概述
SpringBoot 2.1.4 错误处理机制
springboot的自动配置中帮我们配置了相关的错误处理组件,例如访问一个不存在的页面,就会出现下面的错误页面,上面也会显示相应的信息
在Postman软件中模拟移动端访问,会获取如下响应的json数据:
可以发现springboot的错误处理机制很好的适应了不同客户端访问,浏览器返回页面,移动端返回json,那这背后springboot是如何处理的,显示的页面我想自己设计,或者返回的这些信息我们自己能够定制吗?
SpringBoot错误机制原理
springboot版本:2.1.4.RELEASE
1、默认错误页面生成机制
当我们在访问一个不存在的路径时,会出现上面的错误页面,这个页面不是我们自己创建的,而是由springboot帮我们生成的,那下面我们首先弄清楚这个默认的错误页面(Whitelabel Error Page)是怎么生成的。
1.1 springboot关于error的自动配置
在package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error包下有如下的类:
- BasicErrorController、AbstractErrorController:错误请求控制器
- DefaultErrorViewResolver:错误视图解析器
- ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration:error的自动配置类
ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
在这个配置类中注册了一些组件:
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean( value = {ErrorAttributes.class}, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT ) // 关于error错误信息的相关类 public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() { return new DefaultErrorAttributes(this.serverProperties.getError().isIncludeException()); } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean( value = {ErrorController.class}, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT ) // 处理错误请求的控制器 public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) { return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(), this.errorViewResolvers); } @Bean // 错误页面定制器 public ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() { return new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties, this.dispatcherServletPath); }
第一步:ErrorPageCustomizer
private static class ErrorPageCustomizer implements ErrorPageRegistrar, Ordered { private final ServerProperties properties; private final DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath; protected ErrorPageCustomizer(ServerProperties properties, DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath) { this.properties = properties; this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath; } public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) { // getPath()获取到一个路径“/error” ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.dispatcherServletPath.getRelativePath(this.properties.getError().getPath())); // 关键点:这里讲将/error的errorPage注册到了servlet,在发生异常时就会转发到/error errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage[]{errorPage}); } public int getOrder() { return 0; } }
注意上面的注释,这里是为什么发生错误就会发起/error,很多博客都未说明,当然这里没有讨论其内部原理。
第二步:BasicErrorController
在错误发生后,发起 “/error” 请求,那这个 “/error” 就会由上面已经注册的BasicErrorController 接收处理。
@Controller // 表明是个控制器 @RequestMapping({"${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}"}) // 映射的路径:/error public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { private final ErrorProperties errorProperties; public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties) { this(errorAttributes, errorProperties, Collections.emptyList()); } public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties, List<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers) { super(errorAttributes, errorViewResolvers); Assert.notNull(errorProperties, "ErrorProperties must not be null"); this.errorProperties = errorProperties; } public String getErrorPath() { return this.errorProperties.getPath(); } // 处理浏览器的请求 @RequestMapping( produces = {"text/html"} ) public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model); } // 处理移动端的请求 @RequestMapping public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity(body, status); } protected boolean isIncludeStackTrace(HttpServletRequest request, MediaType produces) { IncludeStacktrace include = this.getErrorProperties().getIncludeStacktrace(); if (include == IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS) { return true; } else { return include == IncludeStacktrace.ON_TRACE_PARAM ? this.getTraceParameter(request) : false; } } protected ErrorProperties getErrorProperties() { return this.errorProperties; } }
这里可以解决一个疑惑,springboot怎么区分是浏览器还是移动端的,主要看这个方法的注解 produces={“text/html”} ,表示响应的数据是以html形式返回,这样当浏览器访问时就会调用这个方法
@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"}) public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ ...
