULL, &d2dTexture);
}
//void ReleaseObjects()
//{
//释放创建的COM对象
// SwapChain->Release();
// d3d11Device->Release();
// d3d11DevCon->Release();
//}
bool InitScene()
{
//
InitD2DScreenTexture();
//编译着色器
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile("Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile("Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);
//创建着色器对象
hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);
//设置顶点和像素着色器
d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);
//创建顶点缓冲
Vertex v[] = {
#if 1
// Front Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Back Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
// Top Face
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Bottom Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
// Left Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Right Face
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
#else
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
#endif
};
DWORD indices[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
// Back Face
4, 5, 6,
4, 6, 7,
// Top Face
8, 9, 10,
8, 10, 11,
// Bottom Face
12, 13, 14,
12, 14, 15,
// Left Face
16, 17, 18,
16, 18, 19,
// Right Face
20, 21, 22,
20, 22, 23
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 12 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &squareIndexBuffer);
// d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 24;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &squareVertBuffer);
//设置顶点缓冲
// UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
// UINT offset = 0;
// d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
//创建输入布局
d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(),
VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout);
//设置输入布局
d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout);
//设置图元拓扑
d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
//创建视口
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.Width = Width;
viewport.Height = Height;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
//设置视口
d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
//创建缓冲用来发送到效果文件的cbuffer
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbbd;
ZeroMemory(&cbbd, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC));
cbbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
cbbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(cbPerObject);
cbbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
cbbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
cbbd.MiscFlags = 0;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&cbbd, NULL, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
//相机信息
//相机信息
camPosition = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 3.0f, -8.0f, 0.0f);
//camPosition = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
camTarget = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
camUp = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//设置视图矩阵
camView = XMMatrixLookAtLH(camPosition, camTarget, camUp);
//设置投影矩阵
camProjection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(0.4f*3.14f, (float)Width / Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
D3D11_BLEND_DESC blendDesc;
ZeroMemory( &blendDesc, sizeof(blendDesc) );
D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC rtbd;
ZeroMemory( &rtbd, sizeof(rtbd) );
rtbd.BlendEnable = true;
rtbd.SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_COLOR;
///**************new**************
rtbd.DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
///**************new**************
rtbd.BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
rtbd.SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE;
rtbd.DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO;
rtbd.BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
rtbd.RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D10_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL;
blendDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false;
blendDesc.RenderTarget[0] = rtbd;
//加载图像纹理
//hr =
//#if 1
hr = D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(d3d11Device, "Eye.png",
NULL, NULL, &CubesTexture, NULL);
//配置采样状态
D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampDesc;
ZeroMemory(&sampDesc, sizeof(sampDesc));
sampDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
sampDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;
sampDesc.MinLOD = 0;
sampDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;
//创建采样状态
hr = d3d11Device->CreateSamplerState(&sampDesc, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//声明光栅化描述符
// D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc;
// ZeroMemory(&rastDesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
// rastDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
// rastDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_NONE;
// d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &noCull);
#if 1
#if 1
//定义混合方程式
// D3D11_BLEND_DESC blendDesc;
// ZeroMemory(&blendDesc, sizeof(blendDesc));
