Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Kali // Debian // UbuntuKali Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Debian // Ubuntu

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我是靠谱客的博主单薄小蘑菇，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Kali // Debian // UbuntuKali Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Debian // Ubuntu，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

Kali Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Debian // Ubuntu

1. 检查仓库源

确保仓库包含contrib和non-free部分。Kali默认就有此部分。Debian可能需要自己手动添加，建议检查下为好。

检查是否包括contrib和non-free

grep "contrib non-free" /etc/apt/sources.list

如果没有的话，需要手动添加。源文件在/etc/apt/sources.list
```
apt edit-sources
或
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
```
更新软件包
```
apt update && apt full-upgrade -y
```

2. 检查显卡

查看显卡信息和驱动信息。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# lspci | grep -i vga
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# lspci -s 09:00.0 -v
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
        Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 80, IOMMU group 15
        Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
        Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
        Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
        I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
        Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
        Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
        Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
        Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
        Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
        Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting
        Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
        Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting
        Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
        Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI Express
        Kernel driver in use: nouveau
        Kernel modules: nouveau


┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─#

对于笔记本电脑或者迷你主机等有集成显卡的设备。主显示卡或许使用的是集成显卡，那么在lspci | grep -i vga这一步就不会显示nvidia独显。下面命令可以查看主显示卡是哪一个。
kali@kali:~$ lspci | grep -i vga
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 (rev 02)
为了查看nvidia显卡，可以安装nvidia-detect，并运行此软件。
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# apt install nvidia-detect

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# nvidia-detect 
Detected NVIDIA GPUs:
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] [10de:1c03] (rev a1)

Checking card:  NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)
Uh oh. Failed to identify your Debian suite.

3. 安装

上一步检查出来的信息中，Kernel driver in use和Kernel modules显示的是nouveau。说明现在使用的是开源通用驱动，而我们现在要安装nvidia闭源驱动和CUDA套件。
```
apt install -y nvidia-driver nvidia-cuda-toolkit
```

安装过程中会提示以下信息

─────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring xserver-xorg-video-nvidia ├─────────────────────────────────┐
│                                                                                                           │
│ Conflicting nouveau kernel module loaded                                                                  │
│                                                                                                           │
│ The free nouveau kernel module is currently loaded and conflicts with the non-free nvidia kernel module.  │
│                                                                                                           │
│ The easiest way to fix this is to reboot the machine once the installation has finished.                  │
│                                                                                                           │
│                                                  <Ok>                                                     │
│                                                                                                           │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

重启电脑
```
reboot
```

4. 确认

检查nvidia驱动和CUDA套件是否安装成功。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# nvidia-smi   
Thu Aug  4 23:29:36 2022       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 470.129.06   Driver Version: 470.129.06   CUDA Version: 11.4     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce ...  Off  | 00000000:09:00.0  On |                  N/A |
|  0%   55C    P0    33W / 190W |    396MiB /  6075MiB |      1%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A      1078      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                191MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A      1474      G   xfwm4                               2MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+


┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# lspci | grep -i vga
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# lspci -s 09:00.0 -v
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
        Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 86, IOMMU group 15
        Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
        Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
        Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
        I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
        Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
        Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
        Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
        Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
        Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
        Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
        Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting
        Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
        Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI Express
        Kernel driver in use: nvidia
        Kernel modules: nvidia