概述
说明:接上一节循环自相关函数和谱相关密度(一)——公式推导
7 BPSK信号谱相关密度函数
7.1 实信号模型
BPSK实信号表达式可以写为
r ( t ) = y ( t ) + n ( t ) r(t) = y(t) + n(t) r(t)=y(t)+n(t)
= s ( t ) p ( t ) + n ( t ) = s(t)p(t) + n(t) =s(t)p(t)+n(t)
= ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ a ( n T ) q ( t − n T − t 0 ) cos ( 2 π f 0 t + θ ) + n ( t ) = sumlimits_{n = - infty }^infty {a(nT)q(t - nT - {t_0})} cos (2pi {f_0}t + theta ){text{ + }}n(t) =n=−∞∑∞a(nT)q(t−nT−t0)cos(2πf0t+θ) + n(t)(22)
其中, t 0 {t_0} t0为起始时间, T T T为符号速率, a ( n ) a(n) a(n)为基带符号序列, f 0 {f_0} f0为载波频率, θ theta θ为初始相位, n ( t ) n(t) n(t)为高斯白噪声, q ( t ) q(t) q(t)为矩形脉冲,其表达式和傅里叶变换为
q ( t ) = { 1 , ∣ t ∣ ≤ T / 2 0 , ∣ t ∣ > T / 2 q(t)=left{begin{array}{ll}1, & |t| leq T / 2 \ 0, & |t|>T / 2end{array}right. q(t)={1,0,∣t∣≤T/2∣t∣>T/2 (23)
Q ( f ) = T Sa ( π f T ) Q(f) = Toperatorname{Sa} (pi fT) Q(f)=TSa(πfT) (24)
且
s ( t ) = ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ a ( n T ) q ( t − n T − t 0 ) s(t) = sumlimits_{n = - infty }^infty {a(nT)q(t - nT - {t_0})} s(t)=n=−∞∑∞a(nT)q(t−nT−t0)
= q ( t − t 0 ) ⊗ ∑ n a ( t ) δ ( t − n T ) = q(t - {t_0}) otimes sumlimits_n {a(t)delta (t - nT)} =q(t−t0)⊗n∑a(t)δ(t−nT)
= q ( t − t 0 ) ⊗ a ^ ( t ) = q(t - {t_0}) otimes hat a(t) =q(t−t0)⊗a^(t) (25)
p ( t ) = cos ( 2 π f 0 t + θ ) p(t) = cos (2pi {f_0}t + theta ) p(t)=cos(2πf0t+θ) (26)
由(21)知,基带脉冲序列 a ( n T ) a(nT) a(nT)的谱相关密度函数为
S ~ a α ( f ) = 1 T ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ ∑ m = − ∞ ∞ S a α + m / T ( f − m 2 T − n T ) tilde S_a^alpha (f) = frac{1}{T}sumlimits_{n = - infty }^infty {sumlimits_{m = - infty }^infty {S_a^{alpha {text{ + }}m/T}(f - frac{m}{{2T}} - frac{n}{T})} } S~aα(f)=T1n=−∞∑∞m=−∞∑∞Saα + m/T(f−2Tm−Tn) (27)
由(19)可知, a ( t ) a(t) a(t)以周期 T T T理想抽样后的谱相关密度函数为
S a ^ α ( f ) = 1 T 2 ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ ∑ m = − ∞ ∞ S a ^ α + m / T ( f − m 2 T − n T ) S_{hat a}^alpha (f) = frac{1}{{{T^2}}}sumlimits_{n = - infty }^infty {sumlimits_{m = - infty }^infty {S_{hat a}^{alpha {text{ + }}m/T}(f - frac{m}{{2T}} - frac{n}{T})} } Sa^α(f)=T21n=−∞∑∞m=−∞∑∞Sa^α + m/T(f−2Tm−Tn) (28)
根据傅里叶变换的时移性质, q ( t − t 0 ) q(t - {t_0}) q(t−t0)的傅里叶变换为 Q ( f ) e − j 2 π f t 0 Q(f){e^{ - j2pi f{t_0}}} Q(f)e−j2πft0,则(5)由可得 s ( t ) s(t) s(t)的谱相关密度函数为
S s α ( f ) = 1 T Q ( f + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f − α / 2 ) e − j 2 π α t 0 S ~ a α ( f ) S_s^alpha (f) = frac{1}{T}Q(f + alpha /2){Q^*}(f - alpha /2){e^{ - j2pi alpha {t_0}}}tilde S_a^alpha (f) Ssα(f)=T1Q(f+α/2)Q∗(f−α/2)e−j2παt0S~aα(f) (29)