// D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC rtbd;
// ZeroMemory(&rtbd, sizeof(rtbd));
// rtbd.BlendEnable = true;
// rtbd.SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_COLOR;
// rtbd.DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
// rtbd.BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
// rtbd.SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE;
// rtbd.DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO;
// rtbd.BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
// rtbd.RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D11_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL;
// blendDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false;
// blendDesc.RenderTarget[0] = rtbd;
d3d11Device->CreateBlendState(&blendDesc, &Transparency);
//创建逆时针和顺时针状态
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC cmdesc;
ZeroMemory(&cmdesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
cmdesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
cmdesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK;
cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CCWcullMode);
cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CWcullMode);
#else
//设置线框
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC wfdesc;
ZeroMemory(&wfdesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
wfdesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_WIREFRAME;
wfdesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_NONE;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&wfdesc, &WireFrame);
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(WireFrame);
#endif
#endif
return true;
}
///**************new**************
void StartTimer()
{
LARGE_INTEGER frequencyCount;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequencyCount);
countsPerSecond = double(frequencyCount.QuadPart);
QueryPerformanceCounter(&frequencyCount);
CounterStart = frequencyCount.QuadPart;
}
double GetTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
return double(currentTime.QuadPart-CounterStart)/countsPerSecond;
}
double GetFrameTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
__int64 tickCount;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
tickCount = currentTime.QuadPart-frameTimeOld;
frameTimeOld = currentTime.QuadPart;
if(tickCount < 0.0f)
tickCount = 0.0f;
return float(tickCount)/countsPerSecond;
}
///**************new**************
///**************new**************
void UpdateScene(double time)
///**************new**************
{
rot += 1.000f * time;
if(rot > 6.28f)
rot = 0.0f;
//复位cube1World
cube1World = XMMatrixIdentity();
//定义cube1的世界空间矩阵
XMVECTOR rotaxis = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis(rotaxis, rot);
Translation = XMMatrixTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f);
//用转换设置cube1的世界空间
cube1World = Translation* Rotation;
//复位cube2World
cube2World = XMMatrixIdentity();
//定义cube2的世界空间矩阵
Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis(rotaxis, -rot);
Scale = XMMatrixScaling(1.3f, 1.3f, 1.3f);
//设置cube2的世界空间矩阵
cube2World = Rotation * Scale;
#if 0
red += colormodr * 0.00005f;
green += colormodg * 0.00002f;
blue += colormodb * 0.00001f;
if (red >= 1.0f || red <= 0.0f)
colormodr *= -1;
if (green >= 1.0f || green <= 0.0f)
colormodg *= -1;
if (blue >= 1.0f || blue <= 0.0f)
colormodb *= -1;
#endif
}
///**************new**************
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt)
{
//释放D3D11设备
keyedMutex11->ReleaseSync(0);
//使用D3D10.1设备
keyedMutex10->AcquireSync(0, 5);
//绘制D2D内容
D2DRenderTarget->BeginDraw();
//清空D2D背景色
D2DRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
//创建字符串
std::wostringstream printString;
///**************new**************
printString << text << inInt;
///**************new**************
printText = printString.str();
//设置字体颜色
D2D1_COLOR_F FontColor = D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f);
//设置D2D绘制要用到的画笔颜色
Brush->SetColor(FontColor);
//创建D2D渲染区域
D2D1_RECT_F layoutRect = D2D1::RectF(0, 0, Width, Height);
//绘制文本
D2DRenderTarget->DrawText(
printText.c_str(),
wcslen(printText.c_str()),
TextFormat,
layoutRect,
Brush
);
D2DRenderTarget->EndDraw();
//释放D3D10.1设备
keyedMutex10->ReleaseSync(1);
//使用D3D11设备
keyedMutex11->AcquireSync(1, 5);
//使用着色器资源表示d2d渲染目标来创建一个矩形纹理，该矩形是被渲染进屏幕空间的。使用α混合以便整个D2D
//渲染目标的背景为不可见的，且只有使用D2D绘制的东西才可见（文本）。
//为D2D渲染目标纹理对象设置混合状态
d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(Transparency, NULL, 0xffffffff);
//设置d2d索引缓冲
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
//设置d2d顶点缓冲
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &d2dVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
WVP = XMMatrixIdentity();
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &d2dTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//画第二个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
}
void DrawScene()
{
//将更新的颜色填充后缓冲
// D3DXCOLOR bgColor(red, green, blue, 1.0f);
float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)};
d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);
//刷新深度模板视图
