pythonrandint用法_Python randint()用法及代码示例

randint()是Python3中随机模块的内置函数。随机模块提供对各种有用功能的访问，其中一个功能可以生成随机数，即randint()。句法：

randint(start, end)

参数：

(start, end): Both of them must be integer type values.

返回值：

A random integer within the given range as parameters.

错误和异常：

ValueError:Returns a ValueError when floating

point values are passed as parameters.

TypeError:Returns a TypeError when anything other than

numeric values are passed as parameters.

代码1：

# Python3 program explaining work

# of randint() function

# imports random module

import random

# Generates a random number between

# a given positive range

r1 = random.randint(0, 10)

print("Random number between 0 and 10 is % s" % (r1))

# Generates a random number between

# two given negative range

r2 = random.randint(-10, -1)

print("Random number between -10 and -1 is % d" % (r2))

# Generates a random number between

# a positive and a negative range

r3 = random.randint(-5, 5)

print("Random number between -5 and 5 is % d" % (r3))

输出：

Random number between 0 and 10 is 5

Random number between -10 and -1 is -7

Random number between -5 and 5 is 2

代码2：程序演示ValueError。

# imports random module

import random

'''If we pass floating point values as

parameters in the randint() function'''

r1 = random.randint(1.23, 9.34)

print(r1)

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/home/f813370b9ea61dd5d55d7dadc8ed5171.py", line 6, in

r1=random.randint(1.23, 9.34)

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 218, in randint

return self.randrange(a, b+1)

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 182, in randrange

raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")

ValueError:non-integer arg 1 for randrange()

代码3：程序演示TypeError。

# imports random

import random

'''If we pass string or character literals as

parameters in the randint() function'''

r2 = random.randint('a', 'z')

print(r2)

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/home/fb805b21fea0e29c6a65f62b99998953.py", line 5, in

r2=random.randint('a', 'z')

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 218, in randint

return self.randrange(a, b+1)

TypeError:Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

应用范围：

randint()函数可用于模拟幸运抽奖情况。

假设用户参加了幸运抽奖比赛。用户有3次机会猜测1到10之间的数字。如果猜测正确，则用户获胜，否则将输掉比赛。

# importing randint function

# from random module

from random import randint

# Function which generates a new

# random number everytime it executes

def generator():

return randint(1, 10)

# Function takes user input and returns

# true or false depending whether the

# user wins the lucky draw!

def rand_guess():

# calls generator() which returns a

# random integer between 1 and 10

random_number = generator()

# defining the number of

# guesses the user gets

guess_left = 3

# Setting a flag variable to check

# the win-condition for user

flag = 0

# looping the number of times

# the user gets chances

while guess_left > 0:

# Taking a input from the user

guess = int(input("Pick your number to "

"enter the lucky drawn"))

# checking whether user's guess

# matches the generated win-condition

if guess == random_number:

# setting flag as 1 if user guessses

# correctly and then loop is broken

flag = 1

break

else:

# If user's choice doesn't match

# win-condition then it is printed

print("Wrong Guess!!")

# Decrementing number of

# guesses left by 1

guess_left -= 1

# If win-condition is satisfied then,

# the function rand_guess returns True

if flag is 1:

return True

# Else the function returns False

else:

return False

# Driver code

if __name__ == '__main__':

if rand_guess() is True:

print("Congrats!! You Win.")

else :

print("Sorry, You Lost!")

输出：

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

8

Wrong Guess!!

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

9

Wrong Guess!!

Pick your number to enter the lucky draw

0

Congrats!! You Win.

最后

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