Oracle 11g默认字符集：WE8MSWIN1252修改为ZHS16GBK

查看数据库当前字符集

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252

---------------------

将数据库置于restricted mode下

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

修改字符集到ZHS16GBK

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12721: operation cannot execute when other sessions are active

当前有连接处于active状态，kill掉session或者重启数据库。

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system disable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

----------------------------------------------------

最后

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