完美解决 Linux安装python2.7 方案Linux下安装python 2.7

74 阅读 0 评论 49 点赞

我是靠谱客的博主酷炫导师，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍完美解决 Linux安装python2.7 方案Linux下安装python 2.7，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

Linux下安装python 2.7

安装依赖的库

yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

Python

**================================================= **

下载python 2.7.13

www.python.org

[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software
[root@server2 ~]# cd /software/
[root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz
[root@server2 software]# ll
总用量 36852
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月  17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz

解压文件

[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz

进入目录

[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13

编译安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared
[root@server2 Python-2.7.< span  class = “ hljs-number ” > 13  ] < span  class = “ hljs-comment ” >＃make＆amp; ＆安培; make altinstall

备份旧python相关命令

===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目录下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可

[root@server2 Python-<span class="hljs-number">2.7</span>.<span class="hljs-number">13</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old  </span>
[root@server2 Python-<span class="hljs-number">2.7</span>.<span class="hljs-number">13</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old</span>
[root@server2 Python-<span class="hljs-number">2.7</span>.<span class="hljs-number">13</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old</span>

新版本python命令做软连接，快捷使用

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

测试python是否可以正常使用

[root@server2 ~]# python
Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

安装pip

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/
[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
[root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py

查找pip的位置

[root@server2 software]# find / -name pip
/usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip

找到pip2.7的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

测试pip是否可用

[root@server2 software]# pip install Pillow
Collecting Pillow
  Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s 
Collecting olefile (from Pillow)
  Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: olefile
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9b
Successfully built olefile
Installing collected packages: olefile, Pillow
Successfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44

安装easy_install

下载最新版的easy_install，然后安装

[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
[root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py

找到easy_install的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install

测试easy_install是否可用

<pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="ruby">[root@server2 software]<span class="hljs-comment"># easy_install beautifulsoup4</span>
Searching <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> beautifulsoup4
Reading <span class="hljs-symbol">https:</span>/<span class="hljs-regexp">/pypi.python.org/simple</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/beautifulsoup4/</span>
Downloading <span class="hljs-symbol">https:</span>/<span class="hljs-regexp">/pypi.python.org/packages</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/9b/a</span>5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>.tar.gz<span class="hljs-comment">#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6</span>
Best <span class="hljs-symbol">match:</span> beautifulsoup4 <span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>
Processing beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>/setup.cfg
Running beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5
zip_safe flag <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> set; analyzing archive contents...
Moving beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>-py2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>.egg to /usr/local/python2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>/lib/python2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>/site-packages
Adding beautifulsoup4 <span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span> to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/local/python2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>/lib/python2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-<span class="hljs-number">4.5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">3</span>-py2.<span class="hljs-number">7</span>.egg
Processing dependencies <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> beautifulsoup4
Finished processing dependencies <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> beautifulsoup4
</code></pre>

yum 安装工具只支持系统自带的python版本，修改配置文件使其可正常使用

查看原版本python

[root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   34 4月  11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 2月  15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6  ==> 这个就是系统自带的python 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 4月  11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old

修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python  ===>  修改为  #!/usr/bin/python2.6

测试yum是否可用

[root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理

好了，大功告成。

优化

编写一键安装python2.7的脚本

由于Centos 6.x的系统默认都是python2.6 ，如果服务器需要用2.7环境的话每台都得手动操作升级，工作量比较大，编写脚本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默认的python都是2.7.5版本）

创建用于存放python脚本的目录

[root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/
[root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/

开始编写脚本 install_py27.sh

<pre class="hljs bash"><code class="bash"><span class="hljs-meta">#!/bin/sh </span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># __author__ = 'junxi'</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ......</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># write by 2017/04/11</span>

<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"##############start run install for python2.7 script############"</span>
yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel
mkdir /software
mv Python-2.7.13.tgz /software
<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /software
tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz
<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> Python-2.7.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7 --with-threads --<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span>-shared
make
make altinstall
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old
mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64
<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /software
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
ln -s /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"############更换pip源为国内淘宝源##########"</span>
mkdir /root/.pip/
touch /root/.pip/pip.conf
cat &gt;&gt; /root/.pip/pip.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
[global]
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 

[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
EOF

pip install Pillow
sed -i <span class="hljs-string">'s#/usr/bin/python#/usr/bin/python2.6#g'</span> /usr/bin/yum
yum -y install python-devel
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'the install script is the end......'</span>
</code></pre>

把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh脚本下载下来，放在同一个目录下：
运行下面命令进行安装

/bin/sh install_py27.sh

安装完成后执行python查看版本

<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 126px; background-color: transparent;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 17.19%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="733" data-height="126"><img data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/4262139-1e50ce5fc53a6e3e.png" data-original-width="733" data-original-height="126" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="16442" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="" src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/4262139-1e50ce5fc53a6e3e.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/733/format/webp"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption"></div>
</div>

原文地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/6425d18d3e47