Zynq-Linux移植学习笔记之17-Zynq下linuxPL部分Flash

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我是靠谱客的博主纯情外套，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Zynq-Linux移植学习笔记之17-Zynq下linuxPL部分Flash，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

1、背景介绍

在板上，ZYNQ PL部分通过EMC连接一片NOR FLASH，地址空间如下：

可以看到NOR FLASH的起始地址为0x80000000，这是物理地址，可以把数据存放在以该地址起始的一段区域。

需要注意的是，在对NOR FLASH进行读写数据时，需要参考对应的datasheet，例如这里选用的NOR FLASH读、写、擦除步骤如下：

通过上面的表格就知道进行相应操作每一步该做什么，可以转换为SDK中裸奔程序的C代码。

2、 Linux下flash操作

之前提到过zynq中Linux用户应用程序可以通过/dev/mem访问到物理地址，xil_in32和xil_out32等裸奔程序中常见的函数可以通过这一机制移植到linux下。于是，对flash的操作其实就是基于xil_in和xil_out对物理地址进行读写。

这里只需要实现三个函数，erase，write_sector以及read_sector.代码如下：








//xil_io.h














#include <stdio.h>







#include <stdlib.h>







#include <stdint.h>







#include <string.h>







#include <sys/types.h>







#include <sys/stat.h>







#include <sys/mman.h>














#include <unistd.h>







#include <fcntl.h>














#define PAGE_SIZE
((size_t)getpagesize())







#define PAGE_MASK ((uint64_t) (long)~(PAGE_SIZE - 1))














void Xil_Out32(uint64_t phyaddr, uint32_t val)







{







int fd;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);














if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}














map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







*(
volatile
uint32_t *)(map_base + pgoffset) = val;







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);







}














int Xil_In32(uint64_t phyaddr)







{







int fd;







uint32_t val;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);







//open /dev/mem







if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}







//mmap







map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







val = *(
volatile
uint32_t *)(map_base + pgoffset);







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);














return val;







}














void Xil_Out16(uint64_t phyaddr, uint16_t val)







{







int fd;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);














if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}














map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







*(
volatile
uint16_t *)(map_base + pgoffset) = val;







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);







}














int Xil_In16(uint64_t phyaddr)







{







int fd;







uint16_t val;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);







//open /dev/mem







if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}







//mmap







map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







val = *(
volatile
uint16_t *)(map_base + pgoffset);







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);














return val;







}














void Xil_Out8(uint64_t phyaddr, uint16_t val)







{







int fd;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);














if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}














map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







*(
volatile
uint8_t *)(map_base + pgoffset) = val;







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);







}














int Xil_In8(uint64_t phyaddr)







{







int fd;







uint8_t val;







volatile
uint8_t *map_base;







uint64_t base = phyaddr & PAGE_MASK;







uint64_t pgoffset = phyaddr & (~PAGE_MASK);







//open /dev/mem







if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1)







{







perror(
"open /dev/mem:");







}







//mmap







map_base = mmap(
NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,







fd, base);







if(map_base == MAP_FAILED)







{







perror(
"mmap:");







}







val = *(
volatile
uint8_t *)(map_base + pgoffset);







close(fd);







munmap((
void *)map_base, PAGE_SIZE);














return val;







}








//move.h














#ifndef SMARTCARMOVE_H







#define SMARTCARMOVE_H














#include <stdio.h>







#include <fcntl.h>







#include <unistd.h>







#include <string.h>







#include <sys/time.h>







#include <sys/stat.h>







#include <sys/types.h>







#include <syslog.h>







#include <memory.h>














static
int fd;














#define MODE (O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC)














#define SECSIZE
65536







#define XPAR_AXI_EMC_0_S_AXI_MEM0_BASEADDR 0x80000000







#define WAIT_TICKS	0xffffffff














typedef
unsigned
short u16;














extern void flash_set16(unsigned int addrBase,unsigned int addrOffset,unsigned int value);







extern int flash_get16(unsigned int addrBase,unsigned int addrOffset);














extern int Erase_Flash(int sectorNum);







extern int Write_Sector(int sectorNum,int offset,u16 *src_addr,int wr_num);







extern int Read_Sector(int sectorNum,int rd_num,unsigned short *buf);





















