VRRP技术–虚拟路由器冗余协议

1，概述，利用VRRP，一组路由器协同工作，只有一个处于MASTER状态，处于该状态的路由器几口承担实际数据流量转发任务，多个接口共用一个虚拟IP地址，
VRRP决定那个路由器是MASTER，并负责接受发送至用户数据包并进行转发，相应ARP请求
Backkuo路预期箭筒master路由器状态，并在他发生故障时，接替其工作
2，VRRP中，一台路由器接口可以同时参与多个VRRP组中，不同组中充当不同角色
3，VRRP组，每个组中只有一个master
4，虚拟MAC地址，根据VRID生成，一个虚拟路由只有一个虚拟路由
5，Backup路由，处于监听状态，每个1s发送心跳报文，3秒没有收到默认master出现故障，进行替换
6，选举依据：先笔记接口VRRP优先级（比大），默认为100，可配置范围为1-254，相同，比较接口IP地址
7，VRRP状态机，初始状态initialize

8，Master路由器。

定时发送vrrp通告报文，告知backup自己的存活状态
以虚拟MAC地址相应ARP请求
转发报文
如果收到比自己优先级大的报文，立即成为backup

9，backup路由

接受master状态信息，判断其状态
对ARP不做相应
丢弃报文
如果收到优先级和自己相同，或比自己大的
10，vrrp报文
采用组播，224.0.0.18

11，工作过程

选举master，将虚拟MAC地址通知主机，
向其他backup设备通告报文
当vrrp组切换时，新的master立即携带虚拟mac和虚拟IP舒心主机设备中的mac地址，把用户流量引导新的额设备上去
原master故障回复时，若该设备为IP地址拥有者（则其优先级为 255），直接进入master状态
backup设备优先级高于master设备时，由backup设备的工作方式（抢占和非抢占模式）决定是否重新选举master

12，命令配置

Dis vrrp brief 查看vrrp状态
Vrrp vrid 1 track int g0/0/1 reduced 20 配置后面接口优先级
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110

作业

1，

sw1

[sw1]valn b 10 20
[sw1]vlan b
[sw1]vlan batch 10 20
[sw1]int vlanif 10
[sw1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[sw1-Vlanif10]q
[sw1]int vlanif 20
[sw1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.253 24
[sw1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw1-Vlanif20]q
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a

sw2

[sw2]vlan batch 10 20
[sw2]int vlanif 10
[sw2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.253 24
[sw2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw2-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[sw2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.252 24
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110
[sw2-Vlanif20]q
[sw2]int g0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a

sw3

[sw3]vlan batch 10 20
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p t a v a

pc1通网关

pc2通网关

当断掉一条线路时，仍然可以通

2，

r1

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.2.253 24 sub
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.10.2

r2

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.2.252 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.253 24 sub
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vr
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 vi
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vr
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 pri
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110

[r2]dis vrrp brief
1 Backup GE0/0/0 Normal 192.168.1.254
2 Master GE0/0/0 Normal 192.168.2.254

[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.20.2

r3

r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.2 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.2 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.10.1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.10.1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.20.1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.20.1
[r3]int LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32

pc1通3.3.3.3

pc2通3.3.3.3

当断掉一条线路时

扔能ping通

sw1

[Huawei]sysn sw1
[sw1]vlan b 10 20
[sw1]int vlanif 10
[sw1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[sw1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[sw1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.253 24
[sw1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw1-Vlanif20]q
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw1]stp region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]region-name hua
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]q
[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary

sw2

[Huawei]sysn sw2
[sw2]vlan b
[sw2]vlan batch 10 20
[sw2]int vlanif 10
[sw2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.253 24
[sw2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw2-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[sw2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.252 24
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110
[sw2-Vlanif20]q
[sw2]int g0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[sw2]stp region-configuration
[sw2-mst-region]region-name hua
[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw2-mst-region]q
[sw2]stp instance 2 primary
[sw2]stp instance 2 root primary
[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary

sw3

[sw3]vlan batch 10 20
[sw3]int g0/0/1
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]q
[sw3]vlan batch 10 20
[sw3]stp re
[sw3-mst-region]re
[sw3-mst-region]region-name hua
[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw3-mst-region]active re
[sw3]dis stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI DISCARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI DISCARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE

pc1通pc2

最后

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