考虑 p ( t ) p(t) p(t)的二次变换
v τ ( t ) = p ( t + τ / 2 ) p ∗ ( t − τ / 2 ) {v_tau }(t) = p(t{text{ + }}tau /2){p^*}(t - tau /2) vτ(t)=p(t + τ/2)p∗(t−τ/2)
= 1 4 ( e j 2 π f 0 τ + e − j 2 π f 0 τ + e j ( 4 π f 0 t + 2 θ ) + e − j ( 4 π f 0 t + 2 θ ) ) = frac{1}{4}({e^{j2pi {f_0}tau }} + {e^{ - j2pi {f_0}tau }} + {e^{j(4pi {f_0}t + 2theta )}} + {e^{ - j(4pi {f_0}t + 2theta )}}) =41(ej2πf0τ+e−j2πf0τ+ej(4πf0t+2θ)+e−j(4πf0t+2θ)) (30)
其Fourier级数系数为
⟨ v τ ( t ) e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t = 1 4 e j 2 π f 0 τ ⟨ e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t + 1 4 e − j 2 π f 0 τ ⟨ e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t {leftlangle {{v_tau }(t){e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} = frac{1}{4}{e^{j2pi {f_0}tau }}{leftlangle {{e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} + frac{1}{4}{e^{ - j2pi {f_0}tau }}{leftlangle {{e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} ⟨vτ(t)e−j2παt⟩t=41ej2πf0τ⟨e−j2παt⟩t+41e−j2πf0τ⟨e−j2παt⟩t
+ 1 4 e − j 2 θ ⟨ e − j 2 π ( α + 2 f 0 ) t ⟩ t + 1 4 e j 2 θ ⟨ e − j 2 π ( α − 2 f 0 ) t ⟩ t + frac{1}{4}{e^{ - j2theta }}{leftlangle {{e^{ - j2pi (alpha + 2{f_0})t}}} rightrangle _t} + frac{1}{4}{e^{j2theta }}{leftlangle {{e^{ - j2pi (alpha - 2{f_0})t}}} rightrangle _t} +41e−j2θ⟨e−j2π(α+2f0)t⟩t+41ej2θ⟨e−j2π(α−2f0)t⟩t(31)
则 p ( t ) p(t) p(t)的循环自相关函数和谱相关密度函数为
R p α ( τ ) = { 1 4 e ± j 2 θ α = ± 2 f 0 1 2 cos ( 2 π f 0 τ ) α = 0 0 otherwise R_{p}^{alpha}(tau)=left{begin{array}{cc}frac{1}{4} e^{pm j 2 theta} & alpha=pm 2 f_{0} \ frac{1}{2} cos left(2 pi f_{0} tauright) & alpha=0 \ 0 & text { otherwise }end{array}right. Rpα(τ)=⎩⎨⎧41e±j2θ21cos(2πf0τ)0α=±2f0α=0 otherwise (32)
S p α ( f ) = { 1 4 e ± j 2 θ δ ( f ) α = ± 2 f 0 1 4 [ δ ( f + f 0 ) + δ ( f − f 0 ) ] α = 0 0 otherwise S_{p}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{cc}frac{1}{4} e^{pm j 2 theta} delta(f) & alpha=pm 2 f_{0} \ frac{1}{4}left[deltaleft(f+f_{0}right)+deltaleft(f-f_{0}right)right] & alpha=0 \ 0 & text { otherwise }end{array}right. Spα(f)=⎩⎨⎧41e±j2θδ(f)41[δ(f+f0)+δ(f−f0)]0α=±2f0α=0 otherwise (33)
由(12)、(13)得 y ( t ) y(t) y(t)的循环自相关函数为
R y α ( τ ) = ∑ β R p β ( τ ) R s α − β ( τ ) R_y^alpha (tau ) = sumlimits_beta {R_p^beta (tau )R_s^{alpha - beta }(tau )} Ryα(τ)=β∑Rpβ(τ)Rsα−β(τ)
