概述
• 一、配置OPENSSL
[root@test1 /]#rpm -qa|grep openssl
openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.5.i686
[root@test1 /]# cd/etc/pki/tls
[root@test1 tls]#ls
cert.pem certs misc openssl.cnf private
[root@test1 tls]#vim openssl.cnf
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
Dir = /etc/pki/CA #(CA中心的目录)
Certs = $dir/certs # (证书保存目录)
crl_dir = $dir/crl #(被吊销证书的目录)
database = $dir/index.txt # (证书索引文件)
#unique_subject =no #Set to 'no' to allow creation of
# severalctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts #(经过CA中心签名的证书备份目录)
certificate =$dir/my-ca.crt # (CA的用于签名的证书)
serial =$dir/serial #(CA中心的颁发证书序列号)
crlnumber =$dir/crlnumber #(已吊销证书序列号)
# must becommented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl =$dir/my-ca.crl #证书吊销列表
private_key =$dir/private/my-ca.key # CA私钥文件
RANDFILE =$dir/private/.rand # private random number file
x509_extensions =usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert
default_days =365 #证书有效期
default_crl_days = 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md =default # use public key default MD
preserve =no # keep passed DN ordering
[ policy_match ] #此段为证书相关信息选项，其中match指定的项，要求被签名证书一定要与CA的对应项一致。
countryName =match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName =supplied
emailAddress =optional
[req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default =CN （国家代码需要自己修改）
countryName_min =2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName =State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default =Hebei （州或省名需要自己修改）
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default =Beijing（地点名称需要自己修改）
0.organizationName =Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default =Tianli(组织或公司名需要自己修改)
[root@test1 tls]#cd ../CA/
[root@test1 CA]#ls
certs crl newcerts private
注：需要有这几个目录，如果没有可以自己新建
[root@test1 CA]#touch index.txt
[root@test1 CA]#echo "00"> serial
[root@test1 CA]#ls
certs crl index.txt newcerts private serial
二、创建密钥过程
创建私钥
[root@test1CA]#(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/my-ca.key -des3 2048)
Generating RSAprivate key, 2048 bit long modulus
............................................................+++
..........+++
e is 65537(0x10001)
Enter pass phrasefor private/my-ca.key:
Verifying - Enterpass phrase for private/my-ca.key:
由私钥生成公钥
[root@test1CA]#openssl req -new -x509 -key private/my-ca.key -days 365 > my-ca.crt
Enter pass phrasefor private/my-ca.key:
You are about tobe asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into yourcertificate request.
What you are aboutto enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite afew fields but you can leave some blank
For some fieldsthere will be a default value,
If you enter '.',the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2letter code) [CN]:CN
State or ProvinceName (full name) []:Hebei
Locality Name (eg,city) [Beijing]:Beijing
Organization Name(eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Tianli Company
OrganizationalUnit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg,your name or your server's hostname) []:test1
Email Address []:
[root@test1 CA]#ls
certs crl index.txt my-ca.crt newcerts private serial
三、客户端验证CA服务
主机端(192.168.1.130)上：
[root@test1CA]#yum -y install httpd
[root@test1CA]#service httpd start
[root@test1CA]#mkdir -p /var/www/html/yum
[root@test1 CA]#cpmy-ca.crt /var/www/html/yum 将my-ca.crt,即公钥放到http服务器，供其他人下载
另外客户端(192.168.1.117)上：
[root@test2Desktop]#openssl genrsa 1024 > test2.key
Generating RSAprivate key, 1024 bit long modulus
.....................++++++
.......++++++
e is 65537(0x10001)
[root@test2Desktop]#openssl req -new -key test2.key -out dovecot.csr
You are about tobe asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into yourcertificate request.
