openresty使用http模块

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我是靠谱客的博主无聊绿茶，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍openresty使用http模块，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

OpenResty默认没有提供Http客户端，需要使用第三方提供的插件
我们可以从github上搜索相应的客户端，比如https://github.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http

安装方法：将 lua-resty-http/lib/resty/ 目录下的 http.lua 和 http_headers.lua
两个文件拷贝到 /usr/local/openresty/lualib/resty 目录下即可
(假设 OpenResty 安装目录为 /usr/local/openresty)
local res, err = httpc:request_uri(uri, {
method = "POST/GET",
---请求方式
query = str,
---get方式传参数
body = str,
---post方式传参数
path = "url" ----路径
headers = {
---header参数
["Content-Type"] = "application/json",
}
})
示例：编写模拟请求天猫的查询
--引入http模块
local http = require("resty.http")
--创建http客户端实例
local httpc = http:new()
local resp,err = httpc:request_uri("https://list.tmall.com",
{
method = "GET",
---请求方式
--path="/search_product.htm?q=ipone",
query="q=iphone",
---get方式传参数
body="name='jack'&age=18",
---post方式传参数
path="/search_product.htm",
----路径
---header参数
headers = {["User-Agent"]="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/40.0.2214.111 Safari/537.36"}
})
if not resp then
ngx.say("request error:",err)
return
end
--获取状态码
ngx.status = resp.status
--获取响应信息
--响应头中的Transfer-Encoding和Connection可以忽略，因为这个数据是当前server输出的。
--获取遍历返回的头信息
for k, v in pairs(resp.headers) do
if k ~= "Transfer-Encoding" and k ~= "Connection" then
ngx.header[k] =v
end
if type(v) == "table" then
ngx.log(ngx.WARN,"table:"..k, ": ", table.concat(v, ", "))
else
ngx.log(ngx.WARN,"one:"..k, ": ", v)
end
end
ngx.say("end")
--响应体
ngx.say(resp.body)
httpc:close()
httpc:close()
# 后台日志
# /usr/local/openresty/nginx]# tail -f logs/debug.log
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:ufe-result: A6, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 09:58:04 GMT, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Location: https://login.taobao.com/jump?target=https%3A%2F%2Flist.tmall.com%2Fsearch_product.htm%3Ftbpm%3D1%26q%3Diphone, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Connection: keep-alive, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:EagleEye-TraceId: 0bfa16f315665542845385751e42fa, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=0, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Content-Length: 0, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Timing-Allow-Origin: *, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"
2019/08/23 17:58:04 [warn] 25373#0: *131 [lua] testhttp02.lua:32: one:Server: Tengine/Aserver, client: 192.168.10.164, server: www.server1.com, request: "GET /testhttp02 HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.10.164"

-------------------------------------------------------
发现报错
request error :no resolver defined to resolve "list.tmall.com"
此错误是因为要配置DNS解析器resolver 8.8.8.8，否则域名是无法解析的。
在nginx.conf配置文件中 http模块加上resolver 8.8.8.8; Google提供的免费DNS服务器的IP地址
配置好后，重启nginx
---------------------------------------------------------
访问https错误，因为我们访问的https，需要配置ssl证书
在nginx配置文件中，server虚拟主机模块设置
lua_ssl_verify_depth 2;
lua_ssl_trusted_certificate "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt";
--------------------------------------------------------
http模块应用场景很多，这里只简单介绍了一下http模块的使用
还有很多openresty模块，可以参考 https://github.com/bungle/awesome-resty

以suning.com为例：
local http = require("resty.http")
--创建http客户端实例
local httpc = http:new()
local resp,err = httpc:request_uri("http://issm.suning.com",
{
method = "GET",
path="/productDetail_P11271.htm",
headers = {["User-Agent"]="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/40.0.2214.111 Safari/537.36"}
})
if not resp then
ngx.say("request error:",err)
return
end
--获取状态码
ngx.status = resp.status
--获取响应信息
--响应头中的Transfer-Encoding和Connection可以忽略，因为这个数据是当前server输出的。
for k,v in pairs(resp.headers) do
if k ~= "Transfer-Encoding" and k ~= "Connection" then
ngx.header[k] =v
end
end
--响应体
ngx.say(resp.body)
httpc:close()