Java中如何正确重写equals方法

//String类equals源代码：
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

//Integer类的equals源代码:
 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Integer) {
            return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
        }
        return false;
    }

package com.test10_04;

import java.util.Objects;

class Rectangle {
    private double length;
    private double wide;

    public Rectangle() {
        //空实现
    }
    public Rectangle(double length, double wide) {
        setLength(length);
        setWide(wide);
    }

    public double getLength() {
        return length;
    }

    public void setLength(double length) {
        assert length > 0.0 : "您的输入有误，长方形的长不能小于0";
        this.length = length;
    }

    public double getWide() {
        return wide;
    }

    public void setWide(double wide) {
        assert wide > 0.0 : "您的输入有误，长方形的宽不能小于0";
        this.wide = wide;
    }

    public double area() {
        return this.length * this.wide;

    }
    public double circumference() {
        return 2 * (this.wide + this.length);
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) { //判断一下如果是同一个对象直接返回true，提高效率
            return true;
        }
        if (obj == null || obj.getClass() != this.getClass()) { //如果传进来的对象为null或者二者为不同类，直接返回false
            return false;
        }
        //也可以以下方法：
//        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof Rectangle)) { //如果传进来的对象为null或者二者为不同类，直接返回false
//            return false;
//        }
        Rectangle rectangle = (Rectangle) obj; //向下转型
        //比较长宽是否相等，注意：浮点数的比较不能简单地用==，会有精度的误差，用Math.abs或者Double.compare
        return Double.compare(rectangle.length, length) == 0 && Double.compare(rectangle.wide, wide) == 0;
    }

    public int hashCode() { //重写equals的同时也要重写hashCode，因为同一对象的hashCode永远相等
        return Objects.hash(length, wide); //调用Objects类，这是Object类的子类
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "Rectangle{" + "length=" + length + ", wide=" + wide + '}';
    }
}

public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle(3.0, 2.0);
        Rectangle rectangle2 = new Rectangle(3.0, 2.0);
        
        System.out.println(rectangle1.equals(rectangle2));
        System.out.println("rectangle1哈希码:" + rectangle1.hashCode() +
                "nrectangle2哈希码:" + rectangle2.hashCode());
        System.out.println("toString打印信息：" + rectangle1.toString());
    }
}

//getClass()版本
public class Student {
	private String name;
	
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object object){
		if (object == this)
			return true;
		// 使用getClass()判断对象是否属于该类
		if (object == null || object.getClass() != getClass())
			return false;
		Student student = (Student)object;
		return name != null && name.equals(student.name);
}

//instanceof版本
public class Student {
	private String name;
	
    public void setName(String name) {
       this.name = name;
   }
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object object){
		if (object == this)
			return true;
		// 通过instanceof来判断对象是否属于类
		if (object == null || !(object instanceof Student))
			return false;
		Student student = (Student)object;
		return name!=null && name.equals(student.name);
	}
}

class GoodStudent extends Student {

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object object) {
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GoodStudent son = new GoodStudent();
        Student father = new Student();

        son.setName("test");
        father.setName("test");

		// 当使用instance of时
        System.out.println(son.equals(father)); // 这里为false
        System.out.println(father.equals(son)); // 这里为true

		// 当使用getClass()时
        System.out.println(son.equals(father)); // 这里为false
        System.out.println(father.equals(son)); // 这里为false	
    }
}