推送通知服务【WP7学习札记之十三】

    为什么使用推送通知服务

    Windows Phone执行模型决定只有一个第三方的应用程序可以在前台运行，应用程序不能再后台运行，不断的往Cloud拉数据。微软提供推送通知服务（Push Notification）给第三方应用程序取得更新通知的消息。由于服务器能够主动的发起通信，因此可以有效的降低手机电池的消耗。

    Windows Phone 的推送通知的完整权威描述见MSDN文档描述见：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ff402537(v=vs.92).aspx。

本节内容

• Windows Phone 的推送通知概述

• 接收 Windows Phone 的推送通知

• 发送 Windows Phone 的推送通知

• Windows Phone 的推送通知服务响应代码

• 如何设置 Windows Phone 的回调注册请求

• 设置已验证的 Web 服务以发送 Windows Phone 的推送通知

• 如何发送和接收 Windows Phone 的 Toast 通知

• 如何发送和接收 Windows Phone 的磁贴通知

• 如何发送和接收 Windows Phone 的 Raw 通知

推送消息的过程MS的描述是：

 

    上图显示了手机上运行的客户端应用程序如何从推送客户端服务 (1) 请求推送通知 URI。然后，推送客户端服务与 Microsoft 推送通知服务 (MPNS) 协商并向客户端应用程序（2 和 3）返回一个通知 URI。之后，客户端应用程序将此 URI 发送给云服务 (4)。当 Web 服务有要发送到客户端应用程序的信息时，该服务使用此 URI 向 Microsoft 推送通知服务 (5) 发送推送通知，Microsoft 推送通知服务又将此推送通知发送给在 Windows Phone 设备 (6) 上运行的应用程序。

      根据推送通知的格式以及连接到通知的负载，信息作为原始数据发送到应用程序、应用程序的磁贴在视觉上得到更新或显示 Toast 通知。发送推送通知之后，Microsoft 推送通知服务向您的 Web 服务发送一个响应代码，指示此通知已接收并且下次有机会会发送到设备。但是，Microsoft 推送通知服务不提供将推送通知从 Web 服务发送到设备的端到端通信。

Jake Lin的描述是：

使用规范：

   windows phone 7目前只允许15个第三方应用程序使用推送通知服务；

   询问用户是否使用推送通知服务；

   为用户提供取消订阅的选项。

s消息类型：

   Raw Notification：

      可以发送任何格式的数据；

      应用程序可以根据需要加工数据；

      应用程序相关的通知消息；

      ★只有在应用程序运行时才发送。

   Toast Notification：

      发送的数据为指定的xml格式；

      ★如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中；

      ★如果应用程序不在运行，弹出toast消息框显示消息：

         App图标加上两个文本描述；

         打断用户当前操作，但是是临时的；

         用户可以点击进行跟踪。

    Tile Notification：

      发送的数据为指定的xml格式；

      ★不会往应用程序进行发送；

      ★如果用户把应用程序Pin to Start，那么更新数据会发送到start screen 的tile里面：

         包含三个属性,背景、标题和计数器；

         每个属性都有固定的格式和位置；

         可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起用。

示例程序示例（Raw）：手机客户端代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;
using Microsoft.Phone.Notification;

namespace 推送通知服务
{
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
// Constructor
        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

//Holds the push channel that is created or found.
            HttpNotificationChannel pushchannel;
//The name of our push channel.
            string channelName = "RawSampleChannel";
//Try to find the push channel
            pushchannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);
// If the channel was not found, then create a new connection to the push service.
            if (pushchannel == null)
            {
                pushchannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName);
// Register for all the events before attempting to open the channel.
                pushchannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(pushchannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
                pushchannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(pushchannel_ErrorOccurred);
                pushchannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(pushchannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
                pushchannel.Open();
            }
else
            {
// The channel was already open, so just register for all the events.
                pushchannel.ChannelUriUpdated+=new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(pushchannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
                pushchannel.ErrorOccurred+=new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(pushchannel_ErrorOccurred);
                pushchannel.HttpNotificationReceived+=new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(pushchannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
// Display the URI for testing purposes. Normally, the URI would be passed back to your web service at this point.
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(pushchannel.ChannelUri.ToString());
                MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Channel Uri is {0}",
                    pushchannel.ChannelUri.ToString()));
            }
        }

void pushchannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
        {
string message;

using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
            {
                message = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }

            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
                MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Received Notification {0}:n{1}",
                    DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(), message))
                    );
        }

void pushchannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
        {
// Error handling logic for your particular application would be here.
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
                MessageBox.Show(String.Format("A push notification {0} error occurred.  {1} ({2}) {3}",
                    e.ErrorType, e.Message, e.ErrorCode, e.ErrorAdditionalData))
                    );
        }

void pushchannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
        {            
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
            {
// Display the new URI for testing purposes. Normally, the URI would be passed back to your web service at this point.
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(e.ChannelUri.ToString());
                MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Channel Uri is {0}",
                    e.ChannelUri.ToString()));
            });
        }
    }
}

云端：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;

namespace SendRaw
{
public partial class SendRaw : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

protected void ButtonSendRaw_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
try
            {
// Get the URI that the Microsoft Push Notification Service returns to the push client when creating a notification channel.
// Normally, a web service would listen for URIs coming from the web client and maintain a list of URIs to send
// notifications out to.
                string subscriptionUri = TextBoxUri.Text.ToString();
                HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(subscriptionUri);
// Create an HTTPWebRequest that posts the raw notification to the Microsoft Push Notification Service.
// HTTP POST is the only method allowed to send the notification.
                sendNotificationRequest.Method = "POST";
// Create the raw message.
                string rawMessage = "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>" +
"<root>" +
"<Value1>" + TextBoxValue1.Text.ToString() + "<Value1>" +
"<Value2>" + TextBoxValue2.Text.ToString() + "<Value2>" +
"</root>";
// Set the notification payload to send.
                byte[] notificationMessage = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(rawMessage);

// Set the web request content length.
                sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = notificationMessage.Length;
                sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml";
                sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3");
//Possible batching interval values:
//"3":The message is delivered by the push notification service immediately.
//"13":The message is delivered by the push notification service within 450 seconds.
//"23":The message is delivered by the push notification service within 900 seconds.
                using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
                }

// Send the notification and get the response.
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];

// Display the response from the Microsoft Push Notification Service.  
// Normally, error handling code would be here. In the real world, because data connections are not always available,
// notifications may need to be throttled back if the device cannot be reached.
                TextBoxResponse.Text = notificationStatus + " | " + deviceConnectionStatus + " | " + notificationChannelStatus;
            }
catch (Exception ex)
            {
                TextBoxResponse.Text = "Exception caught sending update: " + ex.ToString();
            }
        }

    }
}

运行效果截图：

Channel Uri：

手机端：

云端：