= 1 4 e j 2 θ R s α − 2 f 0 ( τ ) + 1 4 e − j 2 θ R s α + 2 f 0 ( τ ) + 1 2 cos ( 2 π f 0 τ ) R s α ( τ ) = frac{1}{4}{e^{j2theta }}R_s^{alpha - 2{f_0}}(tau ) + frac{1}{4}{e^{ - j2theta }}R_s^{alpha + 2{f_0}}(tau ) + frac{1}{2}cos (2pi {f_0}tau )R_s^alpha (tau ) =41ej2θRsα−2f0(τ)+41e−j2θRsα+2f0(τ)+21cos(2πf0τ)Rsα(τ) (34)
S y α ( f ) = ∑ β S p β ( f ) ⊗ S s α − β ( f ) S_y^alpha (f) = sumlimits_beta {S_p^beta (f) otimes S_s^{alpha - beta }(f)} Syα(f)=β∑Spβ(f)⊗Ssα−β(f)
= 1 4 [ S s α ( f + f 0 ) + S s α ( f − f 0 ) + e j 2 θ S s α − 2 f 0 ( f ) + e − j 2 θ S s α + 2 f 0 ( f ) ] = frac{1}{4}left[ {S_s^alpha (f + {f_0}) + S_s^alpha (f - {f_0}) + {e^{j2theta }}S_s^{alpha - 2{f_0}}(f) + {e^{ - j2theta }}S_s^{alpha + 2{f_0}}(f)} right] =41[Ssα(f+f0)+Ssα(f−f0)+ej2θSsα−2f0(f)+e−j2θSsα+2f0(f)] (35)
将(29)代入(35),得 y ( t ) y(t) y(t)的谱相关密度函数为
S y α ( f ) = 1 4 T { [ Q ( f + f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f + f 0 − α / 2 ) S ~ a α ( f + f 0 ) S_y^alpha (f) = frac{1}{{4T}}{ [Q(f + {f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(f + {f_0} - alpha /2)tilde S_a^alpha (f + {f_0}) Syα(f)=4T1{[Q(f+f0+α/2)Q∗(f+f0−α/2)S~aα(f+f0)
Q ( f − f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f − f 0 − α / 2 ) S ~ a α ( f − f 0 ) ] e − j 2 π α t 0 Q(f - {f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(f - {f_0} - alpha /2)tilde S_a^alpha (f - {f_0})]{e^{ - j2pi alpha {t_0}}} Q(f−f0+α/2)Q∗(f−f0−α/2)S~aα(f−f0)]e−j2παt0
Q ( f + f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f − f 0 − α / 2 ) S ~ a α + 2 f 0 ( f ) e − j [ 2 π ( α + 2 f 0 ) t 0 + 2 θ ] Q(f + {f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(f - {f_0} - alpha /2)tilde S_a^{alpha + 2{f_0}}(f){e^{ - j[2pi (alpha + 2{f_0}){t_0} + 2theta ]}} Q(f+f0+α/2)Q∗(f−f0−α/2)S~aα+2f0(f)e−j[2π(α+2f0)t0+2θ]
Q ( f − f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f + f 0 − α / 2 ) S ~ a α − 2 f 0 ( f ) e − j [ 2 π ( α − 2 f 0 ) t 0 − 2 θ ] } Q(f - {f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(f + {f_0} - alpha /2)tilde S_a^{alpha - 2{f_0}}(f){e^{ - j[2pi (alpha - 2{f_0}){t_0} - 2theta ]}}} Q(f−f0+α/2)Q∗(f+f0−α/2)S~aα−2f0(f)e−j[2π(α−2f0)t0−2θ]} (36)
对于01先验等概的基带符号序列 a ( n ) a(n) a(n),其循环自相关函数为
R ~ a α ( k T ) = lim N → ∞ 1 2 N + 1 ∑ n = − N N a ( n T + k T ) a ( n T ) e − j 2 π α ( n + k / 2 ) T tilde R_a^alpha (kT) = mathop {lim }limits_{N to infty } frac{1}{{2N + 1}}sumlimits_{n = - N}^N {a(nT + kT)a(nT)} {e^{ - j2pi alpha (n + k/2)T}} R~aα(kT)=N→∞lim2N+11n=−N∑Na(nT+kT)a(nT)e−j2πα(n+k/2)T (37)