d3d11DevCon->ClearDepthStencilView(depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH | D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0);
//使能默认光栅化状态
// d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(NULL);
//绘制使用背面裁剪的对象
//关闭背面裁剪
// d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(noCull);
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView );
d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(0, 0, 0xffffffff);
//Set the cubes index buffer
//设置立方体的索引缓冲
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
//设置立方体的顶点缓冲
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
//设置WVP矩阵并将它送到效果文件中的常量缓冲中
WVP = cube1World * camView * camProjection;
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
///
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &CubesTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//逆时针剪裁先是因为需要立方体后边首先被渲染，所以前面会和它混合
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//绘制第一个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//
//d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//设置世界/视图/投影矩阵，随后发送到效果文件的常量缓冲中
//World = XMMatrixIdentity();
WVP = cube2World * camView * camProjection;
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
///
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &CubesTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//绘制第二个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//绘制三角形
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
//画三角形
//d3d11DevCon->Draw(3, 0);
//
//d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
///**************new**************
//
RenderText(L"FPS: ", fps);
///**************new**************
//将后缓冲呈现到屏幕
SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
}
int messageloop(){
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));//清除结构体被设为NULL。
while (true)
{
//使用PeekMessage()检查是否有消息传进来
/*LPMSG lpMsg 消息结构体的指针
*HWND hWnd 发送消息的窗口句柄。若设为NULL，那么它会从当前程序中接收来自任何一个窗口的消息
*UINT wMsgFilterMin 指定消息范围内第一个要检查的消息的值。若wMsgFilterMin和wMsgFilterMax都设为0，那么PeekMessage将会检查素有的消息
*UINT wMsgFilterMax 指定消息范围内最后一个要检测的消息的值
*UINT wRemoveMsg 指定消息的处理方式。若设置为PM_REMOVE，则在读取之后会被删除
*/
BOOL PeekMessageL(
LPMSG lpMsg,
HWND hWnd,
UINT wMsgFilterMin,
UINT wMsgFilterMax,
UINT wRemoveMsg
);
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
//若消息为窗口消息，则解析并分发它。TranslateMessage()将会让窗口做一些解析，类似键盘的虚拟键值转换到字符形式。
//而DispatchMessage()则发送消息到窗口过程WndProc。
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else //若没有窗口消息，则运行游戏
///**************new**************
{
frameCount++;
if(GetTime() > 1.0f)
{
fps = frameCount;
frameCount = 0;
StartTimer();
}
frameTime = GetFrameTime();
UpdateScene(frameTime);
DrawScene();
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//窗口消息处理函数
//HWND hwnd 获取消息的窗口句柄
//UINT msg 消息的内容
/*
*WM_ACTIVE 当窗口激活时发送的消息
*WM_CLOSE 当窗口关闭时发送的消息
*WM_CREATE 当窗口创建时发送的消息
*WM_DESTROY 当窗口销毁时发送的消息
*/
//wParam和lParam时消息的额外信息。使用wParam来检测键盘输入消息
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam)
{
// 这是事件检测消息的地方，若escape键被按下，会显示一个消息框，询问是否真的退出。若点击yes，则程序关闭。若不点击，则消息框关闭。若消息包含WM_DESTROY
// 则意味着窗口正在被销毁，返回0并且程序关闭
switch (msg)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
{
if (MessageBox(0, "Are you sure you want to exit?",
"Really?", MB_YESNO | MB_ICONASTERISK) == IDYES)
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
//调用默认窗口过程函数
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
msg,
wParam,
lParam);
}效果图：
==============================修改剪裁版===============================================1016
#include "stdafx.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D10_1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "DXGI.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D2D1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dwrite.lib")
#include <D3D10_1.h>
#include <DXGI.h>
#include <D2D1.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <dwrite.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "Resource.h"
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include <xnamath.h>
//全局描述符
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
//索引缓冲
ID3D11Buffer* squareIndexBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer* squareVertBuffer;
//深度值-20170927
ID3D11DepthStencilView* depthStencilView;
ID3D11Texture2D* depthStencilBuffer;
//着色器
//ID3D11Buffer* squareVertBuffer;
ID3D11VertexShader* VS;
ID3D11PixelShader* PS;
ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer;
ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer;
ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout;
///
ID3D11Buffer* cbPerObjectBuffer;
///
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* CubesTexture;
ID3D11SamplerState* CubesTexSamplerState;
// 设置线框
//ID3D11RasterizerState* WireFrame;
//无裁剪
ID3D11RasterizerState* noCull;
#if 0
//混合设置
ID3D11BlendState* Transparency;
ID3D11RasterizerState* CCWcullMode;
ID3D11RasterizerState* CWcullMode;
//float red = 0.0f;
//float green = 0.0f;
//float blue = 0.0f;
//int colormodr = 1;
//int colormodg = 1;
//int colormodb = 1;
#endif
ID3D10Device1 *d3d101Device;
IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex11;
IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex10;
ID2D1RenderTarget *D2DRenderTarget;
ID2D1SolidColorBrush *Brush;
ID3D11Texture2D *BackBuffer11;
ID3D11Texture2D *sharedTex11;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dVertBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dIndexBuffer;
ID3D11ShaderResourceView *d2dTexture;
IDWriteFactory *DWriteFactory;
IDWriteTextFormat *TextFormat;
std::wstring printText;
/
LPCTSTR WndClassName = "firstwindow";
HWND hwnd = NULL;
HRESULT hr;
const int Width = 800; //设置宽
const int Height = 800; // 设置高
///四个空间以及相机属性
XMMATRIX WVP;
//立方体
XMMATRIX cube1World;
XMMATRIX cube2World;
//
//XMMATRIX World;
XMMATRIX camView;
XMMATRIX camProjection;
XMMATRIX d2dWorld;
XMVECTOR camPosition;
XMVECTOR camTarget;
XMVECTOR camUp;
//相机
XMMATRIX Rotation;
XMMATRIX Scale;
XMMATRIX Translation;
float rot = 0.01f;
///**************new**************
double countsPerSecond = 0.0;
__int64 CounterStart = 0;
int frameCount = 0;
int fps = 0;
__int64 frameTimeOld = 0;
double frameTime;
///**************new**************
bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter);
void InitD2DScreenTexture();
///**************new**************
void UpdateScene(double time);
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt);
void StartTimer();
double GetTime();
double GetFrameTime();
///**************new**************
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
//void ReleaseObjects();
void CleanUp();
bool InitScene();
void DrawScene();
// 初始化窗口
bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
int ShowWnd,
int width, int height,
bool windowed);
//初始化消息循环函数
int messageloop();
//初始化窗口回调过程。Windows API是事件驱动型的编程模型。在该函数中捕获Windows消息，比如一个按键按下（也叫事件）以及程序操作流程。
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
//创建效果常量缓冲的结构体
struct cbPerObject
{
XMMATRIX WVP;
};
cbPerObject cbPerObj;
//顶点结构体以及顶点布局（输入布局）
struct Vertex
{
Vertex(){}
Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
float u, float v)
:pos(x, y, z), texCoord(u, v){}
XMFLOAT3 pos;
XMFLOAT2 texCoord;
};
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = {
{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);
//主函数，传入应用程序句柄hInstance,前一个应用程序句柄hPrevInstance，传给函数处理的命令行lpCmdLine以及窗口显示方式的nShowCmd
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
//创建并注册窗口
if (!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true))
{
MessageBox(0, "Window Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
/new
if (!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) // 初始化D3D
{
MessageBox(0, "Direct3D Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
if (!InitScene())
{
MessageBox(0, "Scene Initialization - Failed", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
messageloop();
CleanUp();
//ReleaseObjects();
return 0;
}
// windowed 若为true则为窗口模式显示，若为false则为全屏模式显示
bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
int ShowWnd,
int width, int height,
bool windowed)
{
/*typedef struct _WNDCLASS{
UINT cbSize;
UINT style;
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
int cbClsExtra;
int cbWndExtra;
HANDLE hInstance;
HICON hIcon;
HCURSOR hCursor;
HBRUSH hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
}WNDCLASS;
*/
WNDCLASSEX wc;
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); //window类的大小
/********windows类风格
*CS_CLASSDC 一个使用该类创建的在所有窗口间共享的设备上下文
*CS_DBLCLKS 在窗口上使能双击功能
*CS_HREDRAW 若窗口的宽度有改变或者窗口水平地移动，窗口将会刷新
*CS_NOCLOSE 窗口菜单上禁止关闭选项
*CS_OWNDC 为每个窗口创建自己的设备上下文。正好与CS_CLASSDC相反
*CS_PARENTDC 这会设置创建的子窗口的剪裁四边形到父窗口，这允许子窗口能够在父窗口上绘画
*CS_VERDRAW 若在窗口的高度或窗口在垂直方向有移动窗口会重绘
**/
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
//lpfnWndProc是一个指向处理窗口消息函数的指针，设置窗口处理函数的函数名WndProc
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
//cbClsExtra是WNDCLASSEX之后额外申请的字节数
wc.cbClsExtra = NULL;
//cbWndExtra指定窗口实例之后所申请的字节数
wc.cbWndExtra = NULL;
//当前窗口应用程序的句柄，通过给函数GetModuleHandle()函数第一个参数传入NULL可获取当前窗口应用程序。
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
//hIcon用来指定窗口标题栏左上角的图标。以下是一些标准图标：
/*
*IDI_APPLICATION 默认应用程序图标
*IDI_HAND 手形状的图标
*IDI_EXCLAMATION 感叹号图标
*IDI_INFORMATION 星号图标
*IDI_QUESTION 问号图标
*IDI_WINLOGO 若使用的是XP则是默认应用程序图标，否则是窗口logo
*/
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
/*定义光标图标
*IDC_APPSTARTING 标准箭头以及小型沙漏光标
*IDC_ARROW 标准箭头光标
*IDC_CROSS 十字线光标
*IDC_HAND 手型光标
*IDC_NO 斜线圈光标
*IDC_WAIT 沙漏光标
*/
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
//hbrBackground是一个刷子的句柄，可使得背景黑色。
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2);
//附加到窗口的菜单名字，不需要的话设置为NULL
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
//对类进行命名
wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName;
//指定任务栏的图标，使用上面的IDI＿图标
wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
//注册类。若失败则会获得一个错误，若成功，则继续创建窗口
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Error registering class", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 1;
}
//创建窗口
hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
NULL,
WndClassName,
"Rotating Cube",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
width,
height,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
