概述
前言
本文用于记录如何将自己的库上传到maven中心仓库,
- 首先我们需要注册sonatype的jira账号,然后申请创建自己的repo,等待官方审核通过之后即可拥有自己的空间;
- 我们使用gradle的maven-publish和signing插件来简化打包上传的操作,通过配置之后,即可通过gradle任务来上传到maven仓库;
- 上传时可以选择上传到snapshot存储区或者staging存储区,这两个存储去上传之后即可立刻访问,snapshot区可公开访问,而staging只能供自己或有权限的人使用,需要验证用户名密码;
- 如需要将staging区的版本公开给所有人使用,可通过sonatype网站上的release操作来公开;
创建sonatype账号及group
参考: OSSRH Guide - The Central Repository Documentation (sonatype.org)
-
创建Jira账号
-
创建issues: 创建问题 - Sonatype JIRA
创建issues并且经管理员同意后,才可以上传仓库,创建之后相当于拥有了一个group,之后可以往这个group上传其他的项目而无需再次建立issues;
新建issues之后,系统会回复,根据回复的要求进行处理即可,通过后会有类似的回复:
com.github.hanlyjiang has been prepared, now user(s) hanlyjiang can:
Deploy snapshot artifacts into repository https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots
Deploy release artifacts into the staging repository https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2
Release staged artifacts into repository 'Releases'
please comment on this ticket when you promoted your first release, thanks
即表明我们拥有了自己的group;
生成签名key
所有上传到仓库中的文件必须进行签名,否则会无法发布,所以我们需要生成签名用的key,同时还需要将key推送到公共的key服务器,然sonatype服务器可以访问到,以进行验证;
生成key
过程中需要输入密码,输入后请记住密码
gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.22; Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
gpg: 钥匙箱‘/Users/hanlyjiang/.gnupg/pubring.kbx’已创建
注意:使用 “gpg --full-generate-key” 以获得一个功能完整的密钥产生对话框。
GnuPG 需要构建用户标识以辨认您的密钥。
真实姓名: hanlyjiang
电子邮件地址: hanlyjiang@outlook.com
您选定了此用户标识:
“hanlyjiang <hanlyjiang@outlook.com>”
更改姓名(N)、注释(C)、电子邮件地址(E)或确定(O)/退出(Q)? o
我们需要生成大量的随机字节。在质数生成期间做些其他操作(敲打键盘
、移动鼠标、读写硬盘之类的)将会是一个不错的主意;这会让随机数
发生器有更好的机会获得足够的熵。
我们需要生成大量的随机字节。在质数生成期间做些其他操作(敲打键盘
、移动鼠标、读写硬盘之类的)将会是一个不错的主意;这会让随机数
发生器有更好的机会获得足够的熵。
gpg: 密钥 E8A99FE282B70849 被标记为绝对信任
gpg: 吊销证书已被存储为‘/Users/hanlyjiang/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849.rev’
公钥和私钥已经生成并被签名。
pub rsa3072 2021-05-24 [SC] [有效至:2023-05-24]
0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
uid hanlyjiang <hanlyjiang@outlook.com>
sub rsa3072 2021-05-24 [E] [有效至:2023-05-24]
列出key
gpg --list-keys
gpg: 正在检查信任度数据库
gpg: 绝对信任密钥 8F5EC255E5A0D063 的公钥未找到
gpg: 绝对信任密钥 4150E419D483B9A6 的公钥未找到
gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
gpg: 深度:0 有效性: 3 已签名: 0 信任度:0-,0q,0n,0m,0f,3u
gpg: 下次信任度数据库检查将于 2023-05-24 进行
/Users/hanlyjiang/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
------------------------------------
pub rsa3072 2021-05-24 [SC] [有效至:2023-05-24]
0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
uid [ 绝对 ] hanlyjiang <hanlyjiang@outlook.com>
sub rsa3072 2021-05-24 [E] [有效至:2023-05-24]
发送key到服务器
提示:
如果一个key服务器不通的话,可以换一个重新来一遍,只要上传成功一个即可。
key需要发送到服务器上,以便sonatype获取并校验签名,通过如下命令上传:
设置key的信息:
KEY_SERVER=hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net
KEY_ID=0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
上传:
$ gpg --keyserver $KEY_SERVER --send-keys $KEY_ID
gpg: 正在发送密钥 E8A99FE282B70849 到 hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net
查看是否成功:
KEY_SERVER=hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net
gpg --keyserver $KEY_SERVER --recv-keys $KEY_ID
可用的key-server:
hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com
hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net
hkp://keys.openpgp.org
hkp://keys.gnupg.net
hkp://keys.openpgp.org
导出key
导出公钥:
gpg -a -o ~/.gnupg/maven-pub.key --export $KEY_ID
导出私钥:(需要输入密码)
