java-通过类实现验证码（一）

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我是靠谱客的博主积极银耳汤，这篇文章主要介绍java-通过类实现验证码（一），现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

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 package com.jadyer.util;  
   
 import java.awt.Color;  
 import java.awt.Font;  
 import java.awt.Graphics;  
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;  
 import java.io.File;  
 import java.io.IOException;  
 import java.util.Random;  
   
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;  
   
 /** 
  * 验证码生成器 
  * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  * @see 可生成数字、大写、小写字母及三者混合类型的验证码 
  * @see 支持自定义验证码字符数量,支持自定义验证码图片的大小,支持自定义需排除的特殊字符,支持自定义干扰线的数量,支持自定义验证码图文颜色 
  * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  * @see 另外,给Shiro加入验证码有多种方式,也可以通过继承修改FormAuthenticationFilter类,通过Shiro去验证验证码 
  * @see 而这里既然使用了SpringMVC,也为了简化操作,就使用此工具生成验证码,并在Controller中处理验证码的校验 
  * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  * @create Sep 29, 2013 4:23:13 PM 
  * @author 玄玉<http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer> 
  */  
 public class VerifyCodeUtil {  
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为仅数字,即0~9 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_NUM_ONLY = 0;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为仅字母,即大小写字母混合 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_LETTER_ONLY = 1;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为数字和大小写字母混合 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_ALL_MIXED = 2;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为数字和大写字母混合 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_NUM_UPPER = 3;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为数字和小写字母混合 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_NUM_LOWER = 4;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为仅大写字母 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_UPPER_ONLY = 5;  
   
     /** 
      * 验证码类型为仅小写字母 
      */  
     public static final int TYPE_LOWER_ONLY = 6;  
   
     private VerifyCodeUtil(){}  
       
     /** 
      * 生成随机颜色 
      */  
     private static Color generateRandomColor() {  
         Random random = new Random();  
         return new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255));  
     }  
       
       
     /** 
      * 生成图片验证码 
      * @param type           验证码类型,参见本类的静态属性 
      * @param length         验证码字符长度,要求大于0的整数 
      * @param excludeString  需排除的特殊字符 
      * @param width          图片宽度(注意此宽度若过小,容易造成验证码文本显示不全,如4个字符的文本可使用85到90的宽度) 
      * @param height         图片高度 
      * @param interLine      图片中干扰线的条数 
      * @param randomLocation 每个字符的高低位置是否随机 
      * @param backColor      图片颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @param foreColor      字体颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @param lineColor      干扰线颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @return 图片缓存对象 
      */  
     public static BufferedImage generateImageCode(int type, int length, String excludeString, int width, int height, int interLine, boolean randomLocation, Color backColor, Color foreColor, Color lineColor){  
         String textCode = generateTextCode(type, length, excludeString);  
         return generateImageCode(textCode, width, height, interLine, randomLocation, backColor, foreColor, lineColor);  
     }  
       
   
     /** 
      * 生成验证码字符串 
      * @param type          验证码类型,参见本类的静态属性 
      * @param length        验证码长度,要求大于0的整数 
      * @param excludeString 需排除的特殊字符（无需排除则为null） 
      * @return 验证码字符串 
      */  
     public static String generateTextCode(int type, int length, String excludeString){  
         if(length <= 0){  
             return "";  
         }  
         StringBuffer verifyCode = new StringBuffer();  
         int i = 0;  
         Random random = new Random();  
         switch(type){  
             case TYPE_NUM_ONLY:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(10);  
                     //排除特殊字符  
                     if(null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf(t+"")<0) {  
                         verifyCode.append(t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_LETTER_ONLY:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(123);  
                     if((t>=97 || (t>=65&&t<=90)) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_ALL_MIXED:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(123);  
                     if((t>=97 || (t>=65&&t<=90) || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_NUM_UPPER:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(91);  
                     if((t>=65 || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_NUM_LOWER:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(123);  
                     if((t>=97 || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_UPPER_ONLY:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(91);  
                     if((t >= 65) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
             case TYPE_LOWER_ONLY:  
                 while(i < length){  
                     int t = random.nextInt(123);  
                     if((t>=97) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){  
                         verifyCode.append((char)t);  
                         i++;  
                     }  
                 }  
             break;  
         }  
         return verifyCode.toString();  
     }  
   
