概述
一、Quartz简介
1. Quartz
Quartz是OpenSymphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域又一个开源项目,它可以与J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。Quartz可以用来创建简单或为运行十个,百个,甚至是好几万个Jobs这样复杂的日程序表。Jobs可以做成标准的Java组件或 EJBs。
Quartz是一个任务日程管理系统,一个在预先确定(被纳入日程)的时间到达时,负责执行(或者通知)其他软件组件的系统。
Quartz用一个小Java库发布文件(.jar文件),这个库文件包含了所有Quartz核心功能。这些功能的主要接口(API)是Scheduler接口。
2. Quartz核心接口
Scheduler – 核心调度器
Job – 任务
JobDetail – 任务描述
Trigger -- 触发器
Job和JobDetail是同时相互依赖存在的,和触发器一起注册到核心调度器。
Quartz的执行过程: Scheduler--> Trigger --> JobDetail --> Job
3. Tigger
SimpleTrigger
CronTrigger
SimpleTrigger
SimpleTrigger用来触发只需执行一次或者在给定时间触发并且重复N次且每次执行延迟一定时间的任务。
CronTrigger
像日历那样按日程来触发任务,而不是像SimpleTrigger 那样每隔特定的间隔时间触发,CronTriggers通常比SimpleTrigger更有用。
二、Cron Expressions
1. CronTrigger
CronTriggers往往比SimpleTrigger更有用,如果您需要基于日历的概念,而非SimpleTrigger完全指定的时间间隔,复发的发射工作的时间表。
CronTrigger,你可以指定触发的时间表如“每星期五中午”,或“每个工作日9:30时”,甚至“每5分钟一班9:00和10:00逢星期一上午,星期三星期五“。
即便如此,SimpleTrigger一样,CronTrigger拥有的startTime指定的时间表时生效,指定的时间表时,应停止(可选)结束时间。
2. Cron Expressions
cron的表达式被用来配置CronTrigger实例。 cron的表达式是字符串,实际上是由七子表达式,描述个别细节的时间表。这些子表达式是分开的空白,代表:
1 . 1. Seconds
2 . 2. Minutes
3 . 3. Hours
4 . 4. Day-of-Month
5 . 5. Month
6 . 6. Day-of-Week
7 . 7. Year (可选字段)
例: "0 0 12 ? * WED" 在每星期三下午12:00 执行。
个别子表达式可以包含范围, 例如,在前面的例子里("WED")可以替换成 "MON-FRI", "MON, WED, FRI"甚至"MON-WED,SAT".
“*” 代表整个时间段.
每一个字段都有一套可以指定有效值,如
Seconds (秒):可以用数字0-59 表示,
Minutes(分):可以用数字0-59 表示,
Hours(时):可以用数字0-23表示,
Day-of-Month(天):可以用数字1-31 中的任一一个值,但要注意一些特别的月份
Month(月):可以用0-11 或用字符串 “JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV and DEC” 表示
Day-of-Week(每周):可以用数字1-7表示(1 = 星期日)或用字符口串“SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI and SAT”表示
“/”:为特别单位,表示为“每”如“0/15”表示每隔15分钟执行一次,“0”表示为从“0”分开始, “3/20”表示表示每隔20分钟执行一次,“3”表示从第3分钟开始执行
“?”:表示每月的某一天,或第周的某一天
“L”:用于每月,或每周,表示为每月的最后一天,或每个月的最后星期几如“6L”表示“每月的最后一个星期五”
“W”:表示为最近工作日,如“15W”放在每月(day-of-month)字段上表示为“到本月15日最近的工作日”
““#”:是用来指定“的”每月第n个工作日,例 在每周(day-of-week)这个字段中内容为"6#3" or "FRI#3" 则表示“每月第三个星期五”
1). Cron表达式的格式:秒 分 时 日 月 周 年(可选)。
字段名
允许的值
允许的特殊字符
秒
0-59
, - * /
分
0-59
, - * /
小时
0-23
, - * /
日
1-31
, - * ? / L W C
月
1-12 or JAN-DEC
, - * /
周几
1-7 or SUN-SAT
, - * ? / L C #
年(可选字段)
empty, 1970-2099
, - * /
“?”字符:表示不确定的值
“,”字符:指定数个值
“-”字符:指定一个值的范围
“/”字符:指定一个值的增加幅度。n/m表示从n开始,每次增加m
“L”字符:用在日表示一个月中的最后一天,用在周表示该月最后一个星期X
“W”字符:指定离给定日期最近的工作日(周一到周五)
“#”字符:表示该月第几个周X。6#3表示该月第3个周五
2). Cron表达式范例:
每隔5秒执行一次:/5 * ?
