概述
接下来学习的是关于颜色空间方面的知识。
颜色空间也称彩色模型(又称彩色空间或彩色系统），颜色空间有许多种，常用有RGB，HSI，CMY，HSV等。
下面主要了解的是RGB颜色空间和HSI颜色空间两种。
- RGB颜色空间模型
RGB（Red、Green、Blue)颜色空间模型通过红、绿、蓝三原色来对颜色进行描述。以R(Red红)、G(Green绿)、B(Blue蓝)三原色为基础，不同程度地进行叠加，从而得到多彩的颜色，因此一般称为三基色模式，根据其亮度不同每种颜色可分为256个等级，RGB颜色空间模型能够用一个立方体来模拟，如下图所示。
- HSI颜色空间模型
HSI（Hue、Saturation、Intensity）颜色空间模型基于人的视觉系统，直接采用色调、饱和度和亮度颜色的三要素来表示颜色。其中H决定了彩色颜色的本质，是彩色颜色最本质的性质；S表明颜色的深浅，S越高的话，颜色就越深；I是指人眼对光亮暗的感知水平，HSI颜色空间模型能够用一个圆锥来模拟，如下图所示。
由RGB颜色空间模型转化到HSI颜色空间模型的公式如下：
其中，
实例一： 提取一张彩色图像的R、G、B三分量图像。
第一步：GUIDE画界面。
第二步：编辑代码。
function varargout = R(varargin)
%R MATLAB code file for R.fig
% R, by itself, creates a new R or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = R returns the handle to a new R or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% R('Property','Value',...) creates a new R using the
% given property value pairs. Unrecognized properties are passed via
% varargin to R_OpeningFcn. This calling syntax produces a
% warning when there is an existing singleton*.
%
% R('CALLBACK') and R('CALLBACK',hObject,...) call the
% local function named CALLBACK in R.M with the given input
% arguments.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help R
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 03-Aug-2019 19:11:02
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @R_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @R_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [], ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before R is made visible.
function R_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin unrecognized PropertyName/PropertyValue pairs from the
% command line (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for R
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes R wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = R_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in open.
function open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to open (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.bmp;*.jpg;*.png;*.jpeg;*.tif;*.gif;*.Image files'},'载入图像');%选择路径打开图像
str=[pathname filename]; %打开图像
im=imread(str); %打开axes1的句柄 进行axes1的操作
axes(handles.axes1); %在axes1中显示图像
imshow(im);
handles.img=im; %把图像发给handles.img
%图像处理部分
axes(handles.axes2);
r=im(:,:,1);
imshow(r);
axes(handles.axes3);
g=im(:,:,2);
imshow(g);
axes(handles.axes4);
b=im(:,:,3);
imshow(b);
% --- Executes on button press in exit.
function exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to exit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
clc %清除指令窗
close all %关闭所有句柄可见的窗口
close(gcf) %关闭当前窗口
clear %清除内存变量和函数
% --- Executes on button press in save_R.
function save_R_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to save_R (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[FileName,PathName] =uiputfile({'*.jpg','JPEG(*.jpg)';'*.bmp','Bitmap(*.bmp)';'*.gif','GIF(*.gif)';'*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'},'Save Picture','Untitled');
if FileName==0
return;
else
h=getframe(handles.axes2);
imwrite(h.cdata,[PathName,FileName]);
end
% --- Executes on button press in save_G.
function save_G_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to save_G (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[FileName,PathName] =uiputfile({'*.jpg','JPEG(*.jpg)';'*.bmp','Bitmap(*.bmp)';'*.gif','GIF(*.gif)';'*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'},'Save Picture','Untitled');
if FileName==0
return;
else
h=getframe(handles.axes3);
imwrite(h.cdata,[PathName,FileName]);
end
% --- Executes on button press in save_B.
function save_B_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to save_B (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[FileName,PathName] =uiputfile({'*.jpg','JPEG(*.jpg)';'*.bmp','Bitmap(*.bmp)';'*.gif','GIF(*.gif)';'*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'},'Save Picture','Untitled');
if FileName==0
return;
else
h=getframe(handles.axes4);
imwrite(h.cdata,[PathName,FileName]);
end
第三步：运行。
第四步：在完成GUI界面创建后，对所创建界面的效果进行试验。点击“选择图片”按钮在文件夹中选择一张需要处理的图像，随后可以在界面上得到三张分量图像，点击“保存R分量图像”或“保存G分量图像”或“保存B分量图像”按钮可以保存按钮对应上方画布中的图像，点击“退出”按钮可以退出界面。
实例二： 显示一张彩色图像R、G、B三分量图像的直方图。
第一步：GUIDE画界面。
第二步：编辑代码。
function varargout = RGBzhifangtu(varargin)
% RGBZHIFANGTU MATLAB code for RGBzhifangtu.fig
% RGBZHIFANGTU, by itself, creates a new RGBZHIFANGTU or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = RGBZHIFANGTU returns the handle to a new RGBZHIFANGTU or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% RGBZHIFANGTU('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in RGBZHIFANGTU.M with the given input arguments.
%
% RGBZHIFANGTU('Property','Value',...) creates a new RGBZHIFANGTU or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before RGBzhifangtu_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to RGBzhifangtu_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help RGBzhifangtu
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 03-Aug-2019 19:31:28
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @RGBzhifangtu_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @RGBzhifangtu_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before RGBzhifangtu is made visible.
function RGBzhifangtu_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to RGBzhifangtu (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for RGBzhifangtu
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes RGBzhifangtu wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = RGBzhifangtu_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in open.
function open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to open (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.bmp;*.jpg;*.png;*.jpeg;*.tif;*.gif;*.Image files'},'载入图像');%选择路径打开图像
if isequal(filename,0)||isequal(pathname,0)%若filename为0或pathname为0，即未选中文件
errordlg('未选中文件','警告');%建立一个名为警告的错误对话框，内容为“未选中文件”
return;
end
str=[pathname,filename];%将文件名和目录名组合成一个完整的路径
x=imread(str);%读入图像
axes(handles.axes1);%定义图形区域axes1
imshow(x);%显示图像
handles.img=x;%把图像发给handles.img
guidata(hObject,handles);%把handles句柄更新
% --- Executes on button press in exit.
function exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to exit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
clc %清除指令窗
close all %关闭所有句柄可见的窗口
close(gcf) %关闭当前窗口
clear %清除内存变量和函数
% --- Executes on button press in zhifangtu_R.
function zhifangtu_R_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to zhifangtu_R (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes2);
a=imhist(handles.img(:,:,1));%直方图统计
a1=a(1:10:256);
horz=1:10:256;
bar(horz,a1);
set(handles.axes2,'xtick',0:50:255);
% --- Executes on button press in zhifangtu_G.
function zhifangtu_G_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to zhifangtu_G (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes3);
a=imhist(handles.img(:,:,2));%直方图统计
a1=a(1:10:256);
horz=1:10:256;
bar(horz,a1);
set(handles.axes2,'xtick',0:50:255);
% --- Executes on button press in zhifangtu_B.
function zhifangtu_B_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to zhifangtu_B (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes4);
a=imhist(handles.img(:,:,3));%直方图统计
a1=a(1:10:256);
horz=1:10:256;
bar(horz,a1);
set(handles.axes2,'xtick',0:50:255);
第三步：运行。
第四步：在完成GUI界面创建后，对所创建界面的效果进行试验。点击“打开图片”按钮在文件夹中选择一张需要处理的图像，分别点击“R直方图”、“G直方图”和“B直方图”按钮可以依次得到彩色图像R、G、B三分量图像的直方图，点击“退出”按钮可以退出界面。
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