C++string字符串的连接、遍历、初始化

#include <iostream>  
#include "string"  
  
using namespace std;  
  
//字符串初始化  
void strInit()  
{  
    cout << "字符串初始化:"  <<endl;  
  
    string s1 = "abcdefg";  //初始化方式1  
    string s2("abcdefg");   //初始化方式2  
    string s3 = s2;         //通过拷贝构造函数 初始化s3  
    string s4(7,'s');       //初始化7个s的字符串  
  
    cout << "s1 = "<< s1 << endl;  
    cout << "s2 = "<< s2 << endl;  
    cout << "s3 = "<< s3 << endl;  
    cout << "s4 = "<< s4 << endl;  
}  
  
//字符串遍历  
void strErgo()  
{  
    cout << "字符串遍历:"  <<endl;  
  
    string s1 = "abcdefg";  //初始化字符串  
      
    //通过数组方式遍历  
    cout << "1、通过数组方式遍历:"  <<endl;  
    for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++)  
    {  
        cout << s1[i] << " ";  
    }  
    cout << endl;  
  
    //通过迭代器遍历  
    cout << "2、通过迭代器遍历:"  <<endl;  
    for(string::iterator it = s1.begin(); it!= s1.end(); it++)  
    {  
        cout << *it << " ";  
    }  
    cout << endl;  
  
    //通过at()方式遍历  
    cout << "3、通过at()方式遍历:"  <<endl;  
    for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++)  
    {  
        cout << s1.at(i) << " ";        //此方式可以在越界时抛出异常  
    }  
    cout << endl;  
}  
  
//字符指针和字符串的转换  
void strConvert()  
{  
    cout << "字符指针和字符串的转换:"  <<endl;  
    string s1 = "abcdefg";  //初始化字符串  
  
    cout << "string转换为char*:"  <<endl;  
    //string转换为char*  
    cout << s1.c_str() <<endl;  //s1.c_str()即为s1的char *形式  
  
    cout << "char*获取string内容:"  <<endl;  
    //char*获取string内容  
    char buf[64] = {0};  
    s1.copy(buf, 7);//复制7个元素  
    cout << buf <<endl;  
}  
  
//字符串连接  
void strAdd()  
{  
    cout << "字符串连接:"  <<endl;  
  
    cout << "方式1:"  <<endl;  
    string s1 = "123";  
    string s2 = "456";  
    s1 += s2;  
    cout << "s1 = "<< s1 << endl;  
  
    cout << "方式2:"  <<endl;  
    string s3 = "123";  
    string s4 = "456";  
    s3.append(s4);  
    cout << "s3 = "<< s3 << endl;  
}  
int main()  
{  
    //初始化  
    strInit();  
    cout << endl;  
    //遍历  
    strErgo();  
    cout << endl;  
    //字符指针类型和字符串转换  
    strConvert();  
    cout << endl;  
    //字符串连接  
    strAdd();  
    cout << endl;  
    system("pause");  
    return 0;  
}  

结果

字符串初始化:  
s1 = abcdefg  
s2 = abcdefg  
s3 = abcdefg  
s4 = sssssss  
  
字符串遍历:  
1、通过数组方式遍历:  
a b c d e f g  
2、通过迭代器遍历:  
a b c d e f g  
3、通过at()方式遍历:  
a b c d e f g  
  
字符指针和字符串的转换:  
string转换为char*:  
abcdefg  
char*获取string内容:  
abcdefg  
  
字符串连接:  
方式1:  
s1 = 123456  
方式2:  
s3 = 123456  

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