#endif








#include "xil_io.h"







#include "move.h"





















/**







read and write phy mem







 * */







void flash_set16(unsigned int addrBase,unsigned int addrOffset,unsigned int value)







{







Xil_Out16(addrBase+
2*addrOffset, value);







//printf("flash set reg 0x%x value is 0x%xn",addrBase+2*addrOffset,value);







}














int flash_get16(unsigned int addrBase,unsigned int addrOffset)







{







int ans=
0;







ans=Xil_In16(addrBase+
2*addrOffset);







return ans;







}














int Erase_Flash(int sectorNum)







{







unsigned
short flag;







int i=
0;







int val=
0;







unsigned
short *base_addr;







base_addr = (
unsigned
short*)(XPAR_AXI_EMC_0_S_AXI_MEM0_BASEADDR+SECSIZE*sectorNum*
2);







printf(
"erase start addr 0x%xn",base_addr);














flash_set16(base_addr,
0x555,
0x00AA);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x2AA,
0x0055);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x555,
0x0080);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x555,
0x00AA);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x2AA,
0x0055);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0,
0x0030);














val=flash_get16(base_addr,
0);







printf(
"base addr 0x%x val is 0x%xn",base_addr,val);














while((val&
0x80)!=
0x80)







{







i++;







if( i>=WAIT_TICKS)







{







printf(
"addr %x Erase_Flash failed!n",base_addr);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x555,
0x0090);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x000,
0x0000);







return
-1;







}







//flag = base_addr;







val=flash_get16(base_addr,
0);







}







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x555,
0x0090);







flash_set16(base_addr,
0x000,
0x0000);














printf(
"erase end addr %xn",base_addr+SECSIZE);







return
0;







}














int Write_Sector(int sectorNum,int offset,u16 *src_addr,int wr_num)







{







int i,j;







u16 *dst_addr;







int val=
0;







int ans=
0;







dst_addr = (u16*)(XPAR_AXI_EMC_0_S_AXI_MEM0_BASEADDR+SECSIZE*sectorNum*
2+offset);














/* Unlock Bypass program */














flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x555,
0x00AA);







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x2AA,
0x0055);














printf(
"dst addr is 0x%xn",dst_addr);







for(i=
0;i<wr_num;i++)







{














flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x555,
0x0020);







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x000,
0x00A0);







//	printf("i is %dn",i);














val=src_addr[i];







printf(
"val is 0x%xn",val);







flash_set16(dst_addr,i,val);














ans=flash_get16(dst_addr,i);







//printf("ans is 0x%xn",ans);







j=
0;







while( ans!= val)







{







j++;







if(j>=WAIT_TICKS)







{







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x555,
0x0090);







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x000,
0x0000);







return
-1;







}







ans=flash_get16(dst_addr,i);







}







}







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x555,
0x0090);







flash_set16(dst_addr,
0x000,
0x0000);







return
0;







}














int Read_Sector(int sectorNum,int rd_num,unsigned short *buf)







{







unsigned
short *sector_addr;







int i;







int val=
0;














if( rd_num <=
0)







{







return
-1;







}







printf(
"flash read start--sectorNum= %d
rd_num= %dn",sectorNum,rd_num);







sector_addr = (u16*)(XPAR_AXI_EMC_0_S_AXI_MEM0_BASEADDR+SECSIZE*sectorNum*
2);














printf(
"sector addr is 0x%xn",sector_addr);







if( rd_num <= SECSIZE )







{







for(i=
0;i<rd_num;i++)







{







printf(
"val is 0x%xn",flash_get16(sector_addr,
0));







val = flash_get16(sector_addr,
0);







*buf=val;







buf++;







sector_addr++;







}







}







else







{







printf(
"errorn");







}







return
0;







}





















int main(int argc, char *argv[])







{














//Erase_Flash(1);














u16 dat[
100];







int i;







