前言：在开发过程中，我们的项目会存在不同的运行环境，比如开发环境、测试环境、生产环境，而我们的项目在不同的环境中，有的配置可能会不一样，比如数据源配置、日志文件配置、以及一些软件运行过程中的基本配置，那每次我们将软件部署到不同的环境时，都需要修改相应的配置文件，这样来回修改，很容易出错，而且浪费劳动力。
profiles的作用：配置一组不同的profile剖面，以实现根据环境参数或命令行参数，激活指定的profile，从而达到动态控制项目的构建过程。
先查看一下官网对profile子节点的一些介绍：
id：profile的唯一标识，可用于命令行激活，如，mvn pacakge -Pmyid，即打包时指定使用id为myid的profile
activation：激活器，定义了自动触发此profile的条件逻辑
properties：自定义的可以在整个POM中作为替换使用的字段，如果启用，通常用作过滤器。格式是<name>value</name>
只介绍这三个，再对activation的子节点介绍一下：
activeByDefault：设为true，此profile将默认被激活，除非另一个profile激活通过命令行-P的方式或被其激活器激活
property：指定其定义的系统属性时，将激活此profile，其定义格式：
<name>xxx</name> 定义属性的名称
<value>yyy</value> 如果value为null，则只需定义该名称的属性存在即可激活。否则会进行值的完全匹配。
其他如 jdk（当前环境jdk版本），os，file这些节点的意义暂不做介绍，可参考官方文档。
maven的profile用法有许多种，但基本原理就是根据激活环境的不同，自定义字段被赋予不同的值。
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeBydefault>true</activeBydefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.complier.source>1.8<maven.complier.source>
<maven.complier.target>1.8<maven.complier.target>
<maven.complier.complierVersion>1.8<maven.complier.complierVersion>
</properties>
</profile>其实介绍到这里，基本概念已经说的差不多了，关于其应用，我手里也没什么好的实例，我觉得这篇博文的例子挺好的
https://blog.csdn.net/java_collect/article/details/83870215
另外我是在学习nacos时决定刷一下这方面的知识，所以贴上他们的pom文件以供参考
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<inceptionYear>2018</inceptionYear>
<groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-all</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>Alibaba NACOS ${project.version}</name>
<description>Top Nacos project pom.xml file</description>
<url>http://nacos.io</url>
<prerequisites>
<maven>3.2.5</maven>
</prerequisites>
<scm>
<url>git@github.com:alibaba/nacos.git</url>
<connection>scm:git@github.com:alibaba/nacos.git</connection>
<developerConnection>scm:git@github.com:alibaba/nacos.git</developerConnection>
<tag>nacos-all-1.0.1</tag>
</scm>
<mailingLists>
<mailingList>
<name>Development List</name>
<subscribe>dev-nacos+subscribe@googlegroups.com</subscribe>
<unsubscribe>dev-nacos+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com</unsubscribe>
<post>dev-nacos@googlegroups.com</post>
</mailingList>
<mailingList>
<name>User List</name>
<subscribe>users-nacos+subscribe@googlegroups.com</subscribe>
<unsubscribe>users-nacos+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com</unsubscribe>
<post>users-nacos@googlegroups.com</post>
</mailingList>
<mailingList>
<name>Commits List</name>
<subscribe>commits-nacos+subscribe@googlegroups.com</subscribe>
<unsubscribe>commits-nacos+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com</unsubscribe>
<post>commits-nacos@googlegroups.com</post>
</mailingList>
</mailingLists>
<developers>
<developer>
<id>Alibaba Nacos</id>
<name>Nacos</name>
<url>http://nacos.io</url>
<email>nacos_dev@linux.alibaba.com</email>
</developer>
</developers>
<licenses>
<license>
<name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
<url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
<distribution>repo</distribution>
</license>
</licenses>
<organization>
<name>Alibaba Group</name>
<url>https://github.com/alibaba</url>
</organization>
<issueManagement>
<system>github</system>
<url>https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/issues</url>
</issueManagement>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- Maven properties -->
<maven.test.skip>false</maven.test.skip>
<maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
<!-- Compiler settings properties -->
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<sonar.java.coveragePlugin>jacoco</sonar.java.coveragePlugin>
<!-- Exclude all generated code -->
<sonar.jacoco.itReportPath>${project.basedir}/../test/target/jacoco-it.exec</sonar.jacoco.itReportPath>
<sonar.exclusions>file:**/generated-sources/**,**/test/**</sonar.exclusions>
</properties>
<!-- == -->
<!-- =========================================================Build plugins================================================ -->
<!-- == -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>versions-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>com.github.vongosling</groupId>
<artifactId>dependency-mediator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>clirr-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>enforce-ban-circular-dependencies</id>
<goals>
<goal>enforce</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<rules>
<banCircularDependencies/>
</rules>
<fail>true</fail>
</configuration>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>extra-enforcer-rules</artifactId>
<version>1.0-beta-4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<compilerVersion>${maven.compiler.source}</compilerVersion>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.10.4</version>
<configuration>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-javadocs</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8</version>
<configuration>
<rulesets>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-comment.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-concurrent.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-constant.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-exception.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-flowcontrol.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-naming.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-oop.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-orm.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-other.xml</ruleset>
<ruleset>rulesets/java/ali-set.xml</ruleset>
</rulesets>
<printFailingErrors>true</printFailingErrors>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>check</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.p3c</groupId>
<artifactId>p3c-pmd</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.rat</groupId>
<artifactId>apache-rat-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.12</version>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>.editorconfig</exclude>
<exclude>.travis.yml</exclude>
<exclude>CONTRIBUTING.md</exclude>
<exclude>CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md</exclude>
<exclude>CHANGELOG.md</exclude>
<exclude>style/codeStyle.md</exclude>
<exclude>REPORTING-BUGS.md</exclude>
<exclude>README.md</exclude>
