服务器基本信息

轻量应用服务器（腾讯云）：Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

https://console.cloud.tencent.com/lighthouse/instance

网络：

（公）x.x.x.x

（内）x.x.x.x

账号及密码：

root@x.x.x.x/xxxxxxxx

team@x.x.x.x/xxxxxxxx

用户管理

# 创建用户
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# adduser team
# 修改密码
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo passwd root
# 查看用户
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd
# 用户授予和root相同的权限
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# vi /etc/sudoers
team
ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# 安装vsftpd
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install vsftpd

远程登录

# 确认开启端口22
(base) ☁
~
telnet x.x.x.x 22
# 密码登录，默认情况下，root是禁止远程登录的
(base) ☁
~
ssh team@x.x.x.x
# 进入服务器，建立密钥对
➜
~ ssh-keygen -C "xxxxxxx@163.com"
# 安装公钥
➜
.ssh cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
➜
.ssh chmod 600 authorized_keys
➜
~ chmod 700 .ssh
# 设置ssh
➜
~ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
:wq!
# 另外在本配置文件下有如下选项
# 禁止密码登录
PasswordAuthentication no
# 允许root通过ssh登录
PermitRootLogin yes
# 登录本机
➜
~ ssh localhost
# 远程登录
(base) ☁
~
ssh -i .ssh/id_rsa team@x.x.x.x
# 重启ssh服务
➜
~ sudo service sshd restart

安装 ohmyzsh

# 安装zsh
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install zsh
# 安装git
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install git
# 安装ohmyzsh
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

安装并配置MySQL

# 安装mysql server
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mysql-server
..............
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
........................
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
..............
# 安装mysql client
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mysql-client-core-5.7
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mariadb-client-core-10.1
......
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
........
# 启动/重启/停止/查看mysql服务
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# service mysql start/restart/stop/staus
# 如果mysql服务被屏蔽
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# systemctl unmask mysql.service
# 设置root初始密码
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# vi init.sql
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxxxxxx';
:wq!s
# 用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'*' identified by 'xxxxxxxxxxxx';
mysql> flush privileges;
# 修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxxxx';
# 创建用户
mysql> CREATE USER 'team'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxx';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'team'@'*' identified by 'xxxxxxxx' with grant option;
# 取消mysql大小写敏感，只需要在配置文件中添加如下配置
[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names=1
# 备份数据库
➜
~ mysqldump -uteam -pxxxxxxx dbxxxxx > workorders.sql

安装Docker

# （1）安装docker，源更新
➜
~ sudo apt update
# （2）安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库
➜
~ sudo apt-get install 
apt-transport-https 
ca-certificates 
curl 
gnupg-agent 
software-properties-common
# （3）添加密钥
➜
~
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# （4）验证指纹锁
➜
~ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
# （5）设置稳定版本库
➜
~ sudo add-apt-repository 
"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu 
$(lsb_release -cs) 
stable"
# （6）更新 apt 包索引
➜
~ sudo apt update
# （7）安装最新的Docker Engine-Community
➜
~ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 或者（7）指定安装版本，查看可用版本
➜
~ apt-cache madison docker-ce
# 或者（8）安装指定版本
➜
~ sudo apt install docker-ce=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial docker-ce-cli=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial containerd.io
# 如果要使用 Docker 作为非 root 用户，则应考虑使用类似以下方式将用户添加到 docker 组
➜
~ sudo usermod -aG docker team
➜
~ newgrp docker
# 配置阿里云镜像加速
➜
~ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
heredocd> {
"registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
heredocd> EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
➜
~ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
➜
~ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
➜
~ sudo systemctl restart docker.service
➜
~ docker info
.......
Registry Mirrors:
https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
.......
# 拉镜像
➜
~ docker pull mysql:5.7
➜
~ docker pull nginx:1.10
➜
~ docker pull redis:4.0
➜
~ docker pull tomcat:8.0
# 运行nginx容器：端口映射，将本地 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口
➜
~ docker run --name nginx-server -p 8081:80 -d nginx
➜
~ docker run --name nginx -d -p 8081:80 
-v /usr/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx 
-v /usr/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html 
-v /usr/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d nginx:1.10
➜
~ docker run --name nginx -d -p 8081:80 
-v /usr/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx 
-v /usr/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d nginx:1.10
# 启动kylin
➜
~ docker run --name kylin3.0.1 -d -m 8G -p 7070:7070 -p 8088:8088 -p 50070:50070 -p 8032:8032 -p 8042:8042 -p 16010:16010 apachekylin/apache-kylin-standalone:3.0.1
# 安装python模块，可以解决Memoryerror问题
(env3.7) ➜
~ pip --no-cache-dir install tensorflow -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

