概述
00. 目录
文章目录
- 00. 目录
- 01. GPIO复用概述
- 02. 寄存器描述
- 03. 类型
- 04. 函数
- 05. 参考示例
- 06. 附录
- 07. 声明
01. GPIO复用概述
STM32F4 有很多的内置外设,这些外设的外部引脚都是与 GPIO 复用的。也就是说,一个 GPIO如果可以复用为内置外设的功能引脚,那么当这个 GPIO 作为内置外设使用的时候,就叫做复用。
STM32F4 系列微控制器 IO 引脚通过一个复用器连接到内置外设或模块。该复用器一次只允许一个外设的复用功能(AF)连接到对应的 IO 口。这样可以确保共用同一个 IO 引脚的外设之间不会发生冲突。
每个 IO 引脚都有一个复用器,该复用器采用 16 路复用功能输入(AF0 到 AF15),可通过GPIOx_AFRL(针对引脚 0-7)和 GPIOx_AFRH(针对引脚 8-15)寄存器对这些输入进行配置,每四位控制一路复用
1)完成复位后,所有 IO 都会连接到系统的复用功能 0(AF0)。
2)外设的复用功能映射到 AF1 到 AF13。
3)Cortex-M4 EVENTOUT 映射到 AF15。
02. 寄存器描述
探索者 STM32F407 开发板的原理图上 PC11 的原理图如图 所示:
PC11 可以作为 SPI3_MISO/U3_RX/U4_RX/SDIO_D3/DCMI_D4/I2S3ext_SD等复用功能输出,这么多复用功能,如果这些外设都开启了,那么对 STM32F1 来说,那就可能乱套了,外设之间可互相干扰,但是 STM32F4,由于有复用功能选择功能,可以让 PC11 仅连接到某个特定的外设,因此不存在互相干扰的情况。
GPIO 复用功能低位寄存器 (GPIOx_AFRL) (x = A…I)
GPIO alternate function low register
偏移地址:0x20
复位值:0x0000 0000
GPIO 复用功能高位寄存器 (GPIOx_AFRH) (x = A…I)
GPIO alternate function high register
偏移地址:0x24
复位值:0x0000 0000
在微控制器完成复位后,所有 IO 口都会连接到系统复用功能 0(AF0)。这里大家需要注意,对于系统复用功能 AF0,我们将 IO 口连接到 AF0 之后,还要根据所用功能进行配置:
-
JTAG/SWD:在器件复位之后,会将这些功能引脚指定为专用引脚。也就是说,这些引脚在复位后默认就是 JTAG/SWD 功能。如果我们要作为 GPIO 来使用,就需要对对应的 IO口复用器进行配置。
-
RTC_REFIN:此引脚在系统复位之后要使用的话要配置为浮空输入模式。
-
MCO1 和 MCO2:这些引脚在系统复位之后要使用的话要配置为复用功能模式。
03. 类型
复用功能相关宏
/**
* @brief AF 0 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_RTC_50Hz ((uint8_t)0x00) /* RTC_50Hz Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_MCO ((uint8_t)0x00) /* MCO (MCO1 and MCO2) Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TAMPER ((uint8_t)0x00) /* TAMPER (TAMPER_1 and TAMPER_2) Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SWJ ((uint8_t)0x00) /* SWJ (SWD and JTAG) Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TRACE ((uint8_t)0x00) /* TRACE Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF0_TIM2 ((uint8_t)0x00) /* TIM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
/**
* @brief AF 1 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_TIM1 ((uint8_t)0x01) /* TIM1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM2 ((uint8_t)0x01) /* TIM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF_LPTIM ((uint8_t)0x01) /* LPTIM Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 2 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_TIM3 ((uint8_t)0x02) /* TIM3 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM4 ((uint8_t)0x02) /* TIM4 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM5 ((uint8_t)0x02) /* TIM5 Alternate Function mapping */
/**
* @brief AF 3 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_TIM8 ((uint8_t)0x03) /* TIM8 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM9 ((uint8_t)0x03) /* TIM9 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM10 ((uint8_t)0x03) /* TIM10 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM11 ((uint8_t)0x03) /* TIM11 Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF3_CEC ((uint8_t)0x03) /* CEC Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF3_DFSDM2 ((uint8_t)0x03) /* DFSDM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 4 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_I2C1 ((uint8_t)0x04) /* I2C1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_I2C2 ((uint8_t)0x04) /* I2C2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_I2C3 ((uint8_t)0x04) /* I2C3 Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF4_CEC ((uint8_t)0x04) /* CEC Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx) || defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF_FMPI2C ((uint8_t)0x04) /* FMPI2C Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F446xx */
/**
* @brief AF 5 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_SPI1 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI1/I2S1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SPI2 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI2/I2S2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF5_SPI3 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI3/I2S3 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F411xE and STM32F413_423xx Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF_SPI4 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI4/I2S4 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SPI5 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI5 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SPI6 ((uint8_t)0x05) /* SPI6 Alternate Function mapping */
/**
* @brief AF 6 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_SPI3 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SPI3/I2S3 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF6_SPI1 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SPI1 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F410xx Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF6_SPI2 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SPI2 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F410xx/STM32F411xE Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF6_SPI4 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SPI4 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F411xE Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF6_SPI5 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SPI5 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F410xx/STM32F411xE Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF_SAI1 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* SAI1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_I2S2ext ((uint8_t)0x06) /* I2S2ext_SD Alternate Function mapping (only for STM32F412xG and STM32F413_423xx Devices) */
#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF6_DFSDM1 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* DFSDM1 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF6_DFSDM2 ((uint8_t)0x06) /* DFSDM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 7 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_USART1 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* USART1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_USART2 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* USART2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_USART3 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* USART3 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF7_SPI3 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* SPI3/I2S3ext Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF7_DFSDM2 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* DFSDM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF7_SAI1 ((uint8_t)0x07) /* SAI1 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 7 selection Legacy
*/
#define GPIO_AF_I2S3ext GPIO_AF7_SPI3
/**
* @brief AF 8 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_UART4 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* UART4 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_UART5 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* UART5 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_USART6 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* USART6 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_UART7 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* UART7 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_UART8 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* UART8 Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF8_USART3 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* USART3 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF8_DFSDM1 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* DFSDM Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF8_CAN1 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* CAN1 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF8_SAI2 ((uint8_t)0x08) /* SAI2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SPDIF ((uint8_t)0x08) /* SPDIF Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