     /** 
      * 已有验证码,生成验证码图片 
      * @param textCode       文本验证码 
      * @param width          图片宽度(注意此宽度若过小,容易造成验证码文本显示不全,如4个字符的文本可使用85到90的宽度) 
      * @param height         图片高度 
      * @param interLine      图片中干扰线的条数 
      * @param randomLocation 每个字符的高低位置是否随机 
      * @param backColor      图片颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @param foreColor      字体颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @param lineColor      干扰线颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 
      * @return 图片缓存对象 
      */  
     public static BufferedImage generateImageCode(String textCode, int width, int height, int interLine, boolean randomLocation, Color backColor, Color foreColor, Color lineColor){  
         //创建内存图像  
         BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);  
         //获取图形上下文  
         Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();  
         //画背景图  
         graphics.setColor(null==backColor ? generateRandomColor() : backColor);  
         graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);  
         //画干扰线  
         Random random = new Random();  
         if(interLine > 0){  
             int x = 0, y = 0, x1 = width, y1 = 0;  
             for(int i=0; i<interLine; i++){  
                 graphics.setColor(null==lineColor ? generateRandomColor() : lineColor);  
                 y = random.nextInt(height);  
                 y1 = random.nextInt(height);  
                 graphics.drawLine(x, y, x1, y1);  
             }  
         }  
         //字体大小为图片高度的80%  
         int fsize = (int)(height * 0.8);  
         int fx = height - fsize;  
         int fy = fsize;  
         //设定字体  
         graphics.setFont(new Font("Default", Font.PLAIN, fsize));  
         //写验证码字符  
         for(int i=0; i<textCode.length(); i++){  
             fy = randomLocation ? (int)((Math.random()*0.3+0.6)*height) : fy;  
             graphics.setColor(null==foreColor ? generateRandomColor() : foreColor);  
             //将验证码字符显示到图象中  
             graphics.drawString(textCode.charAt(i)+"", fx, fy);  
             fx += fsize * 0.9;  
         }  
         graphics.dispose();  
         return bufferedImage;  
     }  
 }  

Controller类中主要方法：

复制代码

<span style="font-size:12px;">/**
* 获取验证码图片和文本(验证码文本会保存在HttpSession中)
*/
@RequestMapping("/getVerifyCodeImage")
public void getVerifyCodeImage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//设置页面不缓存
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtil.generateTextCode(VerifyCodeUtil.TYPE_ALL_MIXED, 4, null);
//将验证码放到HttpSession里面
request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", verifyCode);
System.out.println("本次生成的验证码为[" + verifyCode + "],已存放到HttpSession中");
//设置输出的内容的类型为JPEG图像
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
BufferedImage bufferedImage = VerifyCodeUtil.generateImageCode(verifyCode, 90, 25, 4, true, Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK, null);
//写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
}
/**
* @param request
* @return
* 登录验证
*/
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(HttpServletRequest request)
{
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//返回地址
String returnUrl="/login";
//User user =userService.queryUserByUserName(username);
//获取HttpSession验证码
String verifyCode =(String) request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
//获取用户输入的验证码
String submitCode = WebUtils.getCleanParam(request,"verifyCode");
System.out.println("用户输入的验证码是："+submitCode+";系统生成的验证码是："+verifyCode);
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(submitCode)|| !StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(verifyCode, submitCode))
{
request.setAttribute("login_msg","验证码错误" );
return returnUrl;
}
//根据获取的用户名和密码封装成Token
UsernamePasswordToken token =new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password);
//是否记住用户
token.setRememberMe(true);
//获取当前的subject
Subject subject =SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证开始...");
//在调用了login方法后,SecurityManager会收到AuthenticationToken,并将其发送给已配置的Realm执行必须的认证检查
//每个Realm都能在必要时对提交的AuthenticationTokens作出反应
//所以这一步在调用login(token)方法时,它会走到MyRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法中,具体验证方式详见此方法
subject.login(token);
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证通过!");
returnUrl="/main";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：未知账号");
request.setAttribute("login_msg","未知账号");
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：密码错误");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "密码错误");
}catch (LockedAccountException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：账号被锁定");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "账号被锁定");
}catch (ExcessiveAttemptsException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：错误次数过多");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "密码或用户名输入错误次数过多");
}catch (AuthenticationException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：用户名或密码不正确");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "身份认证失败，用户名或密码不正确");
}
//验证是否登录成功
if(subject.isAuthenticated())
{
System.out.println("用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证通过");
}else
{
token.clear();
}
return returnUrl;
}</span>