if (!hwnd)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Error registering class", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 1;
}
//BOOL ShowWindow(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow);
//BOOL UpdateWindow(HWND hWnd);
ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);// 发送WM_PAINT消息到窗口过程，若窗口客户区没有任何东西要显示，则不发送消息。返回true，继续运行到mainloop中去。
return true;
}
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
//声明缓冲
DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
bufferDesc.Width = Width;
bufferDesc.Height = Height;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//声明交换链
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
//创建DXGI factory来枚举显卡
IDXGIFactory1 *DXGIFactory;
HRESULT hr = CreateDXGIFactory1(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), (void **)&DXGIFactory);
//使用第一个显卡
IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter;
hr = DXGIFactory->EnumAdapters1(0, &Adapter);
DXGIFactory->Release();
//创建D3D11设备和交换链
//hr = D3D11C
//创建交换链
D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(Adapter, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, NULL, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
NULL, NULL, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
//初始化D2D D3D10.1和DirectWrite
InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(Adapter);
//释放Adapter接口
Adapter->Release();
//创建后缓冲
ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
SwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&BackBuffer);
//创建渲染目标
d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView);
BackBuffer->Release();
//创建深度模板缓冲
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc;
depthStencilDesc.Width = Width;
depthStencilDesc.Height = Height;
depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; //绑定到OM
depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
//创建深度模板视图
d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, NULL, &depthStencilBuffer);
d3d11Device->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilBuffer, NULL, &depthStencilView);
//设置渲染目标
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView);
return true;
}
bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter)
{
//创建D3D101设备
hr = D3D10CreateDevice1(Adapter, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3, D3D10_1_SDK_VERSION, &d3d101Device);
//创建共享纹理，D3D101将会渲染它
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC sharedTexDesc;
ZeroMemory(&sharedTexDesc, sizeof(sharedTexDesc));
sharedTexDesc.Width = Width;
sharedTexDesc.Height = Height;
sharedTexDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;// DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;// DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
sharedTexDesc.MipLevels = 1;
sharedTexDesc.ArraySize = 1;
sharedTexDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
sharedTexDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
sharedTexDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
sharedTexDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&sharedTexDesc, NULL, &sharedTex11);
//为共享纹理获取key互斥量（为D3D11）
hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void **)&keyedMutex11);
//获取共享句柄需要在D3D10.1中打开共享纹理
IDXGIResource *sharedResource10;
HANDLE sharedHandle10;
hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIResource), (void **)&sharedResource10);
hr = sharedResource10->GetSharedHandle(&sharedHandle10);
sharedResource10->Release();
//在D3D10.1中为共享纹理打开界面
IDXGISurface1 *sharedSurface10;
hr = d3d101Device->OpenSharedResource(sharedHandle10, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1), (void **)(&sharedSurface10));
hr = sharedSurface10->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void **)&keyedMutex10);
//创建D2D factory
ID2D1Factory *D2DFactory;
hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, __uuidof(ID2D1Factory), (void **)&D2DFactory);
D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES renderTargetProperties;
ZeroMemory(&renderTargetProperties, sizeof(renderTargetProperties));
renderTargetProperties.type = D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_HARDWARE;
renderTargetProperties.pixelFormat = D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED);
hr = D2DFactory->CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(sharedSurface10, &renderTargetProperties, &D2DRenderTarget);
sharedSurface10->Release();
D2DFactory->Release();
//创建立体彩色画笔绘制一些东西
hr = D2DRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), &Brush);
//DirectWrite
hr = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, __uuidof(IDWriteFactory),
reinterpret_cast<IUnknown **>(&DWriteFactory));
hr = DWriteFactory->CreateTextFormat(
L"Script",
NULL,
DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_REGULAR,
DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL,
DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
24.0f,
L"en-us",
&TextFormat
);
hr = TextFormat->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING);
hr = TextFormat->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_NEAR);
