Python的random模块学习

参考：1、官网；2、别人的

 

以下是random模块的方法：

 

实例：

Basic examples:

>>> random()                             # 随机浮点数:  0.0 <= x < 1.0
0.37444887175646646

>>> uniform(2.5, 10.0)                   # 随机浮点数:  2.5 <= x < 10.0
3.1800146073117523


>>> randrange(10)                        # 0-9的整数：
7

>>> randrange(0, 101, 2)                 # 0-100的偶数
26

>>> choice([’win’, ‘lose’, ‘draw’])      # 从序列随机选择一个元素
’draw’

>>> deck = ’ace two three four’.split()
>>> shuffle(deck)                        # 对序列进行洗牌，改变原序列
>>> deck
[’four’, ‘two’, ‘ace’, ‘three’]

>>> sample([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], k=4)    # 不改变原序列的抽取指定数目样本，并生成新序列
[40, 10, 50, 30]


>>> # 6次旋转红黑绿轮盘(带权重可重复的取样)，不破坏原序列,weight[18,18,2]
>>> choices([’red’, ‘black’, ‘green’], [18, 18, 2], k=6)
[’red’, ‘green’, ‘black’, ‘black’, ‘red’, ‘black’]

>>> # 德州扑克计算概率Deal 20 cards without replacement from a deck of 52 playing cards
>>> # and determine the proportion of cards with a ten-value
>>> # (a ten, jack, queen, or king).
>>> deck = collections.Counter(tens=16, low_cards=36)
>>> seen = sample(list(deck.elements()), k=20)
>>> seen.count(’tens’) / 20
0.15

>>> # 模拟概率Estimate the probability of getting 5 or more heads from 7 spins
>>> # of a biased coin that settles on heads 60% of the time.’H’的概率是0.6，“T”的概率是1-0.6
>>> trial = lambda: choices(‘HT’, cum_weights=(0.60, 1.00), k=7).count(‘H’) >= 5
>>> sum(trial() for i in range(10000)) / 10000
0.4169

>>> # Probability of the median of 5 samples being in middle two quartiles
>>> trial = lambda : 2500 <= sorted(choices(range(10000), k=5))[2]  < 7500
>>> sum(trial() for i in range(10000)) / 10000
0.7958

>>> from statistics import mean
>>> from random import choices

>>> data = 1, 2, 4, 4, 10
>>> means = sorted(mean(choices(data, k=5)) for i in range(20))  # mean是求平均
>>> print(f‘The sample mean of {mean(data):.1f} has a 90% confidence ’
      f’interval from {means[1]:.1f} to {means[-2]:.1f}’)  # 这里的f用法

>>> random()
# 随机浮点数:
0.0 <= x < 1.0
0.37444887175646646
>>> uniform(2.5, 10.0)
# 随机浮点数:
2.5 <= x < 10.0
3.1800146073117523
>>> randrange(10)
# 0-9的整数：
7
>>> randrange(0, 101, 2)
# 0-100的偶数
26
>>> choice(['win', 'lose', 'draw'])
# 从序列随机选择一个元素
'draw'
>>> deck = 'ace two three four'.split()
>>> shuffle(deck)
# 对序列进行洗牌，改变原序列
>>> deck
['four', 'two', 'ace', 'three']
>>> sample([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], k=4)
# 不改变原序列的抽取指定数目样本，并生成新序列
[40, 10, 50, 30]
>>> # 6次旋转红黑绿轮盘(带权重可重复的取样)，不破坏原序列,weight[18,18,2]
>>> choices(['red', 'black', 'green'], [18, 18, 2], k=6)
['red', 'green', 'black', 'black', 'red', 'black']
>>> # 德州扑克计算概率Deal 20 cards without replacement from a deck of 52 playing cards
>>> # and determine the proportion of cards with a ten-value
>>> # (a ten, jack, queen, or king).
>>> deck = collections.Counter(tens=16, low_cards=36)
>>> seen = sample(list(deck.elements()), k=20)
>>> seen.count('tens') / 20
0.15
>>> # 模拟概率Estimate the probability of getting 5 or more heads from 7 spins
>>> # of a biased coin that settles on heads 60% of the time.'H'的概率是0.6，“T”的概率是1-0.6
>>> trial = lambda: choices('HT', cum_weights=(0.60, 1.00), k=7).count('H') >= 5
>>> sum(trial() for i in range(10000)) / 10000
0.4169
>>> # Probability of the median of 5 samples being in middle two quartiles
>>> trial = lambda : 2500 <= sorted(choices(range(10000), k=5))[2]
< 7500
>>> sum(trial() for i in range(10000)) / 10000
0.7958
>>> from statistics import mean
>>> from random import choices
>>> data = 1, 2, 4, 4, 10
>>> means = sorted(mean(choices(data, k=5)) for i in range(20))
# mean是求平均
>>> print(f'The sample mean of {mean(data):.1f} has a 90% confidence '
f'interval from {means[1]:.1f} to {means[-2]:.1f}')
# 这里的f用法

下面是生成一个包含大写字母A-Z和数字0-9的随机4位验证码的程序

import random

checkcode = ”
for i in range(4):
    current = random.randrange(0,4)
    if current != i:
        temp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
    else:
        temp = random.randint(0,9)
        checkcode += str(temp)
print(checkcode)

import random
checkcode = ''
for i in range(4):
current = random.randrange(0,4)
if current != i:
temp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
else:
temp = random.randint(0,9)
checkcode += str(temp)
print(checkcode)

下面是生成指定长度字母数字随机序列的代码：