概述
- 谭子pytest学习笔记1
- pytest的特点
- 安装方法
- pytest用例搜集及执行
- pytest命令行及执行方式总结
- pytest命令行执行方式
- python命令行参数
- 帮助信息版本参数项名称环境变量等
- 常用命令行参数
- 通过python代码执行pytest
- 断言
谭子pytest学习笔记(1)
pytest的特点
- 模块化parametrizeable装置
- 参数化测试函数
- 标记测试功能属性
- Skip和xfail:处理不成功的测试用例
- 通过xdist插件分发测试到多个CPU
- 不断的重新运行失败的测试
- 灵活约定的Python测试发现
安装方法
方法一:
需要有外网,需要先安装python的pip安装工具
pip install -U pytest
安装成功判断方法:
windows:
C:Users27231>pytest --version
This is pytest version 3.0.7, imported from D:Python27libsite-packagespytest
-3.0.7-py2.7.eggpytest.pyc
Linux:
$ pytest --version
This is pytest version 3.0.7, imported from $PYTHON_PREFIX/lib/python3.5/site-
˓→packages/pytest.py
方法二:
由于公司内无法直接访问外网,故给出,离线安装放法;离线安装需要下载pytest的安装包及其两个依赖库 colorama、py
对应下载链接如下:
pytest: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytest
colorama: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama
py: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/py
三个包安装先后顺序为: colorama ,py , pytest
安装方式:
注意:windows下若python未计入环境变量,请先将其加入环境变量
windows使用cmd,Linux直接切到指定包对应的目录
Y:接口自动化测试安装包pytest包colorama-0.3.9colorama-0.3.9>python setup.py install
pytest用例搜集及执行
1)如下为对一个函数测试的简单用例:
# content of test_sample.py
def func(x):
return x + 1
def test_answer():
assert func(3) == 5
通过pytest执行用例方法及结果如下
C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmyprac>pytest
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.5, pytest-3.0.7, py-1.4.33, pluggy-0.4.0
metadata: {'Python': '2.7.5', 'Platform': 'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1', 'Packages': {'py': '1.4.33', 'pytest': '3.0.7', 'pluggy': '0.4.0'}, 'JAVA_HOM
E': 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10', 'Plugins': {'rerunfailures': '2.1.0', 'html': '1.1', 'metadata': '1.4.0'}}
rootdir: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytest, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: metadata-1.4.0, html-1.1, rerunfailures-2.1.0
collected 1 items
test_sample.py F
generated html file: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmypracreport.html
================================== FAILURES ===================================
_________________________________ test_answer _________________________________
def test_answer():
> assert func(3) == 5
E assert 4 == 5
E + where 4 = func(3)
test_sample.py:5: AssertionError
=========================== pytest-warning summary ============================
WI2 buildbdist.win32eggpytest_htmlplugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method.
================= 1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.04 seconds =================
由执行结果看到,pytest失败的测试报告输出,还是很友好的,函数fun(3)的返回值友好的展示在了测试结果中
2)执行方式1)中会执行当前目录及子目录下的所有的test_*.py 或者 *_test.py的文件,用例搜集规则为搜集Test开头的类,test开头的函数
看一个通过类进行分组的用例集
class TestClass(object):
def test_one(self):
x = "this"
assert 'h' in x
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
assert hasattr(x, 'check')
通过pytest test_class.py 可指定执行的文件,通过pytest test_class.py::TestClass::test_one 可执行指定的用例,加入 -q参数可使得测试结果只展示必要信息,如:
C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmyprac>pytest -q test_sample.py::TestClass::test_two
F
generated html file: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmypracreport.html
================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________
self = <test_sample.TestClass object at 0x031DA0B0>
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
> assert hasattr(x, 'check')
E AssertionError: assert False
E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')
test_sample.py:9: AssertionError
=========================== pytest-warning summary ============================
WI2 buildbdist.win32eggpytest_htmlplugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method.