gpg -a -o ~/.gnupg/maven-prv.key --export-secret-keys $KEY_ID
导出gpgkey:
gpg --keyring secring.gpg --export-secret-keys > ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
gradle配置
官方关于Gradle下上传的说明在这里 Gradle - The Central Repository Documentation (sonatype.org),这个文章中使用的是maven插件,另外还有一个maven-publish插件,我们使用maven-publish这个插件;
gradle.properties
修改gradle配置:
# ~/.gradle/gradle.properties 写入如下内容:
ossrhUsername=hanlyjiang # jira的用户名
ossrhPassword=#jira的密码
# 公钥ID的后8位 0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
signing.keyId=82B70849
signing.password=生成key时的密码
signing.secretKeyRingFile=/Users/hanlyjiang/.gnupg/secring.gpg
用户名和密码可以随意命名,只要自己在build.gradle对应上就可以
而 signing 的配置则需要保持名称一致。
build.gradle:
参考:
- [使用 Maven Publish 插件 | Android 开发者 | Android Developers (google.cn)](https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/build/maven-publish-plugin?hl=zh-cn#:~:text=使用 Maven Publish 插件 Android Gradle 插件 3.6.0,Gradle 插件会为应用或库模块中的每个构建变体工件创建一个 组件 ,您可以使用它来自定义要发布到 Maven 代码库的 发布内容 。)
- Maven Publish Plugin (gradle.org)
我们在需要上传的项目中配置,注意pom中的信息也需要补全,否则上传之后无法通过sonatype的检查,无法发布;
⚠️注意: 有的人的上传地址可能是 https://s01.oss.sonatype.org 的域名,如:
https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots
https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/
plugins {
id 'com.android.library'
id 'signing'
id 'maven-publish'
}
def VERSION="1.0.1"
android {
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 22
targetSdkVersion 30
versionCode 1
versionName VERSION
}
}
// Because the components are created only during the afterEvaluate phase, you must
// configure your publications using the afterEvaluate() lifecycle method.
afterEvaluate {
publishing {
repositories {
maven {
name "local"
// change to point to your repo, e.g. http://my.org/repo
url = "$buildDir/repo"
}
maven {
name "sonartype-Staging"
// change to point to your repo, e.g. http://my.org/repo
url = "https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2"
// https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/
credentials {
username = ossrhUsername
password = ossrhPassword
}
}
// 定义snapshot仓库
maven {
name "sonatype-Snapshots"
// change to point to your repo, e.g. http://my.org/repo
url = "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/"
credentials {
username = ossrhUsername
password = ossrhPassword
}
}
}
publications {
// Creates a Maven publication called "release".
release(MavenPublication) {
// Applies the component for the release build variant.
from components.release
// You can then customize attributes of the publication as shown below.
groupId = 'com.github.hanlyjiang'
artifactId = 'apf_library'
version = VERSION
pom {
name = 'HJ Android Plugin Framework'
description = 'A Android Plugin Framework'
url = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
licenses {
license {
name='The Apache Software License, Version 2.0'
url='http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt'
}
}
developers {
developer {
id = 'hanlyjiang'
name = 'hanly jiang'
email = 'hanlyjiang@outlook.com'
}
}
scm {
connection = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
developerConnection = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library.git'
url = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
}
}
}
// Creates a Maven publication called “debug”.
debug(MavenPublication) {
// Applies the component for the debug build variant.
