概述
表达式目录树
表达式目录树:语法树,或者说是一种数据结构
1.表达式目录树Expression:System.Linq.Expressions;
2.描述了多个变量或者和常量之间的关系,按照一定的规则进行组装!
- 可以向委托一样使用lambd表达式快捷声明;
- 不能有语句体,声明只能有一行代码;
- 可以通过Compile(),编译成一个委托;
Func<int, int, int> func = (m, n) => { int i = 0; return m * n + 2; }; //委托 拉姆达表达式其实是作为委托的一个参数,本质是一个方法(匿名方法) Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + 2; //数据结构--就像对一个计算做了一个精确的描述,展开之后发现,分为左边,右边,每个元素都可以把值都获取出来,二叉树 var erpPlu= exp.Compile();//表达式目录树可以通过compile 转换成一个委托 //表达式目录树:语法树,或者说是一种数据结构 int iResult1 = func.Invoke(12, 23); int iResult2 = exp.Compile().Invoke(12, 23);
表达式目录树的拼装
手动拼装表达式目录树,不是用的lambda的快捷方式
//表达式目录树的拼装 Expression<Func<int>> expression = () => 123 + 234; //两个常量相加-----表达式目录树的快捷声明 Expression constant123 = Expression.Constant(123); Expression constant234 = Expression.Constant(234); Expression expressionAdd = Expression.Add(constant123, constant234); var exp = Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(expressionAdd); var func = exp.Compile(); int iResult = func.Invoke();
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + m + n + 2; //快捷声明--其实编译器提供的便捷功能---语法糖--具体实现可通过反编译工具查看 //具体实现可通过反编译工具查看 ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "m"); ParameterExpression parameterExpression2 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "n"); Expression expContant2 = Expression.Constant(2, typeof(int)); Expression multipley = Expression.Multiply(parameterExpression, parameterExpression2); Expression expAdd = Expression.Add(multipley, parameterExpression); Expression expAdd1 = Expression.Add(expAdd, parameterExpression2); Expression expAdd2 = Expression.Add(expAdd1, expContant2); Expression<Func<int, int, int>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, int, int>>(expAdd2, new ParameterExpression[] { parameterExpression, parameterExpression2 }); Func<int, int, int> fun = expression.Compile(); int iResult = fun.Invoke(10, 11);
var peopleQuery = new List<People>().AsQueryable(); Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Id.ToString().Equals("5"); peopleQuery.Where(lambda); ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(People), "x"); FieldInfo idfield = typeof(People).GetField("Id"); var idExp = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, idfield); MethodInfo toString = typeof(int).GetMethod("ToString", new Type[0]); var toStringExp = Expression.Call(idExp, toString, Array.Empty<Expression>()); var Equals = typeof(string).GetMethod("Equals", new Type[] { typeof(string) }); Expression expressionConstant5 = Expression.Constant("5", typeof(string)); var equalsExp = Expression.Call(toStringExp, Equals, new Expression[] { expressionConstant5 }); Expression<Func<People, bool>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<People, bool>>(equalsExp, new ParameterExpression[] { parameterExpression }); Func<People, bool> func = expression.Compile(); var bResult = func.Invoke(new People() { Id = 5, Name = "海贝" }); new List<People>().AsQueryable().Where(expression);
应用
Linq to SQL
var dbSet = new List<People>().AsQueryable();//EF DbSet dbSet.Where(p => p.Age == 25 & p.Name.Contains("阳光下的微笑")); Expression<Func<People, bool>> exp = null; Console.WriteLine("用户输入个名称,为空就跳过"); string name = Console.ReadLine(); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name)) { exp = p => p.Name.Contains(name); } Console.WriteLine("用户输入个最小年纪,为空就跳过"); string age = Console.ReadLine(); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(age) && int.TryParse(age, out int iAge)) { exp = p => p.Age > iAge; }
上面的玩法是不是只有最后一个条件才生效?如果需要多个条件都满足;怎么办? 当然是拼装啊;
拼装可以从最小粒度来组装表达式目录树;如果有一个封装,你把各种条件给我,我从最小粒度开始一个一个的拼装起来,不就是一个长的表达式目录树了吗?
