概述
Android Bluetooth源码静态类图如下:
使用低功耗蓝牙需要用到的权限:
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<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.BLUETOOTH"
/>
<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"
/>
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下面介绍怎样使用BLE:
1、准备BLE
1)获取BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter是从系统服务获取到的,全系统就一个。
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// Initializes Bluetooth adapter.
final
BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
(BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
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2)检测蓝牙是否打开
如果蓝牙未打开,系统会自动打开,会弹出系统框展示打开蓝牙。
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private
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
...
// Ensures Bluetooth is available on the device and it is enabled. If not,
// displays a dialog requesting user permission to enable Bluetooth.
if
(mBluetoothAdapter ==
null
|| !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent =
new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
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2、查找BLE设备
因为扫描BLE设备是电源密集型操作,浪费电量,因此要保证以下原则:
1)扫描到需要的设备后,马上停止扫描;
2)给扫描一个时间限制
扫描示例代码如下:
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/**
* Activity for scanning and displaying available BLE devices.
*/
public
class
DeviceScanActivity
extends
ListActivity {
private
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private
boolean
mScanning;
private
Handler mHandler;
// Stops scanning after 10 seconds.
private
static
final
long
SCAN_PERIOD =
10000
;
...
private
void
scanLeDevice(
final
boolean
enable) {
if
(enable) {
// Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
mHandler.postDelayed(
new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
mScanning =
false
;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
}, SCAN_PERIOD);
mScanning =
true
;
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
else
{
mScanning =
false
;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
...
}
...
}
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如果只是要扫描到特定类型的设备,则使用接口 startLeScan(UUID[], BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback),通过UUID来查找设备。
扫描回调的代码如下所示:
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private
LeDeviceListAdapter mLeDeviceListAdapter;
...
// Device scan callback.
private
BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
new
BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
@Override
public
void
onLeScan(
final
BluetoothDevice device,
int
rssi,
byte
[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(
new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
};
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注意:我们既可以扫描BLE设备,也可以扫描普通蓝牙设备,也可以同时将BLE设备和普通蓝牙设备一起扫描到。
3、连接到GATT Server
获取到BluetoothGatt实例,
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mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(
this
,
false
, mGattCallback);
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具体实例如下:
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// A service that interacts with the BLE device via the Android BLE API.
public
class
BluetoothLeService
extends
Service {
private
final
static
String TAG = BluetoothLeService.
class
.getSimpleName();
private
BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
private
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private
String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
private
BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
private
int
mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
private
static
final
int
STATE_DISCONNECTED =
0
;
private
static
final
int
STATE_CONNECTING =
1
;
private
static
final
int
STATE_CONNECTED =
2
;
public
final
static
String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED"
;
public
final
static
String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED"
;
public
final
static
String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED"
;
public
final
static
String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE"
;
public
final
static
String EXTRA_DATA =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA"
;
public
final
static
UUID UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT =
UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT);
// Various callback methods defined by the BLE API.
private
final
BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback =
new
BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public
void
onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt,
int
status,
int
newState) {
String intentAction;
if
(newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
Log.i(TAG,
"Connected to GATT server."
);
Log.i(TAG,
"Attempting to start service discovery:"
+
mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
}
else
if
(newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
Log.i(TAG,
"Disconnected from GATT server."
);
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
}
}
@Override
// New services discovered
public
void
onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt,
int
status) {
if
(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
}
else
{
Log.w(TAG,
"onServicesDiscovered received: "
+ status);
}
}
@Override
// Result of a characteristic read operation
public
void
onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
int
status) {
if
(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
...
};
...
}
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其中,discoverService方式是异步的,它的回调方法是上面代码中的onServiceDiscovered。
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private
void
broadcastUpdate(
final
String action) {
final
Intent intent =
new
Intent(action);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
private
void
broadcastUpdate(
final
String action,
final
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
final
Intent intent =
new
Intent(action);
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
// parsing is carried out as per profile specifications.
if
(UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
int
flag = characteristic.getProperties();
int
format = -
1
;
if
((flag &
0x01
) !=
0
) {
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
Log.d(TAG,
"Heart rate format UINT16."
);
}
else
{
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
Log.d(TAG,
"Heart rate format UINT8."
);
}
final
int
heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format,
1
);
Log.d(TAG, String.format(
"Received heart rate: %d"
, heartRate));
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
}
else
{
// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
final
byte
[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if
(data !=
null
&& data.length >
0
) {
final
StringBuilder stringBuilder =
new
StringBuilder(data.length);
for
(
byte
byteChar : data)
stringBuilder.append(String.format(
"%02X "
, byteChar));
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA,
new
String(data) +
"n"
+
stringBuilder.toString());
}
}
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
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// Handles various events fired by the Service.
// ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED: connected to a GATT server.
// ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED: disconnected from a GATT server.
// ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED: discovered GATT services.
// ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE: received data from the device. This can be a
// result of read or notification operations.
private
final
BroadcastReceiver mGattUpdateReceiver =
new
BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
final
String action = intent.getAction();
if
(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) {
mConnected =
true
;
updateConnectionState(R.string.connected);
invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
else
if
(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) {
mConnected =
false
;
updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected);
invalidateOptionsMenu();
clearUI();
}
else
if
(BluetoothLeService.
ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) {
// Show all the supported services and characteristics on the
// user interface.
displayGattServices(mBluetoothLeService.getSupportedGattServices());
}
else
if
(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) {
displayData(intent.getStringExtra(BluetoothLeService.EXTRA_DATA));
}
}
};
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4、读BLE属性
一旦获取到GATT的Services,就可以读写他们的属性了,实例如下:
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public
class
DeviceControlActivity
extends
Activity {
...
// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
// Services/Characteristics.
// In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// ExpandableListView on the UI.
private
void
displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
if
(gattServices ==
null
)
return
;
String uuid =
null
;
String unknownServiceString = getResources().
getString(R.string.unknown_service);
String unknownCharaString = getResources().
getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic);
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData =
new
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData
=
new
ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>();
mGattCharacteristics =
new
ArrayList<ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>>();
// Loops through available GATT Services.
for
(BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();
currentServiceData.put(
LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.
lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString));
currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData =
new
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =
gattService.getCharacteristics();
ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas =
new
ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>();
// Loops through available Characteristics.
for
(BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic :
gattCharacteristics) {
charas.add(gattCharacteristic);
HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();
currentCharaData.put(
LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid,
unknownCharaString));
currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);
}
mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);
gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);
}
...
}
...
}
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在获取Service的时候,每个蓝牙设备都会有两个默认的Service,它们和对应的UUID分别如下:
Bluetooth Generic Access Profile {00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb}
Bluetooth Generic Attribute Profile {00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}
5、收到GATT通知
如果设备主动给手机发信息,则可以通过notification的方式,这种方式不用手机去轮询地读设备上的数据。手机可以用如下方式给设备设置notification功能。
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private
BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic;
boolean
enabled;
...
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
...
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(
UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
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如果notificaiton方式对于某个Characteristic是enable的,那么当设备上的这个Characteristic改变时,手机上的
onCharacteristicChanged()
回调就会被促发。如下所示:
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@Override
// Characteristic notification
public
void
onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
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6、关闭客户端蓝牙
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public
void
close() {
if
(mBluetoothGatt ==
null
) {
return
;
}
mBluetoothGatt.close();
mBluetoothGatt =
null
;
}
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最后
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