当且仅当 k = 0 k = 0 k=0且 α = m / T alpha = m/T α=m/T时, R ~ a α ( k T ) = R ~ a ( 0 ) tilde R_a^alpha (kT) = {tilde R_a}(0) R~aα(kT)=R~a(0),则其谱相关密度函数为
S ~ a α ( f ) = { R ~ a ( 0 ) = 1 , α = m / T 0 , α ≠ m / T tilde{S}_{a}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{aligned} tilde{R}_{a}(0)=1, & alpha=m / T \ 0, & alpha neq m / T end{aligned}right. S~aα(f)={R~a(0)=1,0,α=m/Tα=m/T(38)
对于高斯白噪声 n ( t ) n(t) n(t),当且仅当 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0时,其谱相关密度函数不为零,则BPSK实信号的谱相关密度函数为
S r α ( f ) = { S y α ( f ) + S n α ( f ) , α = 0 S y α ( f ) , α ≠ 0 S_{r}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{cc}S_{y}^{alpha}(f)+S_{n}^{alpha}(f), & alpha=0 \ S_{y}^{alpha}(f), & alpha neq 0end{array}right. Srα(f)={Syα(f)+Snα(f),Syα(f),α=0α=0(39)
由此可见,噪声 n ( t ) n(t) n(t)只影响循环频率为零时的截面。
7.2 复信号模型
BPSK复信号表达式可以写为
r ( t ) = y ( t ) + n ( t ) r(t) = y(t) + n(t) r(t)=y(t)+n(t)
= s ( t ) p ( t ) + n ( t ) {text{ = }}s(t)p(t) + n(t) = s(t)p(t)+n(t)
= ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ a ( n T ) q ( t − n T − t 0 ) e j ( 2 π f 0 t + θ ) = sumlimits_{n = - infty }^infty {a(nT)q(t - nT - {t_0})} {e^{j(2pi {f_0}t + theta )}} =n=−∞∑∞a(nT)q(t−nT−t0)ej(2πf0t+θ) (40)
同理, t 0 {t_0} t0为起始时间, T T T为符号速率, a ( n ) a(n) a(n)为基带符号序列, f 0 {f_0} f0为载波频率, θ theta θ为初始相位, n ( t ) n(t) n(t)为高斯白噪声, q ( t ) q(t) q(t)为矩形脉冲。令
p ( t ) = e j ( 2 π f 0 t + θ ) p(t) = {e^{j(2pi {f_0}t + theta )}} p(t)=ej(2πf0t+θ) (41)
同实数信号模型对比,只有 p ( t ) p(t) p(t)发生了改变,其二次变换的其傅里叶级数系数为
⟨ v τ ( t ) e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t = ⟨ p ( t + τ / 2 ) p ∗ ( t − τ / 2 ) e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t {leftlangle {{v_tau }(t){e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} = {leftlangle {p(t{text{ + }}tau /2){p^*}(t - tau /2){e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} ⟨vτ(t)e−j2παt⟩t=⟨p(t + τ/2)p∗(t−τ/2)e−j2παt⟩t
= e j 2 π f 0 τ ⟨ e − j 2 π α t ⟩ t = {e^{j2pi {f_0}tau }}{leftlangle {{e^{ - j2pi alpha t}}} rightrangle _t} =ej2πf0τ⟨e−j2παt⟩t (42)
则 p ( t ) p(t) p(t)的循环自相关函数和谱相关密度函数为
R p α ( τ ) = { e j 2 π f 0 τ α = 0 0 α ≠ 0 R_{p}^{alpha}(tau)=left{begin{array}{cc}e^{j 2 pi f_{0} tau} & alpha=0 \ 0 & alpha neq 0end{array}right. Rpα(τ)={ej2πf0τ0α=0α=0(43)
S p α ( f ) = { δ ( f − f 0 ) α = 0 0 α ≠ 0 S_{p}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{cc}deltaleft(f-f_{0}right) & alpha=0 \ 0 & alpha neq 0end{array}right. Spα(f)={δ(f−f0)0α=0α=0(44)
由(12)、(13)得 y ( t ) y(t) y(t)的循环自相关函数为