/**
* @brief AF 9 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_CAN1 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* CAN1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_CAN2 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* CAN2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM12 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* TIM12 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM13 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* TIM13 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_TIM14 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* TIM14 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF9_I2C2 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* I2C2 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F401xx/STM32F410xx/STM32F411xE/STM32F412xG/STM32F413_423xx Devices) */
#define GPIO_AF9_I2C3 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* I2C3 Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F401xx/STM32F411xE/STM32F412xG and STM32F413_423xx Devices) */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF9_SAI2 ((uint8_t)0x09) /* SAI2 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
#define GPIO_AF9_LTDC ((uint8_t)0x09) /* LTDC Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)
#define GPIO_AF9_QUADSPI ((uint8_t)0x09) /* QuadSPI Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */
#if defined(STM32F410xx) || defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF9_FMPI2C ((uint8_t)0x09) /* FMPI2C Alternate Function mapping (Only for STM32F410xx Devices) */
#endif /* STM32F410xx || STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 10 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_OTG_FS ((uint8_t)0xA) /* OTG_FS Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_OTG_HS ((uint8_t)0xA) /* OTG_HS Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F446xx)
#define GPIO_AF10_SAI2 ((uint8_t)0x0A) /* SAI2 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F446xx */
#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)
#define GPIO_AF10_QUADSPI ((uint8_t)0x0A) /* QuadSPI Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */
#if defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF10_FMC ((uint8_t)0xA) /* FMC Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF10_DFSDM1 ((uint8_t)0xA) /* DFSDM Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF10_DFSDM2 ((uint8_t)0x0A) /* DFSDM2 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF10_SAI1 ((uint8_t)0x0A) /* SAI1 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 11 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_ETH ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* ETHERNET Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF11_UART4 ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* UART4 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF11_UART5 ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* UART5 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF11_UART9 ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* UART9 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF11_UART10 ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* UART10 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF11_CAN3 ((uint8_t)0x0B) /* CAN3 Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 12 selection
*/
#if defined(STM32F40_41xxx) || defined(STM32F412xG) || defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF_FSMC ((uint8_t)0xC) /* FSMC Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F412xG || STM32F413_423xx */
#if defined(STM32F427_437xx) || defined(STM32F429_439xx) || defined(STM32F446xx) || defined(STM32F469_479xx)
#define GPIO_AF_FMC ((uint8_t)0xC) /* FMC Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F446xx || STM32F469_479xx */
#define GPIO_AF_OTG_HS_FS ((uint8_t)0xC) /* OTG HS configured in FS, Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF_SDIO ((uint8_t)0xC) /* SDIO Alternate Function mapping */
/**
* @brief AF 13 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_DCMI ((uint8_t)0x0D) /* DCMI Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F469_479xx)
#define GPIO_AF_DSI ((uint8_t)0x0D) /* DSI Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F469_479xx */
/**
* @brief AF 14 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_LTDC ((uint8_t)0x0E) /* LCD-TFT Alternate Function mapping */
#if defined(STM32F413_423xx)
#define GPIO_AF14_RNG ((uint8_t)0x0E) /* RNG Alternate Function mapping */
#endif /* STM32F413_423xx */
/**
* @brief AF 15 selection
*/
#define GPIO_AF_EVENTOUT ((uint8_t)0x0F) /* EVENTOUT Alternate Function mapping */
#define IS_GPIO_AF(AF) (((AF) == GPIO_AF_RTC_50Hz) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM14) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_MCO) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TAMPER) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_SWJ) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TRACE) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM1) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM2) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM3) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM4) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM5) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM8) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_I2C1) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_I2C2) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_I2C3) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_SPI1) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_SPI2) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM13) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_SPI3) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_TIM14) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_USART1) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_USART2) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_USART3) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_UART4) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_UART5) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_USART6) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_CAN1) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_CAN2) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_OTG_FS) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_OTG_HS) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_ETH) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_OTG_HS_FS) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_SDIO) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_DCMI) ||
((AF) == GPIO_AF_EVENTOUT) || ((AF) == GPIO_AF_FSMC))
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx */
04. 函数
GPIO复用功能函数
/* GPIO Alternate functions configuration function ****************************/
void GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_PinSource, uint8_t GPIO_AF);
05. 参考示例
串口配置
/*GPIOA9 与 GPIOA10 初始化*/
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9 | GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;// 复用功能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//速度 50MHz
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP; //推挽复用输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP; //上拉
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化 PA9,PA10
/*PA9 连接 AF7,复用为 USART1_TX */
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_USART1);
/* PA10 连接 AF7,复用为 USART1_RX*/
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource10,GPIO_AF_USART1);
06. 附录
6.1 【STM32】STM32系列教程汇总
网址:【STM32】STM32系列教程汇总
07. 声明
该教程参考了正点原子的《STM32 F4 开发指南》
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