每隔1分钟执行一次:0 /1 ?
每天23点执行一次:0 0 23 ?
每天凌晨1点执行一次:0 0 1 ?
每月1号凌晨1点执行一次:0 0 1 1 * ?
每月最后一天23点执行一次:0 0 23 L * ?
每周星期天凌晨1点实行一次:0 0 1 ? * L
在26分、29分、33分执行一次:0 26,29,33 * ?
每天的0点、13点、18点、21点都执行一次:0 0 0,13,18,21 ?
三、Quartz 触发器Tigger的简单案例
前面对Tigger进行过简单描述,现在用Demo进行演示
Quartz的Maven依赖
org.quartz-scheduler
quartz
2.2.1
1 . 实现一个Job接口
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package org.ouhei.quartz.example;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
/**
*
* This is just a simple job that says "Hello" to the world.
*
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class HelloJob implements Job {
private static Logger _log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloJob.class);
/**
*
* Empty constructor for job initilization
*
*
* Quartz requires a public empty constructor so that the
* scheduler can instantiate the class whenever it needs.
*
*/
public HelloJob() {
}
/**
*
* Called by the {@link org.quartz.Scheduler}
when a
* {@link org.quartz.Trigger}
fires that is associated with
* the Job
.
*
*
* @throws JobExecutionException
* if there is an exception while executing the job.
*/
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
throws JobExecutionException {
// Say Hello to the World and display the date/time
_log.info("Hello World! - " + new Date());
}
}
2 . SimpleTrigger触发器进行模拟
SimpleExample代码
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package org.ouhei.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
* a job to run in Quartz.
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class SimpleExample {
public void run() throws Exception {
Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleExample.class);
log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
// 定义调度器
SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
// 获取当前时间的下一分钟
Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");
// 定义job
// 在quartz中,有组的概念,组+job名称 唯一的
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 定义触发器,在下一分钟启动
Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startAt(runTime).build();
// 将job注册到调度器
sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
// 启动调度器
sched.start();
log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
// 等待65秒
log.info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------");
try {
// wait 65 seconds to show job
Thread.sleep(65L * 1000L);
// executing...
} catch (Exception e) {
//
}
// 关闭调度器
log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
sched.shutdown(true);
log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
example.run();
}
}
3 . 添加日志文件log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1
log4j.logger.com.taotao = DEBUG
log4j.logger.org.mybatis = DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
运行main方法,观察控制台。
如果模拟CronTrigger触发器,把上述的SimpleExample代码用SimpleCronExample代码替换
SimpleCronExample代码:
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package org.ouhei.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
* a job to run in Quartz.
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class SimpleCronExample {
public void run() throws Exception {
Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCronExample.class);
log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
// 定义调度器
SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
// 获取当前时间的下一分钟
Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");
// 定义job
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 定义触发器,每2秒执行一次
Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/1 * * * ?")).build();
// 将job注册到调度器
sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
// 启动调度器
sched.start();
log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
// 等待1分钟
log.info("------- Waiting 60 seconds... -------------");
try {
Thread.sleep(60L * 1000L);
} catch (Exception e) {
//
}
// 关闭调度器
log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
sched.shutdown(true);
log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SimpleCronExample example = new SimpleCronExample();
example.run();
}
}
四、spring整合Quartz
前面用案例介绍过SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger,
下面用spring整合Quartz,分四步:
导入依赖
编写Job
编写spring配置文件
启动spring容器(启动调度器)
1. 导入maven依赖
4.0.0
org.ouhei.quartz
ouhei-quartz
1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
org.springframework
spring-context-support
4.0.6.RELEASE
org.quartz-scheduler
quartz
2.2.1
org.slf4j
slf4j-log4j12
1.7.7
org.springframework
spring-tx
4.0.6.RELEASE
2. 编写Job
package org.ouhei.quartz;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
/**
* QuartzJobBean实现了Job接口
*
*/
public class MyJob extends QuartzJobBean {
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("myJob 执行了............." + context.getTrigger().getKey().getName());
ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap()
.get("applicationContext");
System.out.println("获取到的Spring容器是: " + applicationContext);
}
}
3. 编写spring配置文件applicationContext-scheduler.xml
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
4. 启动spring容器(启动调度器)
package org.ouhei.quartz;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext-scheduler.xml");
}
}
5. 添加日志文件
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1
log4j.logger.com.taotao = DEBUG
log4j.logger.org.mybatis = DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
最后
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