VTK修炼之道42：频域处理_高通滤波（理想+巴特沃兹）1.理想高通滤波器2.巴特沃兹高通滤波3.参看资料

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我是靠谱客的博主温柔老鼠，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍VTK修炼之道42：频域处理_高通滤波（理想+巴特沃兹）1.理想高通滤波器2.巴特沃兹高通滤波3.参看资料，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

1.理想高通滤波器

高通滤波与低通滤波正好相反，是频域图像的高频部分通过而抑制低频部分。在图像中图像的边缘对应高频分量，因此高通滤波的效果是图像锐化。同样最简单的高通滤波器是理想高通滤波器。通过设置一个频率阈值，将高于该阈值的频率部分通过，而低于阈值的低频部分设置为0。

VTK中理想高通滤波的实例如下：

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL);

#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkJPEGReader.h>
#include <vtkImageFFT.h>
#include <vtkImageIdealHighPass.h>
#include <vtkImageRFFT.h>
#include <vtkImageCast.h>
#include <vtkImageExtractComponents.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkImageActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleImage.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkJPEGReader> reader =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkJPEGReader>::New();
	reader->SetFileName("lena.jpg");
	reader->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageFFT> fftFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageFFT>::New();
	fftFilter->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
	fftFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageIdealHighPass> highPassFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageIdealHighPass>::New();
	highPassFilter->SetInputConnection(fftFilter->GetOutputPort());
	highPassFilter->SetXCutOff(0.1);
	highPassFilter->SetYCutOff(0.1);
	highPassFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageRFFT> rfftFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageRFFT>::New();
	rfftFilter->SetInputConnection(highPassFilter->GetOutputPort());
	rfftFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageExtractComponents> ifftExtractReal =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageExtractComponents>::New();
	ifftExtractReal->SetInputConnection(rfftFilter->GetOutputPort());
	ifftExtractReal->SetComponents(0);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageCast> castFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageCast>::New();
	castFilter->SetInputConnection(ifftExtractReal->GetOutputPort());
	castFilter->SetOutputScalarTypeToUnsignedChar();
	castFilter->Update();
	/
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor> originalActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();
	originalActor->SetInputData(reader->GetOutput());

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor> erodedActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();
	erodedActor->SetInputData(castFilter->GetOutput());
	/
	double leftViewport[4] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 };
	double rightViewport[4] = { 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> leftRenderer =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	leftRenderer->AddActor(originalActor);
	leftRenderer->SetViewport(leftViewport);
	leftRenderer->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
	leftRenderer->ResetCamera();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> rightRenderer =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	rightRenderer->AddActor(erodedActor);
	rightRenderer->SetViewport(rightViewport);
	rightRenderer->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
	rightRenderer->ResetCamera();
	/
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> rw =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	rw->SetSize(640, 320);
	rw->AddRenderer(leftRenderer);
	rw->AddRenderer(rightRenderer);
	rw->SetWindowName("IdealHighPassExample");

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> rwi =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage> style =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage>::New();
	rwi->SetInteractorStyle(style);
	rwi->SetRenderWindow(rw);
	rwi->Start();

	return 0;
}

同低通滤波一样，首先将读入图像通过vtkImageFFT转换到频域空间，定义vtkImageIdealHighPass对象，并通过SetXCutOff ()和SetYCutOff() 设置X和Y方向的截止频率。然后通过vtkImageRFFT将处理后的图像转换到空域中，得到高通滤波图像。为了显示的需要，还需要提取图像分量和数据类型的转换。

下面是理想高通滤波的执行结果：

从结果看出高通滤波后图像得到锐化处理，图像中仅剩下边缘。

2.巴特沃兹高通滤波

理想高通滤波器不能通过电子元器件来实现，而且存在振铃现象。在实际中最常使用的高通滤波器是巴特沃斯高通滤波器。该滤波器的转移函数是：

D(u,v)表示频域中点到频域平面的距离，是截止频率。当D(u,v)大于时，对应的H(u,v)逐渐接近1，从而使得高频部分得以通过；而当D(u,v)小于时，H(u,v)逐渐接近0，实现低频部分过滤。巴特沃斯高通滤波器在VTK中对应vtkImageButterworthHighPass类。

下面代码说明了vtkImageButterworthHighPass对图像进行高通滤波：

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL);

#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkJPEGReader.h>
#include <vtkImageFFT.h>
#include <vtkImageButterworthHighPass.h>
#include <vtkImageRFFT.h>
#include <vtkImageExtractComponents.h>
#include <vtkImageCast.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkImageActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleImage.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkJPEGReader> reader =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkJPEGReader>::New();
	reader->SetFileName("lena.jpg");
	reader->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageFFT> fftFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageFFT>::New();
	fftFilter->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
	fftFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageButterworthHighPass> highPassFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageButterworthHighPass>::New();
	highPassFilter->SetInputConnection(fftFilter->GetOutputPort());
	highPassFilter->SetXCutOff(0.1);
	highPassFilter->SetYCutOff(0.1);
	highPassFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageRFFT> rfftFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageRFFT>::New();
	rfftFilter->SetInputConnection(highPassFilter->GetOutputPort());
	rfftFilter->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageExtractComponents> ifftExtractReal =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageExtractComponents>::New();
	ifftExtractReal->SetInputConnection(rfftFilter->GetOutputPort());
	ifftExtractReal->SetComponents(0);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageCast> castFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageCast>::New();
	castFilter->SetInputConnection(ifftExtractReal->GetOutputPort());
	castFilter->SetOutputScalarTypeToUnsignedChar();
	castFilter->Update();
	
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor> originalActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();
	originalActor->SetInputData(reader->GetOutput());

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor> erodedActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();
	erodedActor->SetInputData(castFilter->GetOutput());
	//
	double leftViewport[4] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 };
	double rightViewport[4] = { 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> leftRenderer =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	leftRenderer->AddActor(originalActor);
	leftRenderer->ResetCamera();
	leftRenderer->SetViewport(leftViewport);
	leftRenderer->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> rightRenderer =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	rightRenderer->AddActor(erodedActor);
	rightRenderer->SetViewport(rightViewport);
	rightRenderer->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
	rightRenderer->ResetCamera();
	
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> rw =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	rw->AddRenderer(leftRenderer);
	rw->AddRenderer(rightRenderer);
	rw->SetSize(640, 320);
	rw->Render();
	rw->SetWindowName("Frequency_ButterworthHighPass");
	/
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> rwi =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage> style =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage>::New();
	rwi->SetInteractorStyle(style);
	rwi->SetRenderWindow(rw);
	rwi->Start();

	return 0;
}

vtkImageButterworthHighPass与理想高通滤波使用方法一致。需要设置X和Y轴的截止频率，为了便于比较，其截止频域与理想高通滤波设置一致。

下图是执行结果：