Linux容器虚拟化LXC的使用

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官方网站：

    https://linuxcontainers.org/

Github：

    https://github.com/lxc/lxc

火星文简介：

What's LXC?

LXC is a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features.
Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers.
Features

Current LXC uses the following kernel features to contain processes:

    Kernel namespaces (ipc, uts, mount, pid, network and user)
    Apparmor and SELinux profiles
    Seccomp policies
    Chroots (using pivot_root)
    Kernel capabilities
    Control groups (cgroups)   # 需要用到cgroups子系统

As such, LXC is often considered as something in the middle between a chroot on steroids and a full fledged virtual machine. The goal of LXC is to create an environment as close as possible as a standard Linux installation but without the need for a separate kernel.
Components

LXC is currently made of a few separate components:

    The liblxc library
    Several language bindings for the API:
        python3 (in-tree, long term support in 1.0.x)
        lua (in tree, long term support in 1.0.x)
        Go
        ruby
        python2
        Haskell
    A set of standard tools to control the containers
    Container templates

Licensing

LXC is free software, most of the code is released under the terms of the GNU LGPLv2.1+ license, some Android compatibility bits are released under a standard 2-clause BSD license and some binaries and templates are shipped under the GNU GPLv2 license.
Where do I get it?
From upstream

You can fetch the latest upstream tarballs here or grab it directly from git here or with:

git clone git://github.com/lxc/lxc

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实战部分：

    准备工作：

        系统环境和yum源

安装所需软件包：

            1) debootstrap

                debootstrap is used to create a Debian base system from scratch, without
requiring the availability of dpkg or apt.

            2) libvirt

                省去麻烦的配置，直接用这个 ^_^

            3) libcgroup

                Control groups infrastructure. The tools and library help manipulate, control administrate and monitor control groups and the associated controllers.

            4) lxc lxc-templates

                主要包以及模板(等下我们稍微改下模板文件的yum源)

            5) 当然还需要 gcc rsync

启动相关服务：

修改模板文件：

系统给提供了这么多模板，下面来修改下centos模板的默认源(修改之前自觉备份一个)

开始正式安装:

lxc-create creates a container

Options :
  -n, --name=NAME    NAME for name of the container
  -f, --config=file  Initial configuration file
  -t, --template=t   Template to use to setup container

修改密码：

    # chroot /var/lib/lxc/centos_1/rootfs passwd

启动虚拟机：

# lxc-start -d -n centos_1

Options :
  -n, --name=NAME        NAME for name of the container
  -d, --daemon           daemonize the container

查看虚拟机状态：

# lxc-info -n centos_1

连过去看看：

这样一台就弄好了,如果要做LBC，HAC这类实验，可以克隆多个来实现。

LXC给我们提供了很多管理工具：

lxc-attach
lxc-clone       # 克隆相关
lxc-destroy     # 销毁
lxc-ls          # List containers existing on the system。

lxc-stop        # XD
lxc-usernsexec
lxc-autostart
lxc-config
lxc-execute
lxc-monitor
lxc-top        # top你懂的
lxc-wait
lxc-cgroup
lxc-console
lxc-freeze
lxc-snapshot  # 给一个容器镜像
lxc-unfreeze
lxc-checkconfig
lxc-create    # 创建
lxc-info      # 显示容器状态信息
lxc-start     # 启动
lxc-unshare

Python API：

    Python 3K

    import lxc    
    container = lxc.Container("p1")
    container.create("ubuntu")
    container.start()
    container.get_ips()
    container.stop()

    Python 2.X:

        https://github.com/cloud9ers/pylxc

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