<exclude>.github/**/*</exclude>
<exclude>src/main/resources/**</exclude>
<exclude>src/test/**</exclude>
<exclude>bin/*</exclude>
<exclude>conf/*</exclude>
<exclude>derby.log</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
<configuration>
<!-- We are not suppose to setup the customer resources here -->
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eluder.coveralls</groupId>
<artifactId>coveralls-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.7.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-prepare-agent</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<destFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco.exec</destFile>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-prepare-agent-integration</id>
<phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent-integration</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<destFile>${project.build.directory}/jacoco-it.exec</destFile>
<propertyName>failsafeArgLine</propertyName>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-report</id>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-report-integration</id>
<goals>
<goal>report-integration</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20</version>
<configuration>
<forkCount>1</forkCount>
<reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
<testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.4</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.sonarsource.scanner.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>sonar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk7</id>
<activation>
<jdk>[1.7,)</jdk>
</activation>
<!-- Disable doclint under JDK 8 -->
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.10.4</version>
<configuration>
<additionalparam>-Xdoclint:none</additionalparam>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.10.4</version>
<configuration>
<additionalparam>-Xdoclint:none</additionalparam>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>release-sign-artifacts</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>performRelease</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.javadoc.skip>false</maven.javadoc.skip>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>sign-artifacts</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>sign</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>it-test</id>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.19.1</version>
<configuration>
<argLine>@{failsafeArgLine}</argLine>
<argLine>-Dnacos.standalone=true</argLine>
<includes>
<include>**/*ITCase.java</include>
</includes>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>sonar-apache</id>
<properties>
<!-- URL of the ASF SonarQube server -->
<sonar.host.url>https://builds.apache.org/analysis</sonar.host.url>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.4</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
<!-- 子模块管理 -->
<modules>
<module>config</module>
<module>core</module>
<module>naming</module>
<module>address</module>
<module>test</module>
<module>api</module>
<module>client</module>
<module>example</module>
<module>common</module>
<module>distribution</module>
<module>console</module>
<module>cmdb</module>
</modules>
<!-- 所有的子项目默认依赖 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 管理依赖版本号,子项目不会默认依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<!-- Import dependency management from Spring Boot -->
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Internal libs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-config</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-core</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-naming</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-test</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-common</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-cmdb</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-console</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-distribution</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-example</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Alibaba libs-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.58</version>
</dependency>
<!-- javax libs-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.ws.rs</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache commons -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-cli</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-cli</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging libs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.11.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.11.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- HTTP client libs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
<version>4.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ning</groupId>
<artifactId>async-http-client</artifactId>
<version>1.7.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JDBC libs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
<artifactId>derby</artifactId>
<version>10.10.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Third-party libs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.jcip</groupId>
<artifactId>jcip-annotations</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
<version>0.10.5</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.0.42.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.mina</groupId>
<artifactId>mina-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-RC1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>19.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javatuples</groupId>
<artifactId>javatuples</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.keran213539</groupId>
<artifactId>commonOkHttp</artifactId>
<version>0.4.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<distributionManagement>
<snapshotRepository>
<!-- 这里的ID一定要在maven setting文件中存在于server下的ID -->
<id>sona</id>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
</snapshotRepository>
<repository>
<id>sona</id>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
</project>
最后
以上就是粗心小笼包最近收集整理的关于Maven 之 profile 学习的全部内容，更多相关Maven内容请搜索靠谱客的其他文章。
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