Linux下安装Apache httpd

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演示环境及版本
# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel r on an m
# uname -r
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
查看httpd是否已安装
# rpm -qa httpd
使用yum列出相关httpd安装文件，此处为本地yum源
# yum list |grep httpd

httpd.x86_64
2.2.15-29.el6.centos
local_server
httpd-devel.i686
2.2.15-29.el6.centos
local_server
httpd-devel.x86_64
2.2.15-29.el6.centos
local_server
httpd-manual.noarch
2.2.15-29.el6.centos
local_server
httpd-tools.x86_64
2.2.15-29.el6.centos
local_server
安装及验证httpd
# yum -y install httpd
# rpm -qa |grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64
使用rpm方式寻找配置文件
# rpm -qc httpd

常用的配置文件：
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf
###辅助配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
###主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/httpd
###httpd工作模式配置文件
使用rpm方式查看安装位置及生成的二进制文件
# rpm -ql httpd
主程序：
/usr/sbin/httpd
MPM模式默认
/usr/sbin/httpd.event
/usr/sbin/httpd.worker
使用rpm方式查看包的帮助文件
# rpm -qd httpd
启动脚本：/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
日志文件目录：
/var/log/httpd
access_log：访问日志
error_log: 错误日志
站点文档目录：（站点根目录）
/var/www/html
httpd的工作目录：/var/www

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1、MPM： Multipath Processing Module（多路处理模块）
prefork: 多进程模型，每个进程响应一个请求；稳定性好，但并发能力有限；预先生成多个空闲进程；
由于prefork使用select()系统调用，所以最大并发不能超过1024；
worker：多进程模型，每个进程可生成多个线程，每个线程响应一个请求；预先生成多个空闲线程；
event：一个进程直接响应n个请求；可同时启动多个进程；
httpd-2.2: 测试使用；
### Author : Leshami
httpd-2.4: 可生产使用；
###
Blog
: http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
2、几种工作方式的切换
prefork模式下
# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
[
OK
]
# ps -ef|grep httpd |grep -v grep ###一个主进程，生成了8个空闲进程
root
6413
1
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6416
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6417
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6418
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6419
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6420
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6421
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6422
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache
6423
6413
0 09:40 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
# ss -tulpn |grep httpd
tcp
LISTEN
0
128
:::80
:::*
users:(("httpd",6413,4),("httpd",6416,4),("httpd",6417,4),("httpd",6418,4),
("httpd",6419,4),("httpd",6420,4),("httpd",6421,4),("httpd",6422,4),("httpd",6423,4)
# netstat -nltp|grep 80
tcp
0
0 :::80
:::*
LISTEN
6413/httpd
worker工作方式
# cat /etc/sysconfig/httpd|grep -v ^#
HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker
# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:
[
OK
]
Starting httpd:
[
OK
]
[root@orasrv1 ~]# ps -ef|grep httpd|grep -v grep
root
2261
1
0 17:47 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
apache
2264
2261
0 17:47 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
apache
2265
2261
0 17:47 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
apache
2266
2261
0 17:47 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
event工作方式
注，尽管2.2版本可以设置工作方式为httpd.event，生产环境不建议使用
# cat /etc/sysconfig/httpd|grep -v ^#
HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.event
[root@orasrv1 ~]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:
[
OK
]
Starting httpd:
[
OK
]
[root@orasrv1 ~]# ps -ef|grep httpd|grep -v grep
root
2402
1
0 17:49 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.event
apache
2405
2402
0 17:49 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.event
apache
2406
2402
0 17:49 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.event
apache
2407
2402
0 17:49 ?
00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd.event

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高度模块化
core + modules,
DSO: Dynamic Shared Object
模块目录：
/etc/httpd/modules: 符号链接文件
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules
模块的查看
httpd -M
###查看当前httpd进程的所有模块
httpd.event -M
###查看event工作模式下的所有模块 更正@20160712
httpd.worker -M
###worker工作模式下的所有模块
更正@20160712
httpd.worker -l
###worker工作模式下的核心模块
更正@20160712
模块的查看示例
# httpd -M
Loaded Modules:
core_module (static)
mpm_prefork_module (static)
http_module (static)
so_module (static)
auth_basic_module (shared)
..............
# httpd.event -l
Compiled in modules:
core.c
event.c
http_core.c
mod_so.c
模块的动态装载与卸载
# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.bak
# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep authn_alias_module
LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
###注释mod_authn_alias.so模块
# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep authn_alias_module
#LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
# service httpd restart
# httpd -M
###使用该方式前后进行对比即可知道模块是否装载或卸载

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# echo "<h1>orasrv1.xlk.com</h1>" >/var/www/html/index.html
# curl http://192.168.21.10
<h1>orasrv1.xlk.com</h1>