MySQL 8.0 安装

一、版本安装

1.1 安装依赖库

• 安装GCC

  yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77
  # 如果提示GCC版本过低，需要升级GCC
  # 升级到GCC 9
  yum -y install centos-release-scl
  yum -y install devtoolset-9-gcc devtoolset-9-gcc-c++ devtoolset-9-binutils
  scl enable devtoolset-9 bash
  # 需要注意的是scl命令启用只是临时的，退出shell或重启就会恢复原系统gcc版本。
  # 如果要长期使用gcc 9.3的话：
  echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable" >>/etc/profile
  # 实际还需要将/usr/bin/gcc替换成最新安装的gcc 9，否则还是会报错
  

• 安装**CMake**

  # yum install -y camke，由于8.0版本需要CMake3.0以上版本，该方式忽略
  cd /usr/local/src/
  wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.19.7/cmake-3.19.7.tar.gz
  tar -zxvf cmake-3.19.7.tar.gz
  cd cmake-3.19.7
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
  make
  make install
  ln -s /usr/local/camke/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake3
  

• 安装**GNU make**

  yum install -y make
  

• 安装**OpenSSL**

  # CMake选项-DWITH_SSL=system指定系统已安装的OpenSSL库
  yum install -y openssl openssl-libs openssl-devel
  

• 安装**ncurses**

  yum install -y ncurses ncurses-devel
  

• 安装**bison**

  yum install -y bison bison-devel
  

• 上述依赖库一次性安装

  yum install -y camke make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 openssl openssl-libs openssl-devel ncurses ncurses-devel bison bison-devel
  

• 安装**Boost**

  # 安装MySQL需要C++增强库，通过-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost指定
  # 也可以下载带BOOST的MySQL版本，建议使用版本包携带版本，
  # 需要下载版本包对应得boost版本 否则编译失败
  cd /usr/local/src/
  wget https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.73.0/source/boost_1_73_0.tar.gz
  tar -zxvf boost_1_73_0.tar.gz
  cd boost_1_73_0
  ./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries=all --with-toolset=gcc --prefix=/usr/local/boost
  ./b2
  ./b2 install
  

• 安装**Perl**

  # Linux一般系统自带`Perl`
  yum install -y perl
  

1.2 下载MySQL 8.0

# 下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.23.tar.gz

1.3 编译安装

# 解压
tar -zxvf mysql-boost-8.0.23.tar.gz
cd mysql-boost-8.0.23
mkdir cbuild
cd cbuild
# CMake生成Makefile
cmake3 .. 
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/data/mysql/ 
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock 
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql/my.cnf 
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/var/run/mysqld/ 
-DSYSTEMD_SERVICE_NAME=mysqld 
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_NDB_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.23/boost/boost_1_73_0/ 
-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=ON 
-DWITH_SSL=system
# Makefile构建
# 如果因为GCC或G++版本出错，需要先清空cbuild目录，解决完问题后重新cmake
# 如果还出错，检查是否内存不足
# -j4表示利用CPU多核特性
make -j4
# 安装
make install
# 设置环境变量，注意这里用单引号
echo 'PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
# 环境变量立即生效
source /etc/profile

二、 用户创建

2.1 创建用户组

# 创建系统用户组mysql
groupadd -r mysql

2.2 创建用户

# 创建系统用户mysql
useradd -g mysql -M -r mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin

2.3 生成SSL证书

# 如果启用mysql的SSL验证，需要配置相关证书
# 可以使用/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup脚本生成
mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --uid=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/cert/
# 在/usr/local/mysql/cert/目录下可以看到生成的文件
ls /usr/local/mysql/cert/
# ca-key.pem
ca.pem
client-cert.pem
client-key.pem
private_key.pem
public_key.pem
server-cert.pem
server-key.pem