What you are aboutto enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite afew fields but you can leave some blank
For some fieldsthere will be a default value,
If you enter '.',the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2letter code) [XX]:CN
State or ProvinceName (full name) []:Hebei
Locality Name (eg,city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name(eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Tianli Company
OrganizationalUnit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg,your name or your server's hostname) []:test2
Email Address []:
Please enter thefollowing 'extra' attributes
to be sent withyour certificate request
A challengepassword []:
An optionalcompany name []:
[root@test2Desktop]# scp dovecot.csr root@192.168.1.130:/root/
root@192.168.1.130'spassword:
dovecot.csr 100% 668 0.7KB/s 00:00
四、服务端签发CA证书
在CA认证服务器上
[root@test1 ~]#openssl ca -in dovecot.csr -out dovecot.cst
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
Check that therequest matches the signature
Signature ok
CertificateDetails:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Jan 22 10:44:36 2013GMT
Not After : Jan 22 10:44:36 2014GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = Hebei
organizationName = Tianli Company
commonName = test2
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
56:69:58:12:67:C7:FC:9E:AC:70:1D:2A:2C:56:A4:E1:61:97:B2:23
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:4C:45:25:5F:60:7F:F8:6E:6F:B4:53:C4:FB:BD:A3:C6:82:AE:2A:62
Certificate is tobe certified until Jan 22 10:44:36 2014 GMT (365 days)
Sign thecertificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out databasewith 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
最后签发成功。
吊销证书：
[root@test1 ~]#openssl ca -revoke my-ca.crt
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
Adding Entry withserial number B443BCCFCD08C1CD to DB for /C=CN/ST=Hebei/L=Beijing/O=DefaultCompany Ltd/CN=test1
RevokingCertificate B443BCCFCD08C1CD.
Data Base Updated
生成吊销证书列表
[root@test1 ~]#openssl ca -gencrl -out my-ca.crl
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
unable to loadnumber from /etc/pki/CA/crlnumber
error whileloading CRL number
3079087852:error:0D066096:asn1encoding routines:a2i_ASN1_INTEGER:short line:f_int.c:215:
出现error while loading CRL number，解决办法给crlnumber赋值
[root@test1 ~]#echo "00" >/etc/pki/CA/crlnumber
[root@test1 ~]#openssl ca -gencrl -out my-ca.crl
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
[root@test1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg dovecot.csr install.log my-ca.crl Public
dead.letter dovecot.cst install.log.syslog my-ca.crt Templates
Desktop dovecot.pem Music test2.key
Documents Downloads Pictures Videos
[root@test1 ~]#cat my-ca.crl
-----BEGIN X509CRL-----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-----END X509CRL-----
在签发证书的过程中容易出现的两个问题
问题一：
[root@test1 ~]#openssl ca -in dovecot.csr -out dovecot.cst
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
unable to loadnumber from /etc/pki/CA/serial
error whileloading serial number
3078239980:error:0D066096:asn1encoding routines:a2i_ASN1_INTEGER:short line:f_int.c:215:
提示error while loading serial number，一般是因为serial文件中没有赋初值
解决办法
[root@test1 ~]#cd/etc/pki/CA
[root@test1 CA]#echo "00" >serial
[root@test1 CA]#cat serial
00
问题二：
在CA签名时，最后出现failed to update database错误
[root@test1~]#openssl ca -in dovecot.csr -out dovecot.crt
Usingconfiguration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrasefor /etc/pki/CA/private/my-ca.key:
Check that therequest matches the signature
Signature ok
CertificateDetails:
Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
Validity
Not Before: Jan 23 02:23:39 2013GMT
Not After : Jan 23 02:23:39 2014GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = Hebei
organizationName = Tianli Company
commonName = test2
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
96:86:28:B7:ED:2E:96:79:32:88:7E:C3:23:37:02:BC:43:1C:76:87
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:4C:45:25:5F:60:7F:F8:6E:6F:B4:53:C4:FB:BD:A3:C6:82:AE:2A:62
Certificate is tobe certified until Jan 23 02:23:39 2014 GMT (365 days)
Sign thecertificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out databasewith 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Certificate is tobe certified until Jan 23 02:17:38 2014 GMT (365 days)
Sign thecertificate? [y/n]:y
failed to updatedatabase
TXT_DB errornumber 2
遇到这个错误，只需要清空 /etc/pki/CA/index.txt 的内容再签发就可以成功了。最后
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