概述
socket keepalive理解
参考URL: https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao-tao/p/9718017.html
java socket编程中有个keepalive选项,看到这个选项经常会误解为长连接,不设置则为短连接,实则不然。
socket连接建立之后,只要双方均未主动关闭连接,那这个连接就是会一直保持的,就是持久的连接。keepalive只是为了防止连接的双方发生意外而通知不到对方,导致一方还持有连接,占用资源。
其实这个选项的意思是TCP连接空闲时是否需要向对方发送探测包,实际上是依赖于底层的TCP模块实现的,java中只能设置是否开启,不能设置其详细参数,只能依赖于系统配置。
SocketOptions.java 部分源码
/**
* When the keepalive option is set for a TCP socket and no data
* has been exchanged across the socket in either direction for
* 2 hours (NOTE: the actual value is implementation dependent),
* TCP automatically sends a keepalive probe to the peer. This probe is a
* TCP segment to which the peer must respond.
* One of three responses is expected:
* 1. The peer responds with the expected ACK. The application is not
* notified (since everything is OK). TCP will send another probe
* following another 2 hours of inactivity.
* 2. The peer responds with an RST, which tells the local TCP that
* the peer host has crashed and rebooted. The socket is closed.
* 3. There is no response from the peer. The socket is closed.
*
* The purpose of this option is to detect if the peer host crashes.
*
* Valid only for TCP socket: SocketImpl
*
* @see Socket#setKeepAlive
* @see Socket#getKeepAlive
*/
@Native public final static int SO_KEEPALIVE = 0x0008;
源码的意思是,如果这个连接上双方任意方向在2小时之内没有发送过数据,那么tcp会自动发送一个探测探测包给对方,这种探测包对方是必须回应的,回应结果有三种:
1.正常ack,继续保持连接;
2.对方响应rst信号,双方重新连接。
3.对方无响应。
这里说的两小时,其实是依赖于系统配置
在linux系统中(windows在注册表中,可以自行查询资料),tcp的keepalive参数
linux下查看相关命令
[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]# echo /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive* | xargs -n 1 strings -1 -f
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl: 75
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes: 9
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time: 7200
[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]#
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time 当keepalive起用的时候,TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。默认是2小时。
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl 当探测没有确认时,keepalive探测包的发送间隔。缺省是75秒。
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes 如果对方不予应答,keepalive探测包的发送次数。缺省值是9。
总结:net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 75 (发送探测包的周期,前提是当前连接一直没有数据交互,才会以该频率进行发送探测包,如果中途有数据交互,则会重新计时tcp_keepalive_time,到达规定时间没有数据交互,才会重新以该频率发送探测包)
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9 (探测失败的重试次数,发送探测包达次数限制对方依旧没有回应,则关闭自己这端的连接)
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 7200 (空闲多长时间,则发送探测包)
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