from components.debug
groupId = 'com.github.hanlyjiang'
artifactId = 'apf_library-debug'
version = String.format("%s-SNAPSHOT",VERSION)
pom {
name = 'HJ Android Plugin Framework'
description = 'A Android Plugin Framework'
url = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
licenses {
license {
name='The Apache Software License, Version 2.0'
url='http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt'
}
}
developers {
developer {
id = 'hanlyjiang'
name = 'hanly jiang'
email = 'hanlyjiang@outlook.com'
}
}
scm {
connection = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
developerConnection = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library.git'
url = 'https://github.com/hanlyjiang/apf-library'
}
}
}
}
signing {
sign publishing.publications.release , publishing.publications.debug
}
}
}
发布脚本配置中有以下需要注意:
- groupId:需要配置自己申请的 groupId;
- artifactId:需要修改为自己项目的 artifactId;
- pom 中的文件描述需要修改为自己项目的描述;
- repositories 部分配置了远程仓库对应的用户名和密码,发布地址需要根据是否是新项目进行修改,旧项目域名是 oss.sonatype.org,新项目域名是:s01.oss.sonatype.org
- signing 签名部分需要配置对应的 gpg 密钥和账户信息
关于maven 仓库的注意点:
- snapshots仓库上传的库,其版本号需要以
-SNAPSHOT
结尾,否则可能出现400错误;
执行上传任务
执行gradle 对应的任务即可上传
$ module=apf-library; ./gradlew "$module":publishReleasePublicationToCenterRepository
具体生成的任务可以在AndroidStudio 的Gradle工具窗口中查看publishing分组的任务;或者通过如下命令查看
$ module=apf-library; ./gradlew "$module":tasks| grep -E "publish|generate" generateMetadataFileForDebugPublication - Generates the Gradle metadata file for publication 'debug'. generateMetadataFileForReleasePublication - Generates the Gradle metadata file for publication 'release'. generatePomFileForDebugPublication - Generates the Maven POM file for publication 'debug'. generatePomFileForReleasePublication - Generates the Maven POM file for publication 'release'. publish - Publishes all publications produced by this project. publishAllPublicationsToCenterRepository - Publishes all Maven publications produced by this project to the center repository. publishAllPublicationsToLocalRepository - Publishes all Maven publications produced by this project to the local repository. publishDebugPublicationToCenterRepository - Publishes Maven publication 'debug' to Maven repository 'center'. publishDebugPublicationToLocalRepository - Publishes Maven publication 'debug' to Maven repository 'local'. publishDebugPublicationToMavenLocal - Publishes Maven publication 'debug' to the local Maven repository. publishReleasePublicationToCenterRepository - Publishes Maven publication 'release' to Maven repository 'center'. publishReleasePublicationToLocalRepository - Publishes Maven publication 'release' to Maven repository 'local'. publishReleasePublicationToMavenLocal - Publishes Maven publication 'release' to the local Maven repository. publishToMavenLocal - Publishes all Maven publications produced by this project to the local Maven cache.
