Win32编程day06 学习笔记

一 系统菜单

  1 执行系统提供的窗口命令，例如最大化、关闭等命令。本质上和普通菜单一样，所以我们也可以在程序中使用这个菜单
   
  2 系统菜单的使用
    2.1 获取系统菜单
       GetSystemMenu

 HMENU GetSystemMenu(
HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗口句柄
BOOL bRevert
//获取时重置标示
);

    bRevert: TRUE 重置 FLASE 不重置
    当Revert为TRUE时，会将菜单重新置成默认的状态，并返回菜单句柄。如果为FALSE，菜单项不重置，获取到当前系统菜单的状态。
   
    2.2 修改系统菜单，例如增加、删除
       2.2.1 AppednMenu
       2.2.2 InsertMenu
         比AppednMenu增加了一个插入菜单项的位置或ID。
       2.2.3 删除菜单项

BOOL RemoveMenu( //

HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄
UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID
UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示。

    uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID
    uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置

    2.3 系统菜单的命令响应
       系统菜单的命令响应，是在WM_SYSCOMMAND中。
       WPARAM - LOWORD(wParam)为增加的菜单的ID

int nID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nID )
{
case 1001:
//...
break;
}

// SysMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst
= NULL;
HANDLE
g_hStdOut = NULL;
void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
// 获取系统菜单
HMENU hSysMenu =
GetSystemMenu( hWnd, FALSE );
// 删除菜单项
RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );
RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );
RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );
RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );
RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );
// 增加菜单项
InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,
1001, "测试1" );
InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 1, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,
1002, "测试2" );
}
void OnSysCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
sprintf( szText,
"OnSysCommand: WPARAM=%08X,LPARAM=%08Xn",
wParam, lParam );
WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
int nID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nID )
{
case 1001:
MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1001",
"SysMenu", MB_OK );
break;
case 1002:
MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1002",
"SysMenu", MB_OK );
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND
hWnd,
UINT
nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_CREATE:
OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
OnSysCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize
= sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wce.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor
= NULL;
wce.hIcon
= NULL;
wce.hIconSm
= NULL;
wce.hInstance
= g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName
= NULL;
wce.style
= CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 ==
nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
void NewConsole( )
{
AllocConsole( );
g_hStdOut =
GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
NewConsole( );
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}

二 右键菜单
  1 右键菜单
    当在窗口点击鼠标右键时，弹出的菜单。
  2 右键菜单的使用
    2.1 创建菜单
      CreatePopupMenu
    2.2 菜单增加
     AppendMenu
    2.3 菜单的显示

BOOL TrackPopupMenu(
HMENU hMenu, //显示的菜单句柄
UINT uFlags, //显示的方式
int x, //菜单的X屏幕坐标
int y, //菜单的Y屏幕坐标
int nReserved, //保留,必须为0
HWND hWnd, //处理菜单命令的窗口句柄
CONST RECT *prcRect ); //忽略

    2.4 菜单的命令处理
     WM_COMMAND
    2.5 使用右键菜单的位置
      2.5.1 WM_RBUTTONUP 消息
        在WM_RBUTTONUP中,添加菜单的创建及显示,
        右键消息坐标,转换成屏幕坐标使用.
          ClientToScreen.
      2.5.2 WM_CONTEXTMENU 消息
        用于显示右键的菜单的消息.
          WPARAM - 右键抬起时对应窗口句柄
          LPARAM - 右键抬起时鼠标的屏幕坐标位置
             LOWORD(lParam) - X屏幕坐标
             HIWORD(lParam) - Y屏幕坐标
      2.5.3 WM_RBUTTONUP和WM_CONTEXTMENU对比
        1) 坐标系不同, WM_RBUTTONUP客户区坐标,WM_CONTEXTMENU屏幕坐标
        2) 先有WM_RBUTTONUP消息,后有WM_CONTEXTMENU消息

// PopMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
void OnRButtonUp( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
// 创建弹出式菜单
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 增加菜单项
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试1");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 获取菜单位置
POINT point = { 0 };
point.x = LOWORD( lParam );
point.y = HIWORD( lParam );
ClientToScreen( hWnd, &point );
// 显示菜单

TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
point.x, point.y, 0, hWnd, NULL );
}
void OnContextMenu( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
// 创建弹出式菜单
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 增加菜单项
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试2");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 坐标获取
int nX = LOWORD( lParam );
int nY = HIWORD( lParam );
// 显示菜单

TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
nX, nY, 0, hWnd, NULL );
// 删除菜单

DestroyMenu( hPopMenu );
}
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case 1001:
MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Popmenu",
"PopMenu", MB_OK );
break;
case 1002:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND
hWnd,
UINT
nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_RBUTTONUP:
//OnRButtonUp( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_CONTEXTMENU:
OnContextMenu( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize
= sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wce.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor
= NULL;
wce.hIcon
= NULL;
wce.hIconSm
= NULL;
wce.hInstance
= g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName
= NULL;
wce.style
= CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 ==
nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
} 

三 资源的使用

  1 资源文件
    图标、光标、字符串、菜单、加速键和对话框资源,位图资源等等。
    资源脚本文件 - 扩展名为RC文件。定义了资源和相关文件等等信息。
    资源编译器 - RC.exe
   
  2 图标资源ICON
  
    2.1 常用的几种大小: 16X16, 32X32,48X48
    2.2 使用
       HICON LoadIcon(
     HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序的句柄
      LPCTSTR lpIconName );//图标的ID字符串
    2.3 系统提供的图标
       hInstance为空, lpIconName为定义的系统图标.
    2.4 自己绘制的图标
       hInstance为图标所在的应用程序的实例句柄
    2.5 注意点：
      一个图标文件中,可以包含多种大小、颜色不同的图标，系统使用图标时，通过大小来匹配，如果未找到大小完全一致的，那么会使用大小最接近的图标格式替换。
   
  3 光标资源
   
    3.1 光标资源
      热点 Hotspot - 可以产生鼠标点击的位置
    3.2 使用
      HCURSOR LoadCursor(
    HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
      LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
    3.3 系统的光标
      hInstance为空，lpCursorName指定为系统的光标即可获得
    3.4 自绘制的光标
      hInstance不能为空。
    3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
      当鼠标在窗口内就会产生。可以在程序执行的过程中修改鼠标样式。
        wParam - 窗口句柄;
        LOWORD(lParam) - 所在位置的标识
        HIWORD(lParam) - 鼠标的消息ID
      SetCursour 设置当前窗口的光标

// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )
{
return FALSE;
}
//获得窗口的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//根据位置加载光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标

SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND
hWnd,
UINT
nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam ) )
{
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize
= sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wce.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor
=
LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) );
wce.hIcon
=
LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm
= NULL;
wce.hInstance
= g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName
= NULL;
wce.style
= CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 ==
nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}

  4 字符串资源
 
    4.1 包含字符串的资源
    4.2 使用
      int LoadString(
      HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
       UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID
        LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
        int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
      返回获取字符串的长度
     
  5 菜单资源
    5.1 添加菜单资源
    5.2 加载菜单资源
     HMENU LoadMenu(
      HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄
      LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串
     返回加载成功的菜单的句柄
    5.3 命令处理
      使用添加的菜单ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,处理菜单命令.

// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
//判断是否是位于客户区之上
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )
{
//不在客户区，返回FALSE，
//让DefWindowProc处理
return FALSE;
}
//获得窗口的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//根据位置加载光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标

SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case ID_EXIT:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
case ID_ABOUT:
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND
hWnd,
UINT
nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam ) )
{
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize
= sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wce.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor
=
LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) );
wce.hIcon
=
LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm
= NULL;
wce.hInstance
= g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName
= NULL;
wce.style
= CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 ==
nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
//加载字符串资源
CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
LoadString( g_hInst, IDS_MAIN, szText, 260 );
//加载菜单
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst,
MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) );
//创建窗口
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, szText,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}

  6 加速键资源
    6.1 加速键的作用
      可以使用加速键执行命令. 例如Ctrl+S存盘.
    6.2 加速键资源的添加
    6.3 加速键的使用
      6.3.1 加载
       HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
     HINSTANCE hInstance,//资源所在的应用程序句柄
        LPCTSTR lpTableName ); //加速键表的ID字符串
        加载成功返回加速键表的句柄
      6.3.2 增加消息处理

int TranslateAccelerator(
HWND hWnd, //处理加速键的窗口句柄
HACCEL hAccTable, //加速键表
LPMSG lpMsg );//MSG结构的地址

    6.4 关于加速键的消息
      TranslateAccelerator的作用是将WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻译成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
      当收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息时,会根据加速键表中按键和命令ID对应关系,找到相应的命令ID,然后调用窗口处理函数,执行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
      当找到对应命令ID并执行后，TranslateAccelerator返回非零，那么就不再执行后续的处理，消息循环等候下一条消息。否则，继续让消息循环中的TansnlateMessage和DispatchMessage处理。

// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
//判断是否是位于客户区之上
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )
{
//不在客户区，返回FALSE，
//让DefWindowProc处理
return FALSE;
}
//获得窗口的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//根据位置加载光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标

SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case ID_EXIT:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
case ID_ABOUT:
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND
hWnd,
UINT
nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam ) )
{
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize
= sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wce.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor
=
LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) );
wce.hIcon
=
LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm
= NULL;
wce.hInstance
= g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName
= NULL;
wce.style
= CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 ==
nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
//加载字符串资源
CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
LoadString( g_hInst, IDS_MAIN, szText, 260 );
//加载菜单
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst,
MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) );
//创建窗口
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, szText,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( HWND hWnd )
{
//加载加速键表
HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators(
g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL) );
//消息循环
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
// 增加加速键的消息处理
if( !TranslateAccelerator( hWnd, hAccel, &msg ) )
{
//字符消息处理
TranslateMessage( &msg );
//消息派发
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( hWnd );
return 0;
}

四 程序编写

  1 定时器设置
    实现定时器的关闭和打开

代码如下，这个是新建一个win32程序，选择简单的hello word程序。和之前的有点小不一样。

// WinCase.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;
// current instance
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];
// The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];
int
g_nX = 0;
int
g_nY = 0;
// The title bar text
// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM
MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL
InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK
WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT CALLBACK
About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR
lpCmdLine,
int
nCmdShow)
{
// TODO: Place code here.

MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
// Initialize global strings

LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_WINCASE, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
// Perform application initialization:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
}
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_WINCASE);
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//
//
FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
//
PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
//
COMMENTS:
//
//
This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code
//
to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx'
//
function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function
//
so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated
//
with it.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style
= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc
= (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wcex.hInstance
= hInstance;
wcex.hIcon
= LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_WINCASE);
wcex.hCursor
= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground
= (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName
= (LPCSTR)IDC_WINCASE;
wcex.lpszClassName
= szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm
= LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL);
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
//
//
FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int)
//
//
PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
//
COMMENTS:
//
//
In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
//
create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
//
//
FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG)
//
//
PURPOSE:
Processes messages for the main window.
//
//
WM_COMMAND
- process the application menu
//
WM_PAINT
- Paint the main window
//
WM_DESTROY
- post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];
LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId
= LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
// Parse the menu selections:
switch (wmId)
{
case ID_BEGIN:
SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 1 * 1000, NULL );
break;
case ID_STOP:
KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 );
break;
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
CHAR szText[] = "Hello Ball";
TextOut( hdc, g_nX, g_nY, szText,
strlen(szText) );
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_TIMER:
g_nX += 5;
g_nY += 5;
InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
// Mesage handler for about box.
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}