1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.04 seconds
pytest命令行及执行方式总结
pytest命令行执行方式
- python -m pytest […]
- pytest […]
python命令行参数
帮助信息、版本、参数项名称、环境变量等
pytest --version # 展示pytest的加载路径及已经安装的相关插件的路径
pytest --fixtures # 显示可用的内置函数参数
pytest -h | --help # 显示pytest命令行及配置文件相关选项的帮助信息
常用命令行参数
1)在第几个测试用例失败后,停止测试
pytest -x # 出现第一个用例执行失败时即停止测试
pytest --maxfail=2 # 在有两个用例执行失败时停止测试
pytest filename --full-trace #跟踪用例执行的完整过程
pytest filename --durations=10 #获取执行最慢的10个用例
pytest filename --rerun=5 #失败用例重复执行5次
pytest filename --html=report.html #输出html报告
pytest filename -m high #指定执行high标识的用例
2)指定执行测试范围
pytest test_mod.py # 执行指定文件下的测试
pytest somepath # 执行指定目录下及其子目录下的所有测试文件
pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
# "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
# will select TestMyClass.test_something
# but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple
pytest test_mod.py::test_func # 只运行指定模块下的用例test_func,
# e.g. "test_mod.py::test_func" will select
# only test_func in test_mod.py
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method # 执行指定文件下指定类中的用例test_method
通过python代码执行pytest
通过python代码直接调用执行pytest
pytest。main() # 相当于命令行直接pytest
pytest.main(['-q','test_sample.py'], plugins=[MyPlugin()]) # 第一个为pytest执行参数,第二个为pytest执行时需要使用的插件
断言
1)python支持通过python的标准语句assert来验证期望值与实际值是否一致
example_one:
# content of test_sample.py
def tanzi():
return 3
def test_tanzi():
assert tanzi() == 4
执行结果如下:
C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmyprac>pytest -q test_sample.py
F
generated html file: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmypracreport.html
================================== FAILURES ===================================
_________________________________ test_tanzi __________________________________
def test_tanzi():
> assert tanzi() == 4
E assert 3 == 4
E + where 3 = tanzi()
test_sample.py:5: AssertionError
=========================== pytest-warning summary ============================
WI2 buildbdist.win32eggpytest_htmlplugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method.
1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.03 seconds
由失败用例的测试报告中可看到,pytest支持展示常见子表达式的值,包括调用、属性、比较,以及二进制和单目运算符
2)异常类断言
通过pytest.raises可断言python中的异常断言
example:
import pytest
def test_zero_division():
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
1/0
有时候还要确认异常中一些更为具体的异常信息,可按如下方式实现
def test_recursion_depth():
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
def f():
f()
f()
assert 'maximum recursion' in str(excinfo.value)
excinfo 是一个Exceptioninfo的一个实例,它是实际异常的一个装饰器,其主要属性包括 .type, .value 和 .traceback
3)定义自己的断言比较式
pytest可通过pytest_assertrepr_compare(config, op, left, right)来构造自己的断言失败展示信息
# content of conftest.py
from test_sample import Foo
def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right):
if isinstance(left, Foo) and isinstance(right, Foo) and op == "==":
return ['Comparing Foo instances:',
' vals: %s != %s' % (left.val, right.val)]
# content of test_sample.py
class Foo:
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.val == other.val
def test_compare():
f1 = Foo(1)
f2 = Foo(2)
assert f1 == f2
f2 = Foo(2)时用例断言失败,输出结果为
C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmyprac>pytest -q test_sample.py
F
generated html file: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmypracreport.html
================================== FAILURES ===================================
________________________________ test_compare _________________________________
def test_compare():
f1 = Foo(1)
f2 = Foo(2)
> assert f1 == f2
E assert Comparing Foo instances:
E vals: 1 != 2
test_sample.py:10: AssertionError
=========================== pytest-warning summary ============================
WI2 buildbdist.win32eggpytest_htmlplugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method.
1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.03 seconds
若将f2改为 f2 = Foo(1),断言结果为pass,则对应的自定义错误信息也不会打印执行
C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmyprac>pytest -q test_sample.py
.
generated html file: C:UsersAdministratorPycharmProjectspytestmypracreport.html
=========================== pytest-warning summary ============================
WI2 buildbdist.win32eggpytest_htmlplugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method.
1 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds
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