配置容器：

# 启动MYSQL
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.7
# mysql管理
mysql> create user 'team' identified by 'xxxxxx';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'team'@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx';
# 拷贝数据
➜
~ sudo docker cp /home/team/projects/workorders.sql mysql:/
# 启动redis
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -v /mydata/redis/data:/data -d redis:4.0 redis-server --appendonly yes
# 启动nginx
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx -v /mydata/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /mydata/nginx/logs:/var/logs/nginx -v /mydata/nginx/nginx:/etc/nginx -d nginx:1.10
# 启动tomcat
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -v /mydata/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/tomcat/logs -d tomcat:8.0
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -d tomcat:8.5.54
# 拷贝容器中的conf文件
➜
~ sudo docker container cp tomcat:/usr/local/tomcat/conf /mydata/tomcat/conf
# 修改配置再次启动
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -v /mydata/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/tomcat/logs -v /mydata/tomcat/conf:/usr/local/tomcat/conf -d tomcat:8.0
➜
~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat:/usr/local/tomcat -d tomcat:8.5.54
# dockerfile 配置镜像
➜
tomcat docker build -f Dockerfile -t tomcat:new .
# 启动maxwell
➜
~ sudo docker run -it --rm zendesk/maxwell bin/maxwell --user='root' --password='xxxxxx' --host='x.x.x.x' --producer=stdout

安装Nginx

/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序
/etc/nginx：存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件
/var/log/nginx：存放日志

➜
~ docker pull nginx
➜
~ docker run --name nginx-demo -d -p 80:80 nginx:latest
➜
~ docker exec -it nginx-demo /bin/bash
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /var/log/nginx/
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /etc/nginx/
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
➜
docker mkdir -p nginx/log nginx/conf nginx/html
➜
docker docker run --name nginx-demo -d -p 80:80 
>
-v /home/team/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx
>
-v /home/team/docker/nginx/nginx:/etc/nginx
>
-v /home/team/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:latest

安装 Java

# 官网下载jdk包，上传至服务器
➜
tools ls -la jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 解压
➜
local sudo tar -xvf ~/tools/jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 创建软链接
➜
local sudo ln -s jdk1.8.0_291 jdk1.8
# 添加环境变量
➜
~ vi .zshrc
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
:wq!
➜
~ source .zshrc

搭建 Jenkins + GitHub

安装 Jenkins

# 更新source list
➜
tools sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
:wq!
# 更新
➜
tools sudo apt update
# 下载镜像
➜
tools wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key add -
# 将Debian包存储库地址附加到服务器的sources.list 
➜
tools echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list
# 更新
➜
tools sudo apt update
# 错误处理：W: GPG error: https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY FCEF32E745F2C3D5
➜
tools sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys FCEF32E745F2C3D5
# 添加Java环境变量
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8/bin/java /usr/bin/java
# 安装
➜
tools sudo apt install -y jenkins

参考文献

• 设置 SSH 通过密钥登录
• Failed to restart mysql.service: Unit mysql.service is masked in Ubuntu 20.04 after an upgrade from 18.4
• MySQL root密码忘记，原来还有更优雅的解法！
• 从零开始搭建JENKINS+GITHUB持续集成环境【多图】
• Linux 搭建 Jenkins
• Centos7启动Jenkins服务状态Active: active (exited)的问题解决

最后

以上就是笑点低柠檬为你收集整理的【服务器入门】快速配置轻量应用服务器（腾讯云）服务器基本信息用户管理远程登录安装 ohmyzsh安装并配置MySQL安装Docker安装Nginx安装 Java搭建 Jenkins + GitHub参考文献的全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决【服务器入门】快速配置轻量应用服务器（腾讯云）服务器基本信息用户管理远程登录安装 ohmyzsh安装并配置MySQL安装Docker安装Nginx安装 Java搭建 Jenkins + GitHub参考文献所遇到的程序开发问题。

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