三、 服务配置

# 通常会读取/etc/my.cnf，可以通过mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A 1 'Default options are read'查看具体会读的配置文件位置
# 也可以通过mysqld --defaults-file=path 去读取指定配置
# mysqld会去读取[server]、[mysqld]或[mysqld-8.0]组，具体可以通过mysqld --verbose --help | grep 'groups are read'查看
# mysqld_safe除了读取mysqld读的组外，还会读取[mysqld_safe]组
# mysqldump会去读[mysqldump]和[client]组
# mysqladmin会去读[mysqladmin]和[client]组
# mysql会去读 [mysql]和[client]组
[mysqld]
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/home/data/mysql/
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
# 数据文件或索引文件软链接到别的目录，默认禁用，可能带来root权限泄漏的安全风险
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
# 最大客户端连接数，默认151
# 可以通过SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'max%conn%'语句查看使用的数量与配置的数量的差别来合理调整
max-connections=256
#启用ssl验证，默认开启，可以省略
ssl=1
#指定证书加密算法
ssl-cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
ssl-ca=/usr/local/mysql/cert/ca.pem
# ca目录，ssl-ca和ssl-capath配一个就可以了
# ssl-capath=/usr/local/mysql/cert/
ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/cert/server-cert.pem
ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/cert/server-key.pem
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
[mysql]
ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/cert/client-cert.pem
ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/cert/client-key.pem
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
# 其他配置，如客户端配置可以放到这个目录下边
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

四、服务启动

4.1 目录授权

# 创建数据目录并授权
mkdir -p /home/data/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql
mkdir /var/{run,log,lib}/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/{run,log,lib}/mysql

4.2 初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/data/mysql
2021-03-18T08:30:28.277963Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2021-03-18T08:30:28.278321Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.23) initializing of server in progress as process 9889
2021-03-18T08:30:28.287188Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-03-18T08:30:28.787379Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
# 密码在这一行
2021-03-18T08:30:29.807393Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: w!Z1<uR(lVK/

4.3 启动MySQL服务

• 方法一

  mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --daemonize或-D
  

• 方法二

  # mysql_safe会持续监控mysqld进程，把进程PID写入/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid文件中
  mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --daemonize或-D
  

• 方法三

  # 多实例管理启动方式，
  # mysqld_multi读取配置文件中的[mysqld_multi] [mysqldN]组，N表示任意数字，用以标识实例，一般用端口号
  mysqld_multi
  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start N
  

• 安装MySQL服务

  cp -f /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
  chkconfig --add mysql.server
  service mysqld start
  service mysqld status
  # 也可以通过systemctl管理
  systemctl start mysqld
  systemctl status mysqld
  

4.4 登录验证

• 方式一

  mysql -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -uroot -p'w!Z1<uR(lVK/' --ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/cert/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/cert/client-key.pem
  

• 方式二

  # 证书选项可以添加到配置文件的[client]或[mysql]组
  # 如果不跟--host或-h，默认采取socket方式连接
  mysql --host localhost --port 3306 -uroot -p'w!Z1<uR(lVK/' --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
  

4.5 首次修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123=abc';

4.6 查看是否开启SSL验证

mysql> s
--------------
mysql
Ver 8.0.23 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)
Connection id:
13
Current database:
Current user:
root@localhost
# 此处表示开启SSL验证，ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256表示算法
SSL:
Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:
stdout
Using outfile:
''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:
8.0.23 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:
127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db
characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.
characterset:	utf8mb4
TCP port:
3306
Binary data as:
Hexadecimal
Uptime:
22 min 12 sec
Threads: 2
Questions: 7
Slow queries: 0
Opens: 117
Flush tables: 3
Open tables: 36
Queries per second avg: 0.005
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%ssl%";
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name
| Value
|
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| admin_ssl_ca
|
|
| admin_ssl_capath
|
|
| admin_ssl_cert
|
|
| admin_ssl_cipher
|
|
| admin_ssl_crl
|
|
| admin_ssl_crlpath
|
|
| admin_ssl_key
|
|
| have_openssl
| YES
|
| have_ssl
| YES
|
| mysqlx_ssl_ca
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_capath
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_cert
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_cipher
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_crl
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_crlpath
|
|
| mysqlx_ssl_key
|
|
| performance_schema_show_processlist | OFF
|
| ssl_ca
| /usr/local/mysql/cert/ca.pem
|
| ssl_capath
| /usr/local/mysql/cert/
|
| ssl_cert
| /usr/local/mysql/cert/server-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher
|
|
| ssl_crl
|
|
| ssl_crlpath
|
|
| ssl_fips_mode
| OFF
|
| ssl_key
| /usr/local/mysql/cert/server-key.pem
|
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
25 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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