d3d101Device->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINTLIST);
return true;
}
void CleanUp()
{
SwapChain->Release();
d3d11Device->Release();
d3d11DevCon->Release();
renderTargetView->Release();
squareVertBuffer->Release();
squareIndexBuffer->Release();
//triangleVertBuffer->Release();
VS->Release();
PS->Release();
VS_Buffer->Release();
PS_Buffer->Release();
vertLayout->Release();
depthStencilView->Release();
depthStencilBuffer->Release();
//
cbPerObjectBuffer->Release();
//释放不裁剪对象
noCull->Release();
//释放混合对象
#if 0
Transparency->Release();
CCWcullMode->Release();
CWcullMode->Release();
#endif
//释放线框
//WireFrame->Release();
d3d101Device->Release();
keyedMutex11->Release();
keyedMutex10->Release();
D2DRenderTarget->Release();
Brush->Release();
BackBuffer11->Release();
sharedTex11->Release();
DWriteFactory->Release();
TextFormat->Release();
d2dTexture->Release();
}
void InitD2DScreenTexture()
{
//创建顶点缓冲
Vertex v[] =
{
//字体面
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
};
DWORD indices[] = {
//字体面
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &d2dIndexBuffer);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &d2dVertBuffer);
//从纹理D2D，创建一个着色器资源视图
//因此，能够使用它来创建一个矩形纹理，用于覆盖场景
d3d11Device->CreateShaderResourceView(sharedTex11, NULL, &d2dTexture);
}
//void ReleaseObjects()
//{
//释放创建的COM对象
// SwapChain->Release();
// d3d11Device->Release();
// d3d11DevCon->Release();
//}
bool InitScene()
{
//
InitD2DScreenTexture();
//编译着色器
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile("Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile("Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);
//创建着色器对象
hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);
//设置顶点和像素着色器
d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);
//创建顶点缓冲
Vertex v[] = {
#if 1
// Front Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Back Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
// Top Face
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Bottom Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
// Left Face
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
// Right Face
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
#else
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-1.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(+1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
#endif
};
DWORD indices[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
// Back Face
4, 5, 6,
4, 6, 7,
// Top Face
8, 9, 10,
8, 10, 11,
// Bottom Face
12, 13, 14,
12, 14, 15,
// Left Face
16, 17, 18,
16, 18, 19,
// Right Face
20, 21, 22,
20, 22, 23
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 12 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &squareIndexBuffer);
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 24;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &squareVertBuffer);
//设置顶点缓冲
// UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
// UINT offset = 0;
// d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
//创建输入布局
d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(),
VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout);
//设置输入布局
d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout);
//设置图元拓扑
d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
//创建视口
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.Width = Width;
viewport.Height = Height;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
//设置视口
d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
//创建缓冲用来发送到效果文件的cbuffer
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbbd;
ZeroMemory(&cbbd, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC));
cbbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
cbbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(cbPerObject);
cbbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
cbbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
cbbd.MiscFlags = 0;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&cbbd, NULL, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
//相机信息
//相机信息
camPosition = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 3.0f, -8.0f, 0.0f);
//camPosition = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
camTarget = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
camUp = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//设置视图矩阵
camView = XMMatrixLookAtLH(camPosition, camTarget, camUp);
//设置投影矩阵
camProjection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(0.4f*3.14f, (float)Width / Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
D3D11_BLEND_DESC blendDesc;
ZeroMemory( &blendDesc, sizeof(blendDesc) );
D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC rtbd;
ZeroMemory( &rtbd, sizeof(rtbd) );
rtbd.BlendEnable = true;
rtbd.SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_COLOR;
///**************new**************
rtbd.DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
///**************new**************
rtbd.BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
rtbd.SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE;