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<span style="font-size:12px;">/**
* 获取验证码图片和文本(验证码文本会保存在HttpSession中)
*/
@RequestMapping("/getVerifyCodeImage")
public void getVerifyCodeImage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//设置页面不缓存
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtil.generateTextCode(VerifyCodeUtil.TYPE_ALL_MIXED, 4, null);
//将验证码放到HttpSession里面
request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", verifyCode);
System.out.println("本次生成的验证码为[" + verifyCode + "],已存放到HttpSession中");
//设置输出的内容的类型为JPEG图像
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
BufferedImage bufferedImage = VerifyCodeUtil.generateImageCode(verifyCode, 90, 25, 4, true, Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK, null);
//写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
}
/**
* @param request
* @return
* 登录验证
*/
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(HttpServletRequest request)
{
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//返回地址
String returnUrl="/login";
//User user =userService.queryUserByUserName(username);
//获取HttpSession验证码
String verifyCode =(String) request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
//获取用户输入的验证码
String submitCode = WebUtils.getCleanParam(request,"verifyCode");
System.out.println("用户输入的验证码是："+submitCode+";系统生成的验证码是："+verifyCode);
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(submitCode)|| !StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(verifyCode, submitCode))
{
request.setAttribute("login_msg","验证码错误" );
return returnUrl;
}
//根据获取的用户名和密码封装成Token
UsernamePasswordToken token =new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password);
//是否记住用户
token.setRememberMe(true);
//获取当前的subject
Subject subject =SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证开始...");
//在调用了login方法后,SecurityManager会收到AuthenticationToken,并将其发送给已配置的Realm执行必须的认证检查
//每个Realm都能在必要时对提交的AuthenticationTokens作出反应
//所以这一步在调用login(token)方法时,它会走到MyRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法中,具体验证方式详见此方法
subject.login(token);
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证通过!");
returnUrl="/main";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：未知账号");
request.setAttribute("login_msg","未知账号");
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：密码错误");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "密码错误");
}catch (LockedAccountException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：账号被锁定");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "账号被锁定");
}catch (ExcessiveAttemptsException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：错误次数过多");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "密码或用户名输入错误次数过多");
}catch (AuthenticationException e) {
System.out.println("对用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证,验证未通过!错误：用户名或密码不正确");
request.setAttribute("login_msg", "身份认证失败，用户名或密码不正确");
}
//验证是否登录成功
if(subject.isAuthenticated())
{
System.out.println("用户：["+username+"]进行登录验证通过");
}else
{
token.clear();
}
return returnUrl;
}</span>

jsp页面 login.jsp

复制代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page isELIgnored="false"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
request.setAttribute("home", path);
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en-US">