Read_Sector(
0,
10,dat);







for(i=
0;i<
10;i++)







{







printf(
"0x%xn",dat[i]);







}







/*







	for(i=0;i<100;i++)







	{








dat[i]=10+i;







	}







	Erase_Flash(0);







	Write_Sector(0,0,dat,10);







*/







return
0;







}

3、测试

这里没有驱动的概念，一切都放在用户态执行，编译产生flash应用程序，放到板子上执行程序进行测试即可。注意，写之前要擦除。

下图为写文件的测试，这里写了10个数：

写完以后再读

可以看到，读出来的和写入的值一样，测试通过。

4、补充

关于/dev/mem可以看看下面这段代码，写的很详细，用户态直接访问物理地址，对于ZYNQ中PL部分的操作确实帮助极大。








/*







 * devmem2.c: Simple program to read/write from/to any location in memory.







 *







 *
Copyright (C) 2000, Jan-Derk Bakker (J.D.Bakker@its.tudelft.nl)







 *







 *







 * This software has been developed for the LART computing board







 * (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/). The development has been sponsored by







 * the Mobile MultiMedia Communications (http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/)







 * and Ubiquitous Communications (http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/)







 * projects.







 *







 * The author can be reached at:







 *







 *
Jan-Derk Bakker







 *
Information and Communication Theory Group







 *
Faculty of Information Technology and Systems







 *
Delft University of Technology







 *
P.O. Box 5031







 *
2600 GA Delft







 *
The Netherlands







 *







 *







 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify







 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by







 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or







 * (at your option) any later version.







 *







 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,







 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of







 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the







 * GNU General Public License for more details.







 * 







 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License







 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software







 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307
USA







 *







 */














#include <stdio.h>







#include <stdlib.h>







#include <unistd.h>







#include <string.h>







#include <errno.h>







#include <signal.h>







#include <fcntl.h>







#include <ctype.h>







#include <termios.h>







#include <sys/types.h>







#include <sys/mman.h>














#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]n", 








__LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)














#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL







#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)














int main(int argc, char **argv) {







int fd;







void *map_base, *virt_addr;







unsigned
long read_result, writeval;







off_t target;







int access_type =
'w';














if(argc <
2) {







fprintf(
stderr,
"nUsage:t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]n"







"taddress : memory address to act uponn"







"ttype
: access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ordn"







"tdata
: data to be writtennn",







argv[
0]);







exit(
1);







}







target = strtoul(argv[
1],
0,
0);














if(argc >
2)







access_type =
tolower(argv[
2][
0]);





















if((fd = open(
"/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) ==
-1) FATAL;







printf(
"/dev/mem opened.n");







fflush(
stdout);














/* Map one page */







map_base = mmap(
0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);







if(map_base == (
void *)
-1) FATAL;







printf(
"Memory mapped at address %p.n", map_base);







fflush(
stdout);














virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);







switch(access_type) {







case
'b':







read_result = *((
unsigned
char *) virt_addr);







break;







case
'h':







read_result = *((
unsigned
short *) virt_addr);







break;







case
'w':







read_result = *((
unsigned
long *) virt_addr);







break;







default:







fprintf(
stderr,
"Illegal data type '%c'.n", access_type);







exit(
2);







}







printf(
"Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%Xn", target, virt_addr, read_result);







fflush(
stdout);














if(argc >
3) {







writeval = strtoul(argv[
3],
0,
0);







switch(access_type) {







case
'b':







*((
unsigned
char *) virt_addr) = writeval;







read_result = *((
unsigned
char *) virt_addr);







break;







case
'h':







*((
unsigned
short *) virt_addr) = writeval;







read_result = *((
unsigned
short *) virt_addr);







break;







case
'w':







*((
unsigned
long *) virt_addr) = writeval;







read_result = *((
unsigned
long *) virt_addr);







break;







}







printf(
"Written 0x%X; readback 0x%Xn", writeval, read_result);







fflush(
stdout);







}














if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) ==
-1) FATAL;







close(fd);







return
0;







}