概述
环境:
ssh server: 192.168.100.29 server.example.com
ssh client: 192.168.100.30 client.example.com
通过root用户建立秘钥认证实现SHELL脚本管理,分发,部署
首先client端创建秘钥对,并将公钥分发给需要登录的SSH服务端
注:公钥相当于锁,私钥相当于钥匙,我们这里相当于在客户端创建一对钥匙和锁,想要做到SSH免密码登录,就相当于我们将锁分发到服务端并装锁,然后客户端就可以利用钥匙开锁。
一.建立秘钥认证
1.在客户端创建秘钥对:(ssh client)
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
一路回车即可
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e9:5e:4a:7f:79:64:c5:ae:f2:06:a7:26:e4:41:5c:0e root@zabbix.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
| |
| E . |
| . + . |
| .o . o|
| S. o |
| . o . + .|
| oo.. B . |
| o +o * + |
| o .+ =. |
+-----------------+
2.查看生成的秘钥对:(ssh client)
# ls -lda .ssh
-----------------
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 6月 6 23:03 .ssh
-----------------
# cd .ssh
# ls -la
------------------
总用量 16
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 6月 6 23:03 .
dr-xr-x---. 26 root root 4096 6月 6 23:03 ..
-rw------- 1 root root 668 6月 6 23:03 id_dsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 613 6月 6 23:03 id_dsa.pub
------------------
秘钥生成完毕
3.将公钥(锁)分发到SSH服务端:(ssh client)
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_dsa.pub 192.168.100.29
注:若非root用户,以及自定义SSH端口,则格式为:
输入yes,然后密码后回车:
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.30 (192.168.100.30)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is fc:9b:2e:38:3b:04:18:67:16:8f:dd:94:a8:bd:08:03.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.30' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Address 192.168.100.30 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
root@192.168.100.30's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.100.30'", and check in:
.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
公钥分发完毕
4.服务端查看收到的分发文件:(ssh server)
# ll /root/.ssh
-------------
总用量 4
-rw------- 1 root root 613 6月 6 23:29 authorized_keys
-------------
成功收到
5.客户端验证登陆:(ssh client)
查看服务端IP地址:
# ssh 192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0
-----------------------
Address 192.168.100.29 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7A:4F:30
inet addr:192.168.100.29 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:4f30/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:184297 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:162028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:163599380 (156.0 MiB) TX bytes:51284830 (48.9 MiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
注:这里遇到警告提示“Address 192.168.100.29 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!”。
解决办法为修改客户端/etc/hosts文件,将服务端的ip地址与主机名对应关系写进去就可以了。
(ssh client)
# echo "192.168.100.29 server.example.com" >> /etc/hosts
重新查看
# ssh 192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0
无错误提示:
--------------------------
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7A:4F:30
inet addr:192.168.100.29 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:4f30/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:184530 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:162264 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:163618650 (156.0 MiB) TX bytes:51304877 (48.9 MiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
---------------------------
查看服务端内存
# ssh 192.168.100.29 free -m
--------------------------
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1006 991 14 0 177 308
-/+ buffers/cache: 506 500
Swap: 1023 6 1017
---------------------------
二.创建SHELL脚本实现批量管理:(ssh client)
1.创建脚本:
# cd /etc/rc.d
# vi manager.sh
------------------
for ip in `cat iplist`
do
echo "---$ip---"
ssh $ip $1
done
------------------
2.生成IP列表:(若有多台SSH服务端需要管理,这里以此类推即可)
# echo 192.168.100.29 >> iplist
# echo 192.168.100.28 >> iplist
。。。。。
# cat iplist
---------------
192.168.100.29
---------------
3.执行脚本:
# sh manager.sh "df -h"
----------------
---192.168.100.29---
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 19G 6.7G 11G 38% /
tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 27M 158M 15% /boot
----------------
管理成功
三.创建SHELL脚本实现批量分发:(ssh client)
1.创建脚本:
# cd /etc/rc.d
# vi distribute.sh
------------------
for ip in `cat iplist`
do
echo "---$ip---"
scp -r -p $1 $ip:$2
done
------------------
脚本IP列表已创建
执行脚本:
将本地/root下文件分发到SSH服务端主机
# sh distribute.sh /root /tmp
------------------
---192.168.100.29---
.ICEauthority 100% 620 0.6KB/s 00:00
install.log.syslog 100% 10KB 10.2KB/s 00:00
preferred-web-browser.desktop 100% 2378 2.3KB/s 00:00
preferred-mail-reader.desktop 100% 257 0.3KB/s 00:00
.converted-launchers 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
.bash_history 100% 3200 3.1KB/s 00:00
.bash_logout 100% 18 0.0KB/s 00:00
applet_dirlist 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
saved_state 100% 65KB 64.5KB/s 00:00
8f329b0c645a51e018b765fa0000001a-0 100% 463 0.5KB/s 00:00
............
------------------
分发成功
四.批量部署:
这里的部署就结合了SHELL脚本批量管理和分发两个功能。
比如你要部署N台SSH服务端批量安装APACHE。
1.写好APACHE安装脚本。
2.将安装脚本分发到SSH服务端。
3.利用SHELL管理远端执行该脚本即可。
这里就不做过多演示,有机会我整理下我的LAMP文档,写个APACHE脚本,在这里演示下。
注:因为涉及风险操作。所以不推荐线上利用root用户进行批量管理操作。
建议设置普通账户,再利用sudo提权操作。
通过普通用户建立秘钥认证并sudo提权进行管理,分发,部署
(ssh server)
# useradd user02
# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user02
(ssh client)
# useradd user01
# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user01
# su - user01
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
注:默认三个回车完成创建
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_dsa.pub user02@192.168.100.29
输入密码123456,分发完毕
验证:
# ssh user02@192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0
返回192.168.100.29端IP即表明秘钥验证成功。
分发:
注:客户端user01用户现在可以免密码分发到服务端user02所属文件夹,但若想分发到root所属文件夹,则需要sudo提权。
1.服务端sudo提权:
# su - root
# echo "user02 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/rsync,/bin/tar,/usr/bin/scp,/bin/cp" >> /etc/sudoers
登录user02账户
# su - user02
查看账户信息:
# sodo -l
----------------
............
User user02 may run the following commands on this host:
(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync, (ALL) /bin/tar, (ALL) /usr/bin/scp,(ALL) /bin/cp
----------------
2.客户端先分发到服务端user02用户家目录:
# scp -P22 -r -p /home/user01/ user02@192.168.100.29:/home/user02
-----------------------------
.bash_logout 100% 18 0.0KB/s 00:00
.bashrc 100% 124 0.1KB/s 00:00
known_hosts 100% 396 0.4KB/s 00:00
id_dsa 100% 672 0.7KB/s 00:00
id_dsa.pub 100% 615 0.6KB/s 00:00
.bash_profile 100% 176 0.2KB/s 00:00
-------------------------------
2.连接服务端后执行sudo cp命令执行本地拷贝:
# ssh -t user02@192.168.100.29 sudo cp /home/user02 /etc
-----------------------
Connection to 192.168.100.29 closed.
-----------------------
拷贝成功
注:
# cp /test1 /test2/
是将/test1目录拷贝到/test2/目录下
# cp /test1/ /test2/
是将/test1目录下的所有文件拷贝到/test2/目录下
-------大功告成--------
最后
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