<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/login/prefixfree.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用户登录</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/login/login.css" type="text/css"></link>
<script type="text/javascript">
var home ="${home}";
var msg ="${login_msg }";
$(function(){
//生成验证码
$('#verifyCodeImage').click(function () {
$(this).hide().attr('src', '<%=path%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage?' + Math.floor(Math.random()*100) ).fadeIn(); });
});
window.onbeforeunload = function(){
//关闭窗口时自动退出
if(event.clientX>360&&event.clientY<0||event.altKey){
alert(parent.document.location);
}
};
function changeCode() {
//刷新
$('#verifyCodeImage').hide().attr('src', '<%=path%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage?' + Math.floor(Math.random()*100) ).fadeIn();
event.cancelBubble=true;
}
if(msg!="")
{
alert(msg);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/member/toLogin" method="post" class="login-form">
<div class="username">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="emma.watson@gmail.com" autocomplete="on" />
<div id="loginMsg"></div>
<span class="user-icon icon">u</span>
</div>
<div class="password">
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="*******" />
<span class="password-icon icon">p</span>
</div>
<div class="code-div">
<input type="text" name="verifyCode" placeholder="请输入验证码" />
<img id="verifyCodeImage"
src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage"/>

</div>
<div class="account-control">
<input type="checkbox" name="rememberMe" id="Remember me" value="Remember me" checked="checked" />
<label for="Remember me" data-on="c" class="check"></label>
<label for="Remember me" class="info">Remember me</label>

<button type="submit">Login</button>
</div>
<p class="not-registered">Not a registered user yet?<a>Sign up now!</a></p>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page isELIgnored="false"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
request.setAttribute("home", path);
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en-US">
<!-- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html> -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/login/prefixfree.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用户登录</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/res/login/login.css" type="text/css"></link>
<script type="text/javascript">
var home ="${home}";
var msg ="${login_msg }";
$(function(){
//生成验证码
$('#verifyCodeImage').click(function () {
$(this).hide().attr('src', '<%=path%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage?' + Math.floor(Math.random()*100) ).fadeIn(); });
});
window.onbeforeunload = function(){
//关闭窗口时自动退出
if(event.clientX>360&&event.clientY<0||event.altKey){
alert(parent.document.location);
}
};
function changeCode() {
//刷新
$('#verifyCodeImage').hide().attr('src', '<%=path%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage?' + Math.floor(Math.random()*100) ).fadeIn();
event.cancelBubble=true;
}
if(msg!="")
{
alert(msg);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/member/toLogin" method="post" class="login-form">
<div class="username">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="emma.watson@gmail.com" autocomplete="on" />
<div id="loginMsg"></div>
<span class="user-icon icon">u</span>
</div>
<div class="password">
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="*******" />
<span class="password-icon icon">p</span>
</div>
<div class="code-div">
<input type="text" name="verifyCode" placeholder="请输入验证码" />
<img id="verifyCodeImage"
src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/member/getVerifyCodeImage"/>
<!--
<a href="javascript:void(0)" οnclick="changeCode()">看不清?换一张</a>
-->
</div>
<div class="account-control">
<input type="checkbox" name="rememberMe" id="Remember me" value="Remember me" checked="checked" />
<label for="Remember me" data-on="c" class="check"></label>
<label for="Remember me" class="info">Remember me</label>
<!--
<input type="hidden" name="rememberMe" value="true"> -->
<button type="submit">Login</button>
</div>
<p class="not-registered">Not a registered user yet?<a>Sign up now!</a></p>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

效果图：

来源：http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/article/details/12185725

main方法小测试一下

[java] 
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 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {  
     String verifyCode = generateTextCode(TYPE_NUM_ONLY, 4, null);  
     System.out.println("verifyCode=" + verifyCode);  
     BufferedImage bufferedImage = generateImageCode(verifyCode, 90, 30, 10, true, Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK, null);  
     ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPEG", new File("C:/Users/Jadyer/Desktop/aa.jpg"));  
 }  