发布
- close
- release
参考:
- Releasing the Deployment - The Central Repository Documentation (sonatype.org)
首先需要解释下这里的发布指的什么意思:我们的仓库上传之后,实际上是存储与一个临时的独立与公有仓库的地方,这个只能我们自己访问,如果需要将仓库提供给其他人访问,就需要发布;发布的过程可以手动在web页面上操作,也可以通过命令行来进行;
发布需要取sonatype的网站上操作,以下为操作步骤:
-
打开 Nexus Repository Manager (sonatype.org)
-
然后登录,登录之后可以看到
Build Promotion
的菜单,然后打开Staging Repository
,其中会显示已经上传的仓库: -
选中一个staging repo,然后点击
Close
,并进行确认 -
结果可以在Activity中查看
上面的错误是找不到key,我们重新将key上传到ubuntu:
gpg --keyserver $KEY_SERVER --send-keys 0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
gpg --keyserver $KEY_SERVER --recv-keys 0B372361CC1A9AE2452D43FDE8A99FE282B70849
然后再次close
-
然后再进行release
-
完成后,会发一个邮件通知,然后会更新jira上创建项目的issues:
引入并使用
引入snapshot或staging版本
可通过如下路径确认自己的库是否上传成功(注意将后面的路径替换为自己的):
- Snapshot: https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/com/github/hanlyjiang/
- Release: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/github/hanlyjiang/
snapshot和staging的仓库中的版本可在推送后立即访问,不过只能自己访问,需要验证用户名和密码。
添加以下repo配置:
allprojects {
repositories {
maven {
name = "Sonatype-Snapshots"
setUrl("https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots")
// setUrl("https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots")
credentials(PasswordCredentials::class.java) {
username = property("ossrhUsername").toString()
password = property("ossrhPassword").toString()
}
}
maven {
name = "Sonatype-Staging"
setUrl("https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/")
// setUrl("https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/")
credentials(PasswordCredentials::class.java) {
username = property("ossrhUsername").toString()
password = property("ossrhPassword").toString()
}
}
google()
jcenter()
mavenCentral()
}
}
引入release版本
如果需要公开发布给自己或其他人使用,则需要release,release操作之后距离可以访问到有一定的时间周期,下面是一次release后收到的官方的邮件:
Central sync is activated for com.github.hanlyjiang. After you successfully release, your component will be published to Central https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/, typically within 10 minutes, though updates to https://search.maven.org can take up to two hours.
也就是说从maven中心仓库中查询需要10分钟左右,从网页搜索则需要2个小时,可以访问:https://search.maven.org 来搜索,可以通过访问 https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ 来确认是否被索引了,如果被索引,则可以引入到项目之中;
在gradle中使用则只需要导入mavenCenter() 即可;
rootProject build.gradle:
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
mavenCentral()
}
}
app build.gradle:
implementation("com.github.hanlyjiang:apf_library:1.0")
kotlin中使用
配置
import org.gradle.api.publish.maven.MavenPom
plugins {
id("com.android.library")
id("signing")
`maven-publish`
// kotlin("android")
// kotlin("android.extensions")
}
android {
// 省略android配置
}
fun getMyPom(): Action<in MavenPom> {
return Action<MavenPom> {
name.set("Android Common Utils Lib")
description.set("Android Common Utils Library For HJ")
url.set("https://github.com/hanlyjiang/lib_common_utils")
properties.set(mapOf(
"myProp" to "value",
"prop.with.dots" to "anotherValue"
))
licenses {
license {
name.set("The Apache License, Version 2.0")
url.set("http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt")
}
}
developers {
developer {
id.set("hanlyjiang")
name.set("Hanly Jiang")
email.set("hanlyjiang@outlook.com")
}
}
scm {
connection.set("scm:git:git://github.com/hanlyjiang/lib_common_utils.git")
developerConnection.set("scm:git:ssh://github.com/hanlyjiang/lib_common_utils.git")
url.set("https://github.com/hanlyjiang/lib_common_utils")
}
}
}
afterEvaluate {
publishing {
publications {
create<MavenPublication>("release") {
from(components.getByName("release"))
groupId = "com.github.hanlyjiang"
artifactId = "android_common_utils"
version = android.defaultConfig.versionName
pom(getMyPom())
}
}
repositories {
val ossrhCredentials = Action<PasswordCredentials> {
username = properties["ossrhUsername"].toString()
password = properties["ossrhPassword"].toString()
}
// sonar的仓库,地址根据项目的版本号来确定是snapshot还是正式仓库
maven {
name = "Sonartype"
val releasesRepoUrl = uri("https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2")
val snapshotsRepoUrl = uri("https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/")
url = if (android.defaultConfig.versionName.toString().endsWith("SNAPSHOT")) snapshotsRepoUrl else releasesRepoUrl
credentials(ossrhCredentials)
// snapshot的地址:
// https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/com/github/hanlyjiang/android_common_utils/
}
// 项目本地的仓库
maven {
name = "ProjectLocal"
val releasesRepoUrl = uri(layout.buildDirectory.dir("repos/releases"))
val snapshotsRepoUrl = uri(layout.buildDirectory.dir("repos/snapshots"))
url = if (android.defaultConfig.versionName.toString().endsWith("SNAPSHOT")) snapshotsRepoUrl else releasesRepoUrl
}
}
}
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54654376/why-is-publishing-function-not-being-found-in-my-custom-gradle-kts-file-within
signing {
sign(publishing.publications.getByName("release"))
}
}
问题:
A problem occurred configuring project ':lib_common_utils'.