客户端访问时就会调用下面的error方法。
@RequestMapping public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
下面再来具体分析默认错误页面如何生成,还是来看到errorHTML方法:
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { // 获取错误状态码,封装到HttpStatus里面 HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request); // 获取错误信息,以map形式返回,这个后面我们具体来看,到底我们能获取到哪些数据 Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); // 设置响应体中状态码 response.setStatus(status.value()); // 关键点:这里就是在创建视图对象 ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model); }
下面来看这个resolveErrorView方法,这个方法是父类AbstractErrorController 中的:
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { // errorViewResolvers是一个list,存放ErrorViewResolver对象 Iterator var5 = this.errorViewResolvers.iterator(); ModelAndView modelAndView; // 遍历集合 do { if (!var5.hasNext()) { return null; } ErrorViewResolver resolver = (ErrorViewResolver)var5.next(); // 关键点:解析器对象进行视图解析 modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); } while(modelAndView == null); return modelAndView; }
这里的resolveErrorView方法属于DefaultErrorViewResolver:
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { // 调用下面的方法解析视图,传入参数为错误状态码,错误信息的map ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = this.resolve((String)SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { // 定义视图名,这里我们可以确定视图名:error/错误码,例如:error/404, String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; // 这里结合上面的errorViewName,其实就是在template目录下的error目录进行查找 // 我们默认情况下是没有error目录,这里的provide最终值为null,代码较多就不一一展示,有兴趣的可以跟下去 TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext); // 根据判定,这里会接着调用下面的resolveResource方法 return provider != null ? new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model) : this.resolveResource(errorViewName, model); } private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { // getStaticLocations()获取的是静态资源路径:"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" String[] var3 = this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations(); int var4 = var3.length; // 遍历上面的4个静态资源路径 for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) { String location = var3[var5]; try { Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location); // 创建resource对象,例如error/404.html resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html"); // 查找在对应静态资源目录下是否有上面的这个资源对象,有就创建视图对象 if (resource.exists()) { return new ModelAndView(new DefaultErrorViewResolver.HtmlResourceView(resource), model); } } catch (Exception var8) { ; } } // 都没找到就返回null,默认情况下是不存在error目录的,所以这里最终返回null return null; }
当resolveResource方法执行完返回null,resolve方法也就返回null,在回到resolveErrorView
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { // 调用下面的方法解析视图,传入参数为错误状态码,错误信息的map ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model); // 上面分析得到modelAndView的值为null,下面的if中SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())是在判断错误码的首位是否为1,2,3,4,5,这个大家下去可以跟一下 if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = this.resolve((String)SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } // if里面的resolve方法分析跟上面一样,默认情况下是没有4xx.html/5xx.html页面文件的,所以最终这里返回null return modelAndView; }
这个resolveErrorView方法执行完后,我们就可以回到最开始处理 “/error” 请求的errorHtml方法了
@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"} ) public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); // modelAnView根据上面的分析其值为null return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model); }
当modelAndView为null时,将会执行'new ModelAndView(“error”, model),那这个“error”又是什么呢?看下面WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration 里面有个组件其 name就是error,这个组件是StaticView,就是一个View,里面的视图渲染方法render中的内容就是最开始我们看到的那个错误页面的内容。
@Conditional({ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class}) protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration { private final ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView defaultErrorView = new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView(); protected WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration() { } @Bean(name = {"error"}) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {"error"}) public View defaultErrorView() { return this.defaultErrorView; } ... } private static class StaticView implements View { private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView.class); private StaticView() { } public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { if (response.isCommitted()) { String message = this.getMessage(model); logger.error(message); } else { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); Date timestamp = (Date)model.get("timestamp"); Object message = model.get("message"); Object trace = model.get("trace"); if (response.getContentType() == null) { response.setContentType(this.getContentType()); } builder.append("<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>").append("<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>").append("<div id='created'>").append(timestamp).append("</div>").append("<div>There was an unexpected error (type=").append(this.htmlEscape(model.get("error"))).append(", status=").append(this.htmlEscape(model.get("status"))).append(").</div>"); if (message != null) { builder.append("<div>").append(this.htmlEscape(message)).append("</div>"); } if (trace != null) { builder.append("<div style='white-space:pre-wrap;'>").append(this.htmlEscape(trace)).append("</div>"); } builder.append("</body></html>"); response.getWriter().append(builder.toString()); } } private String htmlEscape(Object input) { return input != null ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(input.toString()) : null; } private String getMessage(Map<String, ?> model) { Object path = model.get("path"); String message = "Cannot render error page for request [" + path + "]"; if (model.get("message") != null) { message = message + " and exception [" + model.get("message") + "]"; } message = message + " as the response has already been committed."; message = message + " As a result, the response may have the wrong status code."; return message; } public String getContentType() { return "text/html"; } }
所以,整个大致的过程到此结束了,默认情况下错误请求处理完成后就返回的这个StaticView定义的页面,下图做个基本的梳理。后续再来做自定义错误页面、自定义错误数据的原理分析。
SpringBoot 2.1.3 错误处理机制
引用的问题做个标记
以前的引用好像在新版本中无法引用了
错误处理机制
其他的程序的类的声明直接用IDEA的提示来用就可以了。
如果还是有错误的话,就进入到lib中看看引用的类的方法就可以了
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigration.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;//这是以前的 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;//这是现在的
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