R y α ( τ ) = ∑ β R p β ( τ ) R s α − β ( τ ) = e j 2 π f 0 τ R s α ( τ ) R_y^alpha (tau ) = sumlimits_beta {R_p^beta (tau )R_s^{alpha - beta }(tau )} = {e^{j2pi {f_0}tau }}R_s^alpha (tau ) Ryα(τ)=β∑Rpβ(τ)Rsα−β(τ)=ej2πf0τRsα(τ) (45)
S y α ( f ) = ∑ β S p β ( f ) ⊗ S s α − β ( f ) S_y^alpha (f) = sumlimits_beta {S_p^beta (f) otimes S_s^{alpha - beta }(f)} Syα(f)=β∑Spβ(f)⊗Ssα−β(f)
= δ ( f − f 0 ) ⊗ S s α ( f ) = delta (f - {f_0}) otimes S_s^alpha (f) =δ(f−f0)⊗Ssα(f)
= S s α ( f − f 0 ) = S_s^alpha (f - {f_0}) =Ssα(f−f0) (46)
将(29)代入(46),得 y ( t ) y(t) y(t)的谱相关密度函数为
S y α ( f ) = 1 T [ Q ( f − f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( f − f 0 − α / 2 ) e − j 2 π α t 0 S ~ a α ( f − f 0 ) ] S_y^alpha (f) = frac{1}{T}[Q(f - {f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(f - {f_0} - alpha /2){e^{ - j2pi alpha {t_0}}}tilde S_a^alpha (f - {f_0})] Syα(f)=T1[Q(f−f0+α/2)Q∗(f−f0−α/2)e−j2παt0S~aα(f−f0)] (47)
同(39),可得复BPSK信号的谱相关密度函数为
S r α ( f ) = { S y α ( f ) + S n α ( f ) , α = 0 S y α ( f ) , α ≠ 0 S_{r}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{cc}S_{y}^{alpha}(f)+S_{n}^{alpha}(f), & alpha=0 \ S_{y}^{alpha}(f), & alpha neq 0end{array}right. Srα(f)={Syα(f)+Snα(f),Syα(f),α=0α=0(48)
7.3 谱分析
7.3.1 主峰个数
对于实BPSK信号,由(36)、(38)可知,其谱相关密度函数在 f = 0 f = 0 f=0且 α = ± 2 f 0 alpha = pm 2{f_0} α=±2f0处各有一个主峰;在 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0且 f = ± f 0 f = pm {f_0} f=±f0处各有一个主峰,即实BPSK信号共有4个主峰。
对于复BPSK信号,由(47)、(48)可知,其谱相关密度函数只有在 f = f 0 f = {f_0} f=f0且 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0处有一个谱峰。
7.3.2 切面特征
在式(36)中,令 f = 0 f = 0 f=0, α = ± 2 f 0 + m / T alpha = pm 2{f_0} + m/T α=±2f0+m/T得
S y α ( f ) = { 1 4 T ∣ Q ( − f 0 + α / 2 ) ∣ 2 e − j [ 2 π n t 0 / T − 2 θ ] α = 2 f 0 + m / T 1 4 T ∣ Q ( f 0 + α / 2 ) ∣ 2 e − j [ 2 π n t 0 / T + 2 θ ] α = − 2 f 0 + m / T S_{y}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{ll}frac{1}{4 T}left|Qleft(-f_{0}+alpha / 2right)right|^{2} e^{-jleft[2 pi n t_{0} / T-2 thetaright]} & alpha=2 f_{0}+m / T \ frac{1}{4 T}left|Qleft(f_{0}+alpha / 2right)right|^{2} e^{-jleft[2 pi n t_{0} / T+2 thetaright]} & alpha=-2 f_{0}+m / Tend{array}right. Syα(f)={4T1∣Q(−f0+α/2)∣2e−j[2πnt0/T−2θ]4T1∣Q(f0+α/2)∣2e−j[2πnt0/T+2θ]α=2f0+m/Tα=−2f0+m/T(49)
特别地,当 m = 0 m = 0 m=0时,有
S y α ( f ) = { 1 4 T ∣ Q ( 0 ) ∣ 2 e j 2 θ α = 2 f 0 1 4 T ∣ Q ( 0 ) ∣ 2 e − j 2 θ α = − 2 f 0 S_{y}^{alpha}(f)=left{begin{array}{ll}frac{1}{4 T}|Q(0)|^{2} e^{j 2 theta} & alpha=2 f_{0} \ frac{1}{4 T}|Q(0)|^{2} e^{-j 2 theta} & alpha=-2 f_{0}end{array}right. Syα(f)={4T1∣Q(0)∣2ej2θ4T1∣Q(0)∣2e−j2θα=2f0α=−2f0(50)
