概述
一、背景
maven是一个很好的代码构建工具,采用“约定优先于配置”的原则进行项目管理,相信很多的java开发者应该都了解maven并可能在工作当中都是通过maven来管理项目的,在创建的项目的时候,我们往往会使用maven内置的项目骨架也就是archetype来快速生成项目结构。但是在一个团队做开发的过程中,可能仅仅依靠maven预先提供的archetyp可能是不够的,团队之间协作有自己的定义方式,每个人的结构定义风格也不尽相同,在这样的背景下我们有必要去定义一个统一的代码骨架供团队使用,这样做的好处是当团队需要开始一个新项目的时候,可以利用自定义的maven骨架一键生成项目。
archetype是在maven-archetype-plugin插件执行generate目标的时候进行配置的,我们经常使用到maven的内嵌的骨架包括:maven-archetype-webapp、maven-archetype-quickstart。前者用来快速搭建一个web工程项目,后者用来快速搭建一个普通的java工程项目。
二、手写普通单模块项目的archetype
单模块项目的archetype脚手架项目的结构
上图中的各个文件详解:
- 根目录beast-archetype下的pom.xml和一般的maven项目一样主要定义archetype项目的坐标等信息。
- 所有的项目骨架内容都集中在src/main/resources/archetype-resources文件夹下。
- archetype-resources中的pom.xml定义了待生成项目的pom文件的内容,/src/main/java、/src/test/java中分别定义了待生成项目中相应目录下的内容
- /src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml中定义相关的元数据描述(其中该文件的位置固定为resources/META-INF/maven文件夹下,且名称固定为archetype-metadata.xml)。
1.beast-archetype/pom.xml内容如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId> <artifactId>beast-archetype</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>beast-archetype</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>beast-archetype</finalName> </build> </project>
2.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>${groupId}</groupId> <artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> <name>${artifactId}</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <skip>true</skip> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
其中:上面${}标识的变量都是通过maven中的命令行传进来的,如:mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.thebeastshop
3.src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <archetype-descriptor name="beast-archetype" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd"> <requiredProperties> <requiredProperty key="package-name" /> </requiredProperties> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.java</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.java</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </archetype-descriptor>
说明:
- packaged="true"标识src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java中对应的内容是否要放入到package中,比如package为com.thebeastshop,那么如果该属性为true,则对应的java文件会放到com/thebeastshop文件夹下,也就是包路径下。
- filtered="true"标识下面提到的${}是否要进行替换
4.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java/Demo.java内容如下:
package ${package}; public class Demo{ public static void main( String[] args ) { System.out.println( "Hello My Archetype!" ); } }
5.这样我们就手写好了一个自定义的maven的archetype骨架项目,我们只需要通过mvn clean install 命令把该jar包安装到本地仓库,然后通过本地仓库中的该jar包来生成一个项目看看效果,使用如下命令:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=comthebeastshop -DartifactId=beast-test -Dpackage="com.thebeastshop.test" -DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop -DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.1 -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local
三、手写maven多module的项目骨架archetype
1.多模块骨架项目的项目结构
这跟单模块项目区别不大,但是有几个概念需要说明:
- “__rootArtifactId__”占位符会被parent项目的artifactId替换
- ${rootArtifactId}也会被parent项目的artifactId替换
- src/main/resources/archetype-resources里必须要有一个顶级pom文件(如果是单工程就是工程pom文件),同时子文件夹代表了模块定义
2.模板工程定义描述文件
META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <archetype-descriptor name="beast-archetype" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd"> <requiredProperties> <requiredProperty key="groupId"> <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> <requiredProperty key="artifactId"> <defaultValue>test</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> <requiredProperty key="package"> <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> </requiredProperties> <modules> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api"> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core"> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao"> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> <include>mapper</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main"> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/assembly</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/bin</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen"> <fileSets> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true"> <directory>src/test/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> <fileSet encoding="UTF-8"> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </module> </modules> </archetype-descriptor>
属性变量定义
<requiredProperties> <requiredProperty key="groupId"> <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> <requiredProperty key="artifactId"> <defaultValue>test</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> <requiredProperty key="package"> <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue> </requiredProperty> </requiredProperties>
这些属性可以在资源元文件里的任意一个文件里通过${var}来引用,所以的元文件最终都可以选择通过velocity引擎来执行替换后生成。
默认的属性有:groupId,artifactId,packeage,version等
项目子模块定义
<modules> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api"> ... </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core"> ... </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao"> ... </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main"> ... </module> <module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen"> ... </module> </modules>
module有三个属性,解释如下:
- id :定义子模块工程的artifactId.
- dir :子模块工程源文件在archetype-resources里对应的directory.
- name :子模块的名字.
3.子模块pom.xml定义如下(以core模块为例):
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId> <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> </parent> <artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId> <name>${artifactId}</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId> <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-api</artifactId> <version>${api.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId> <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-dao</artifactId> <version>${project.parent.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <skip>true</skip> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
其中${rootArtifactId}就代表父项目的artifactId.
4.我们和单模块脚手架工程一样,通过mvn clean install命令把该脚手架项目安装到本地maven仓库,然后就可以使用该项目来快速生成新项目结构了,生成命令如下:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.thebeastshop -DartifactId=ddd -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop -DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.3-SNAPSHOT -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local
我们就会看到生成好的项目结构如下:
多模块项目脚手架源码:https://github.com/hafizzhang/beast-archetype
四、总结
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