解决方案:
调用方可以组装一个很长的表达式目录树传递过来;
表达式目录树传递过来以后,在这里应该做什么?应该解析;
所有信息都在表达式目录树里面,自然也可以把他解析(找出来)
解析就可以通过ExpressionVisitor解析----生成对应的Sql语句;
ExpressionVisitor
表达式目录树的访问者----访问者模式;
1.Visit方法–访问表达式目录树的入口—分辨是什么类型的表达式目录
2.调度到更加专业的方法中进一步访问,访问一遍之后,生成一个新的表达式目录 —有点像递归,不全是递归;
3.因为表达式目录树是个二叉树,ExpressionVisitor一直往下访问,一直到叶节点;那就访问了所有的节点;
4.在访问的任何一个环节,都可以拿到对应当前环节的内容(参数名称、参数值。。),就可以进一步扩展;
为什么要使用表达式目录树来拼装解析呢:
1.可以提高重用性;
2.如果封装好一个方法,接受一个表达式目录树,在解析的时候,其实就是不断的访问,访问有规则;
3.任何一个表达式目录树都可以调用当前方法来解析;
4.表达式目录树可以支持泛型;
{ Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5 && x.Name.StartsWith("1") // like '1%' && x.Name.EndsWith("1") // like '%1' && x.Name.Contains("1");// like '%1%' //string sql = string.Format("Delete From [{0}] WHERE [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5" , typeof(People).Name , " [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5" ); ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor(); vistor.Visit(lambda); Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition()); } { // ((( [Age] > '5') AND( [Name] = [name] )) OR( [Id] > '5' )) string name = "AAA"; Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Name == name || x.Id > 5; ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor(); vistor.Visit(lambda); Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition()); } { Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 || (x.Name == "A" && x.Id > 5); ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor(); vistor.Visit(lambda); Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition()); } { Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => (x.Age > 5 || x.Name == "A") && x.Id > 5; ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor(); vistor.Visit(lambda); Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition()); }
自己封装的解析器,这就是EF6的底层原理,根据表达式树自动生成相应的sql语句。
public class ConditionBuilderVisitor : ExpressionVisitor { private Stack<string> _StringStack = new Stack<string>(); public string Condition() { string condition = string.Concat(this._StringStack.ToArray()); this._StringStack.Clear(); return condition; } /// <summary> /// 如果是二元表达式 /// </summary> /// <param name="node"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node) { if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("BinaryExpression"); this._StringStack.Push(")"); base.Visit(node.Right);//解析右边 this._StringStack.Push(" " + node.NodeType.ToSqlOperator() + " "); base.Visit(node.Left);//解析左边 this._StringStack.Push("("); return node; } /// <summary> /// 解析属性 /// </summary> /// <param name="node"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node) { if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MemberExpression"); //this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] "); return node; if (node.Expression is ConstantExpression) { var value1 = this.InvokeValue(node); var value2 = this.ReflectionValue(node); //this.ConditionStack.Push($"'{value1}'"); this._StringStack.Push("'" + value2 + "'"); } else { this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] "); } return node; } private object InvokeValue(MemberExpression member) { var objExp = Expression.Convert(member, typeof(object));//struct需要 return Expression.Lambda<Func<object>>(objExp).Compile().Invoke(); } private object ReflectionValue(MemberExpression member) { var obj = (member.Expression as ConstantExpression).Value; return (member.Member as FieldInfo).GetValue(obj); } /// <summary> /// 常量表达式 /// </summary> /// <param name="node"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression node) { if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("ConstantExpression"); this._StringStack.Push(" '" + node.Value + "' "); return node; } /// <summary> /// 方法表达式 /// </summary> /// <param name="m"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression m) { if (m == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MethodCallExpression"); string format; switch (m.Method.Name) { case "StartsWith": format = "({0} LIKE {1}+'%')"; break; case "Contains": format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1}+'%')"; break; case "EndsWith": format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1})"; break; default: throw new NotSupportedException(m.NodeType + " is not supported!"); } this.Visit(m.Object); this.Visit(m.Arguments[0]); string right = this._StringStack.Pop(); string left = this._StringStack.Pop(); this._StringStack.Push(String.Format(format, left, right)); return m; } }
internal static class SqlOperator { internal static string ToSqlOperator(this ExpressionType type) { switch (type) { case (ExpressionType.AndAlso): case (ExpressionType.And): return "AND"; case (ExpressionType.OrElse): case (ExpressionType.Or): return "OR"; case (ExpressionType.Not): return "NOT"; case (ExpressionType.NotEqual): return "<>"; case ExpressionType.GreaterThan: return ">"; case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual: return ">="; case ExpressionType.LessThan: return "<"; case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual: return "<="; case (ExpressionType.Equal): return "="; default: throw new Exception("不支持该方法"); } } }
表达式目录扩展
表达式目录树动态拼接的实现方式:
/// <summary> /// 合并表达式 And Or Not扩展 /// </summary> public static class ExpressionExtend { /// <summary> /// 合并表达式 expr1 AND expr2 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="expr1"></param> /// <param name="expr2"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> And<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2) { //return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(Expression.AndAlso(expr1.Body, expr2.Body), expr1.Parameters); 错误的写法,两个表达式不是同一个参数 //将两个表达式的参数统一为参数c ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c"); NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter); var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body); var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body); //为了能够生成一个新的表达式目录树 var body = Expression.And(left, right); return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter); } /// <summary> /// 合并表达式 expr1 or expr2 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="expr1"></param> /// <param name="expr2"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Or<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2) { ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c"); NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter); var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body); var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body); var body = Expression.Or(left, right); return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter); } public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Not<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr) { var candidateExpr = expr.Parameters[0]; var body = Expression.Not(expr.Body); return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, candidateExpr); } }