即在 f = 0 f = 0 f=0切面,其谱相关密度函数幅度最大值出现在循环频率为 α = ± 2 f 0 alpha = pm 2{f_0} α=±2f0处,由此可估计实BPSK信号的载波频率;在其左右偏移符号速率处,出现次峰值,可估计其符号速率,且可根据 α = ± 2 f 0 alpha = pm 2{f_0} α=±2f0处对应的谱相关密度函数的相位来估计初相 θ theta θ。
令 f = ± f 0 f = pm {f_0} f=±f0, α = m / T alpha = m/T α=m/T得
S y α ( f ) = 1 4 T { [ Q ( 2 f 0 + α / 2 ) Q ∗ ( 2 f 0 − α / 2 ) + ∣ Q ( α / 2 ) ∣ 2 ] e − j 2 π α t 0 S_y^alpha (f) = frac{1}{{4T}}{ [Q(2{f_0} + alpha /2){Q^*}(2{f_0} - alpha /2) + |Q(alpha /2){|^2}]{e^{ - j2pi alpha {t_0}}} Syα(f)=4T1{[Q(2f0+α/2)Q∗(2f0−α/2)+∣Q(α/2)∣2]e−j2παt0 (51)
即在 f = ± f 0 f = pm {f_0} f=±f0切面,其谱相关密度函数幅度在循环频率为 α = m / T alpha = m/T α=m/T即符号速率整数倍处出现峰值,在 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0处的峰值最大,由此可估计实BPSK信号的符号速率,此外还可根据符号速率处对应的谱相关密度函数的相位来估计时延 t 0 {t_0} t0;其中,需要注意的是,当频率分辨率远远小于循环频率分辨率,即 Δ f ≫ Δ α Delta f gg Delta alpha Δf≫Δα时,符号速率处对应的峰值才比较明显。
对于复BPSK信号,在式(47)中,令 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0,得
S y α ( f ) = 1 T ∣ Q ( f − f 0 ) | 2 S_y^alpha (f) = frac{1}{T}|Q(f - {f_0}){{text{|}}^2} Syα(f)=T1∣Q(f−f0)|2 (52)
即在 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0切面,其谱相关密度函数幅度只在 f = f 0 f = {f_0} f=f0出现峰值,由此可估计复BPSK信号的载波频率,但此时噪声 n ( t ) n(t) n(t)的谱相关密度函数不为零,因此利用该切面进行载频估计受噪声影响较大。
令 f = f 0 f = {f_0} f=f0,得
S y α ( f ) = 1 T ∣ Q ( α / 2 ) ∣ 2 e − j 2 π α t 0 S ~ a α ( 0 ) S_y^alpha (f) = frac{1}{T}|Q(alpha /2){|^2}{e^{ - j2pi alpha {t_0}}}tilde S_a^alpha (0) Syα(f)=T1∣Q(α/2)∣2e−j2παt0S~aα(0) (53)
即在 f = f 0 f = {f_0} f=f0切面,其谱相关密度函数幅度在循环频率为 α = m / T alpha = m/T α=m/T即符号速率整数倍处出现峰值,在 α = 0 alpha = 0 α=0处的峰值最大,由此可估计实BPSK信号的符号速率,此外还可根据符号速率处对应的谱相关密度函数的相位来估计时延 t 0 {t_0} t0。
7.4 成形滤波器对谱相关密度函数的影响
无论是BPSK还是QPSK调制信号,对于矩形成形,其频谱为Sa函数,当 ∣ f ∣ > 1 / T left| f right| > 1/T ∣f∣>1/T时,存在衰减较慢的旁瓣,因此在循环频率为 α = m / T alpha = m/T α=m/T或 α = m / T ± 2 f 0 alpha = m/T pm 2{f_0} α=m/T±2f0处其谱相关密度函数仍然不为零,即在主峰周围会有很多小峰。对于(根)升余弦成形,当 ∣ f ∣ > 1 / T left| f right| > 1/T ∣f∣>1/T时,其频谱较快衰减为零,因此其谱相关密度函数只在循环频率为 α = 1 / T alpha = 1/T α=1/T或 α = 1 / T ± 2 f 0 alpha = 1/T pm 2{f_0} α=1/T±2f0处有值。
最后
以上就是鲤鱼小丸子为你收集整理的循环自相关函数和谱相关密度(二)——实信号、复信号模型下的BPSK信号循环谱推导说明:接上一节循环自相关函数和谱相关密度(一)——公式推导7 BPSK信号谱相关密度函数的全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决循环自相关函数和谱相关密度(二)——实信号、复信号模型下的BPSK信号循环谱推导说明:接上一节循环自相关函数和谱相关密度(一)——公式推导7 BPSK信号谱相关密度函数所遇到的程序开发问题。
如果觉得靠谱客网站的内容还不错,欢迎将靠谱客网站推荐给程序员好友。
发表评论 取消回复