rtbd.DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO;
rtbd.BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
rtbd.RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D10_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL;
blendDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false;
blendDesc.RenderTarget[0] = rtbd;
//加载图像纹理
//hr =
//#if 1
hr = D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(d3d11Device, "Eye.png",
NULL, NULL, &CubesTexture, NULL);
//配置采样状态
D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampDesc;
ZeroMemory(&sampDesc, sizeof(sampDesc));
sampDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
sampDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
sampDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;
sampDesc.MinLOD = 0;
sampDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;
//创建采样状态
hr = d3d11Device->CreateSamplerState(&sampDesc, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//声明光栅化描述符
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc;
ZeroMemory(&rastDesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
rastDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
rastDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_NONE;
d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &noCull);
#if 0
#if 1
//定义混合方程式
// D3D11_BLEND_DESC blendDesc;
// ZeroMemory(&blendDesc, sizeof(blendDesc));
// D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC rtbd;
// ZeroMemory(&rtbd, sizeof(rtbd));
// rtbd.BlendEnable = true;
// rtbd.SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_COLOR;
// rtbd.DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
// rtbd.BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
// rtbd.SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE;
// rtbd.DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO;
// rtbd.BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD;
// rtbd.RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D11_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL;
// blendDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false;
// blendDesc.RenderTarget[0] = rtbd;
d3d11Device->CreateBlendState(&blendDesc, &Transparency);
//创建逆时针和顺时针状态
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC cmdesc;
ZeroMemory(&cmdesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
cmdesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
cmdesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK;
cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CCWcullMode);
cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CWcullMode);
#else
//设置线框
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC wfdesc;
ZeroMemory(&wfdesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC));
wfdesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_WIREFRAME;
wfdesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_NONE;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&wfdesc, &WireFrame);
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(WireFrame);
#endif
#endif
return true;
}
///**************new**************
void StartTimer()
{
LARGE_INTEGER frequencyCount;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequencyCount);
countsPerSecond = double(frequencyCount.QuadPart);
QueryPerformanceCounter(&frequencyCount);
CounterStart = frequencyCount.QuadPart;
}
double GetTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
return double(currentTime.QuadPart-CounterStart)/countsPerSecond;
}
double GetFrameTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER currentTime;
__int64 tickCount;
QueryPerformanceCounter(¤tTime);
tickCount = currentTime.QuadPart-frameTimeOld;
frameTimeOld = currentTime.QuadPart;
if(tickCount < 0.0f)
tickCount = 0.0f;
return float(tickCount)/countsPerSecond;
}
///**************new**************
///**************new**************
void UpdateScene(double time)
///**************new**************
{
rot += 1.000f * time;
if(rot > 6.28f)
rot = 0.0f;
//复位cube1World
cube1World = XMMatrixIdentity();
//定义cube1的世界空间矩阵
XMVECTOR rotaxis = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis(rotaxis, rot);
Translation = XMMatrixTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f);
//用转换设置cube1的世界空间
cube1World = Translation* Rotation;
//复位cube2World
cube2World = XMMatrixIdentity();
//定义cube2的世界空间矩阵
Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis(rotaxis, -rot);
Scale = XMMatrixScaling(1.3f, 1.3f, 1.3f);
//设置cube2的世界空间矩阵
cube2World = Rotation * Scale;
#if 0
red += colormodr * 0.00005f;
green += colormodg * 0.00002f;
blue += colormodb * 0.00001f;
if (red >= 1.0f || red <= 0.0f)
colormodr *= -1;
if (green >= 1.0f || green <= 0.0f)
colormodg *= -1;
if (blue >= 1.0f || blue <= 0.0f)
colormodb *= -1;
#endif
}
///**************new**************
void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt)
{
//释放D3D11设备
keyedMutex11->ReleaseSync(0);
//使用D3D10.1设备
keyedMutex10->AcquireSync(0, 5);
//绘制D2D内容
D2DRenderTarget->BeginDraw();
//清空D2D背景色
D2DRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
//创建字符串
std::wostringstream printString;