> SoftwareComponentInternal with name 'java' not found.
maven plugin - Why is ‘publishing’ function not being found in my custom gradle.kts file within buildSrc directory? - Stack Overflow
Maven Publish Plugin (gradle.org)
上传javadoc和source
添加javadoc和jarsource的任务
tasks.register("javadoc", Javadoc::class.java) {
group = "publishing"
dependsOn("assemble")
source = android.sourceSets["main"].java.getSourceFiles()
classpath += project.files(android.bootClasspath + File.pathSeparator)
if (JavaVersion.current().isJava9Compatible) {
(options as StandardJavadocDocletOptions).addBooleanOption("html5", true)
}
android.libraryVariants.forEach { libraryVariant ->
classpath += libraryVariant.javaCompileProvider.get().classpath
}
options.apply {
encoding("UTF-8")
charset("UTF-8")
isFailOnError = false
(this as StandardJavadocDocletOptions).apply {
addStringOption("Xdoclint:none")
links?.add("https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/")
links?.add("http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/")
}
}
}
tasks.register("jarSource", Jar::class.java) {
group = "publishing"
from(android.sourceSets["main"].java.srcDirs)
archiveClassifier.set("sources")
}
tasks.register("jarJavadoc", Jar::class.java) {
group = "publishing"
dependsOn("javadoc")
val javadoc: Javadoc = tasks.getByName("javadoc") as Javadoc
from(javadoc.destinationDir)
archiveClassifier.set("javadoc")
}
publish中使用
afterEvaluate {
publishing {
publications {
create<MavenPublication>("release") {
from(components.getByName("release"))
groupId = "com.github.hanlyjiang"
artifactId = "android_common_utils"
version = android.defaultConfig.versionName
pom(getMyPom())
// 添加javadoc
artifact(tasks.getByName("jarJavadoc") as Jar)
// 添加source
artifact(tasks.getByName("jarSource") as Jar)
}
}
repositories {
val ossrhCredentials = Action<PasswordCredentials> {
username = properties["ossrhUsername"].toString()
password = properties["ossrhPassword"].toString()
}
// sonar的仓库,地址根据项目的版本号来确定是snapshot还是正式仓库
maven {
name = "Sonartype"
val releasesRepoUrl = uri("https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2")
val snapshotsRepoUrl = uri("https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/")
url = if (android.defaultConfig.versionName.toString().endsWith("SNAPSHOT")) snapshotsRepoUrl else releasesRepoUrl
credentials(ossrhCredentials)
// snapshot的地址:
// https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/com/github/hanlyjiang/android_common_utils/
}
// 项目本地的仓库
maven {
name = "ProjectLocal"
val releasesRepoUrl = uri(layout.buildDirectory.dir("repos/releases"))
val snapshotsRepoUrl = uri(layout.buildDirectory.dir("repos/snapshots"))
url = if (android.defaultConfig.versionName.toString().endsWith("SNAPSHOT")) snapshotsRepoUrl else releasesRepoUrl
}
}
}
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54654376/why-is-publishing-function-not-being-found-in-my-custom-gradle-kts-file-within
signing {
sign(publishing.publications.getByName("release"))
}
}
❌ 错误记录
400 错误
maven publish Received status code 400 from server
可能的原因: maven 仓库分两个,一个是snapshot仓库,一个是release 仓库,如果将snapshot版本(版本号带SNAPSHOT)的包上传到Release仓库的地址,则会报错。
参考文章
- Android maven仓库和jcenter上传 (shimo.im)
- [OSSRH-55238] Create a open source project for android - Sonatype JIRA
- Gradle - The Central Repository Documentation (sonatype.org)
- Jcenter 停止服务,说一说我们的迁移方案 - InfoQ 写作平台
- 使用 Maven Publish 插件 | Android 开发者 | Android Developers (google.cn)
最后
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