概述
org.apache.struts.action.Action类是Struts的心脏,也是客户请求和业务操作间的桥梁。每个Action类通常设计为代替客户完成某种操作。
一旦正确的Action实例确定,就会调用RequestProcessor类的execute()方法。该方法的结构如下:
//
摘自org.apache.struts.action.Action类
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response) throws Exception
{
try
{
return execute(mapping, form,(HttpServletRequest) (Object) request,(HttpServletResponse) (Object) response);
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
return null;
}
}
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception
{
return null;
}
在Struts应用程序中,具体的Action子类需要扩展Action类,以提供execute()方法的实现。execute()方法有四个参数:ActionMapping对象,ActionForm对象,HttpServletRequest对象和HttpServletResponse对象。ActionForm对象封装了表单数据,因此Action类可以通过getter方法从该对象中获得表单数据,然后调用模型组件处理这些数据。Action类又通过ActionMapping对象的findForward()方法获得一个ActionForward对象,然后把处理结果转发到ActionForward对象所指的目标。
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response) throws Exception
{
try
{
return execute(mapping, form,(HttpServletRequest) (Object) request,(HttpServletResponse) (Object) response);
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
return null;
}
}
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception
{
return null;
}
Action示例:
package
struts.action;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import model.LoginHandler;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;
import struts.form.LoginHandlerForm;
public class LoginHandlerAction extends Action {
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
LoginHandlerForm loginHandlerForm = (LoginHandlerForm) form;
//从Form中取得表单数据
String userName = loginHandlerForm.getUserName();
String userPwd = loginHandlerForm.getUserPwd();
//生成一个Session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
session.removeAttribute("userName");
session.setAttribute("userName", userName);
//生成一个ArrayList
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
arr.add(userName);
arr.add(userPwd);
String forward;
//调用模型组件
LoginHandler login = new LoginHandler();
boolean flag = login.checkLogin(arr);
if(flag)
forward = "success";
else
forward = "fail";
//转向
return mapping.findForward(forward);
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import model.LoginHandler;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;
import struts.form.LoginHandlerForm;
public class LoginHandlerAction extends Action {
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
LoginHandlerForm loginHandlerForm = (LoginHandlerForm) form;
//从Form中取得表单数据
String userName = loginHandlerForm.getUserName();
String userPwd = loginHandlerForm.getUserPwd();
//生成一个Session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
session.removeAttribute("userName");
session.setAttribute("userName", userName);
//生成一个ArrayList
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
arr.add(userName);
arr.add(userPwd);
String forward;
//调用模型组件
LoginHandler login = new LoginHandler();
boolean flag = login.checkLogin(arr);
if(flag)
forward = "success";
else
forward = "fail";
//转向
return mapping.findForward(forward);
}
}
ActionMapping存储了与特定用户请求对应的特定Action的相关信息,例如输入页面,转发页面等。ActionServlet将ActionMapping传送到Action类的execute()方法,然后Action将调用ActionMapping的findForward()方法,此方法返回一个指定名称的ActionForward,这样Action就完成了本地转发。若没有找到具体的ActionForward,就返回一个null。ActionMapping类的源代码如下:
package
org.apache.struts.action;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.apache.struts.config.ActionConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ForwardConfig;
public class ActionMapping extends ActionConfig
{
public ActionForward findForward(String name)
{
ForwardConfig config = this.findForwardConfig(name);
if (config == null)
config = this.getModuleConfig().findForwardConfig(name);
return (ActionForward) config;
}
public String[] findForwards()
{
ArrayList results = new ArrayList();
ForwardConfig[] fcs = this.findForwardConfigs();
for (int i = 0; i < fcs.length; i++)
results.add(fcs[i].getName());
return (String[]) results.toArray(new String[results.size()]);
}
public ActionForward getInputForward()
{
if (this.getModuleConfig().getControllerConfig().getInputForward())
return findForward(this.getInput());
return new ActionForward(this.getInput());
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.apache.struts.config.ActionConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ForwardConfig;
public class ActionMapping extends ActionConfig
{
public ActionForward findForward(String name)
{
ForwardConfig config = this.findForwardConfig(name);
if (config == null)
config = this.getModuleConfig().findForwardConfig(name);
return (ActionForward) config;
}
public String[] findForwards()
{
ArrayList results = new ArrayList();
ForwardConfig[] fcs = this.findForwardConfigs();
for (int i = 0; i < fcs.length; i++)
results.add(fcs[i].getName());
return (String[]) results.toArray(new String[results.size()]);
}
public ActionForward getInputForward()
{
if (this.getModuleConfig().getControllerConfig().getInputForward())
return findForward(this.getInput());
return new ActionForward(this.getInput());
}
}
ActionForward类
从以上的Action类的讨论中可知,execute()方法返回一个ActionForward对象。ActionForward对象代表一个Web资源的逻辑抽象表示形式。这里的Web资源通常就是JSP页面或Java Servlet。
ActionForward是该资源包的包装类,所以应用程序和实际资源之间并无多少瓜葛。实际的Web资源只在配置文件struts-config.xml中指定,并非在程度代码中写入。RequestDispatcher会根据redirect属性的值,来决定ActionForward实例要进行转发还是重定向。
要从一个Action实例返回一个ActionForward实例,可以在Action类内动态地创建一个ActionForward实例,或者更常见的做法是使用ActionMapping的findForward()方法找出配置文件中预先配置的一个ActionForward实例,如下所示:
return mapping.findForward("Success");
其中,mapping是一个ActionMapping实例。该程序片断能够返回一个参数"Success"对应的ActionForward实例。以下代码是在配置文件struts-config.xml中定义的forward元素:
<
action
attribute ="studentForm"
input ="/register.jsp"
name ="studentForm"
path ="/student"
scope ="request"
validate ="true"
type ="struts.action.StudentAction" >
< forward name ="Success" path ="/registerOK.jsp" />
</ action >
ActionMapping类的findForward()方法首先会调用findForwardConfig()方法,以查看在<action>元素中是否包含<forward>子元素。如果有,就会检查<global-forwards>元素片断。一旦找到匹配的ActionForward实例,就会从execute()方法将其返回给RequestProcessor。下面是ActionMapping类的findForward()方法:
attribute ="studentForm"
input ="/register.jsp"
name ="studentForm"
path ="/student"
scope ="request"
validate ="true"
type ="struts.action.StudentAction" >
< forward name ="Success" path ="/registerOK.jsp" />
</ action >
public
ActionForward findForward(String name)
{
ForwardConfig config = this.findForwardConfig(name);
if (config == null)
config = this.getModuleConfig().findForwardConfig(name);
return (ActionForward) config;
}
{
ForwardConfig config = this.findForwardConfig(name);
if (config == null)
config = this.getModuleConfig().findForwardConfig(name);
return (ActionForward) config;
}
最后
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