///**************new**************
printString << text << inInt;
///**************new**************
printText = printString.str();
//设置字体颜色
D2D1_COLOR_F FontColor = D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f);
//设置D2D绘制要用到的画笔颜色
Brush->SetColor(FontColor);
//创建D2D渲染区域
D2D1_RECT_F layoutRect = D2D1::RectF(0, 0, Width, Height);
//绘制文本
D2DRenderTarget->DrawText(
printText.c_str(),
wcslen(printText.c_str()),
TextFormat,
layoutRect,
Brush
);
D2DRenderTarget->EndDraw();
//释放D3D10.1设备
keyedMutex10->ReleaseSync(1);
//使用D3D11设备
keyedMutex11->AcquireSync(1, 5);
//使用着色器资源表示d2d渲染目标来创建一个矩形纹理，该矩形是被渲染进屏幕空间的。使用α混合以便整个D2D
//渲染目标的背景为不可见的，且只有使用D2D绘制的东西才可见（文本）。
//为D2D渲染目标纹理对象设置混合状态
//d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(Transparency, NULL, 0xffffffff);
//设置d2d索引缓冲
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
//设置d2d顶点缓冲
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &d2dVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
WVP = XMMatrixIdentity();
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &d2dTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
// d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//画第二个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
}
void DrawScene()
{
//将更新的颜色填充后缓冲
// D3DXCOLOR bgColor(red, green, blue, 1.0f);
float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)};
d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);
//刷新深度模板视图
d3d11DevCon->ClearDepthStencilView(depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH | D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0);
//使能默认光栅化状态
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(NULL);
//绘制使用背面裁剪的对象
//关闭背面裁剪
d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(noCull);
//d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView );
d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(0, 0, 0xffffffff);
//Set the cubes index buffer
//设置立方体的索引缓冲
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
//设置立方体的顶点缓冲
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
//设置WVP矩阵并将它送到效果文件中的常量缓冲中
WVP = cube1World * camView * camProjection;
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
///
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &CubesTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//逆时针剪裁先是因为需要立方体后边首先被渲染，所以前面会和它混合
// d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//绘制第一个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//
//d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//设置世界/视图/投影矩阵，随后发送到效果文件的常量缓冲中
//World = XMMatrixIdentity();
WVP = cube2World * camView * camProjection;
cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP);
d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource(cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer);
///
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &CubesTexture);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState);
//
//d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CCWcullMode);
//绘制第二个立方体
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
//绘制三角形
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
//画三角形
//d3d11DevCon->Draw(3, 0);
//
//d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode);
//d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);
///**************new**************
//
RenderText(L"FPS: ", fps);
///**************new**************
//将后缓冲呈现到屏幕
SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
}
int messageloop(){
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));//清除结构体被设为NULL。
while (true)
{
//使用PeekMessage()检查是否有消息传进来
/*LPMSG lpMsg 消息结构体的指针
*HWND hWnd 发送消息的窗口句柄。若设为NULL，那么它会从当前程序中接收来自任何一个窗口的消息
*UINT wMsgFilterMin 指定消息范围内第一个要检查的消息的值。若wMsgFilterMin和wMsgFilterMax都设为0，那么PeekMessage将会检查素有的消息
*UINT wMsgFilterMax 指定消息范围内最后一个要检测的消息的值
*UINT wRemoveMsg 指定消息的处理方式。若设置为PM_REMOVE，则在读取之后会被删除
*/
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
//若消息为窗口消息，则解析并分发它。TranslateMessage()将会让窗口做一些解析，类似键盘的虚拟键值转换到字符形式。
//而DispatchMessage()则发送消息到窗口过程WndProc。
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else //若没有窗口消息，则运行游戏
///**************new**************
{
frameCount++;
if(GetTime() > 1.0f)
{
fps = frameCount;
frameCount = 0;
StartTimer();
}
frameTime = GetFrameTime();
UpdateScene(frameTime);
DrawScene();
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//窗口消息处理函数
//HWND hwnd 获取消息的窗口句柄
//UINT msg 消息的内容
/*
*WM_ACTIVE 当窗口激活时发送的消息
*WM_CLOSE 当窗口关闭时发送的消息
*WM_CREATE 当窗口创建时发送的消息
*WM_DESTROY 当窗口销毁时发送的消息
*/
//wParam和lParam时消息的额外信息。使用wParam来检测键盘输入消息
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam)
{
// 这是事件检测消息的地方，若escape键被按下，会显示一个消息框，询问是否真的退出。若点击yes，则程序关闭。若不点击，则消息框关闭。若消息包含WM_DESTROY
// 则意味着窗口正在被销毁，返回0并且程序关闭
switch (msg)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
{
if (MessageBox(0, "Are you sure you want to exit?",
"Really?", MB_YESNO | MB_ICONASTERISK) == IDYES)
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
//调用默认窗口过程函数
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
msg,
wParam,
lParam);
}效果如下：
参考网址
最后
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