/// <summary> /// 建立新表达式 /// </summary> internal class NewExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor { public ParameterExpression _NewParameter { get; private set; } public NewExpressionVisitor(ParameterExpression param) { this._NewParameter = param; } public Expression Replace(Expression exp) { return this.Visit(exp); } protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node) { return this._NewParameter; } }
调用方如下:
{ Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda1 = x => x.Age > 5; Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda2 = x => x.Id > 5; //Expression<Func<People, bool>> newExpress = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5; Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda3 = lambda1.And(lambda2); //且 Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda4 = lambda1.Or(lambda2);//或 Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda5 = lambda1.Not();//非 Do1(lambda3); Do1(lambda4); Do1(lambda5); } private static void Do1(Expression<Func<People, bool>> func) { List<People> people = new List<People>() { new People(){Id=4,Name="123",Age=4}, new People(){Id=5,Name="234",Age=5}, new People(){Id=6,Name="345",Age=6}, }; List<People> peopleList = people.Where(func.Compile()).ToList(); }
对象深拷贝
硬编码
PeopleCopy peopleCopy = new PeopleCopy() { Id = people.Id, Name = people.Name, Age = people.Age };
通过反射实现
public class ReflectionMapper { /// <summary> /// 反射 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam> /// <param name="tIn"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn) { TOut tOut = Activator.CreateInstance<TOut>(); foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetProperties()) { var propIn = tIn.GetType().GetProperty(itemOut.Name); itemOut.SetValue(tOut, propIn.GetValue(tIn)); } foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetFields()) { var fieldIn = tIn.GetType().GetField(itemOut.Name); itemOut.SetValue(tOut, fieldIn.GetValue(tIn)); } return tOut; } }
通过序列化实现
/// <summary> /// 使用第三方序列化反序列化工具 /// 还有automapper /// </summary> public class SerializeMapper { /// <summary> /// 序列化反序列化方式 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam> public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn) { return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TOut>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tIn)); } }
反射和序列化两种实现方式性能不太好;
通过表达式目录树实现
通过表达式目录树动态的生成硬编码
Func<People, PeopleCopy> func = p => new PeopleCopy() { Id = p.Id, Name = p.Name, Age = p.Age }; PeopleCopy peopleCopy3 = func.Invoke(people);
方法一:普通缓存
/// <summary> /// 生成表达式目录树 缓存 /// </summary> public class ExpressionMapper { /// <summary> /// 字典缓存--hash分布 /// </summary> private static Dictionary<string, object> _Dic = new Dictionary<string, object>(); /// <summary> /// 字典缓存表达式树 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam> /// <param name="tIn"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn) { string key = string.Format("funckey_{0}_{1}", typeof(TIn).FullName, typeof(TOut).FullName); if (!_Dic.ContainsKey(key)) { ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p"); List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>(); foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties()) { MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name)); MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property); memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding); } foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields()) { MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name)); MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property); memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding); } MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray()); Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[] { parameterExpression }); Func<TIn, TOut> func = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的 _Dic[key] = func; } return ((Func<TIn, TOut>)_Dic[key]).Invoke(tIn); } }
方法二:泛型缓存,性能较高
/// <summary> /// 生成表达式目录树 泛型缓存 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam> public class ExpressionGenericMapper<TIn, TOut>//Mapper`2 { private static Func<TIn, TOut> _FUNC = null; static ExpressionGenericMapper() { ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p"); List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>(); foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties()) { MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name)); MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property); memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding); } foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields()) { MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name)); MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property); memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding); } MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray()); Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[] { parameterExpression }); _FUNC = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的 } public static TOut Trans(TIn t) { return _FUNC(t); } }
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