HBase shell常用命令及练习

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我是靠谱客的博主能干中心，最近开发中收集的这篇文章主要介绍HBase shell常用命令及练习，觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

概述

命名空间操作（namespace）

1、创建命名空间

hbase(main):008:0> create_namespace 'test1'
0 row(s) in 0.3370 seconds

2、查看命名空间，default为默认命名空间

hbase(main):009:0> list_namespace
NAMESPACE                                                                                    
default                                                                                      
hbase                                                                                        
test                                                                                         
test1

3、查看指定命名空间下的表

hbase(main):002:0> list_namespace_tables 'default'
TABLE                                                                                        
scores                                                                                       
student                                                                                      
t1                                                                                           
3 row(s) in 0.0550 seconds

4、删除

drop_namespace 'test1'

表结构的操作

1、新建表

语法1：create 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2'}, {NAME => 'f3'}

hbase(main):005:0> create 'test1:t1','col1','col2'
0 row(s) in 1.6030 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - test1:t1

如果不指定test1，则默认在default下创建表t1

语法2：create 'ns1:t1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5}

hbase(main):013:0> create 'test1:t3',{NAME=>'f2','VERSIONS'=>5}
0 row(s) in 1.2510 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - test1:t3

设置f2列簇里面可以有5个版本

语法3：create 'ns1:t1', 'f1', SPLITS => ['10', '20', '30', '40']

hbase(main):014:0> create 'test1:t4','f1',SPLITS=>['10','20','30']
0 row(s) in 2.2470 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - test1:t4

设置region

2、查看表详情（describe）

hbase(main):016:0> describe 'test1:t3'
Table test1:t3 is ENABLED                                                                    
test1:t3                                                                                     
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                  
{NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELL
S => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VER
SIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}          
1 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

3、查看所有表（list）

hbase(main):018:0> list
TABLE                                                                                        
scores                                                                                       
student                                                                                      
t1                                                                                           
test1:t1                                                                                     
test1:t2                                                                                     
test1:t3                                                                                     
test1:t4                                                                                     
test:t1                                                                                      
8 row(s) in 0.0270 seconds

=> ["scores", "student", "t1", "test1:t1", "test1:t2", "test1:t3", "test1:t4", "test:t1"]

4、删除表（disable+drop）

hbase(main):021:0> disable 'test1:t4'
0 row(s) in 2.3010 seconds

hbase(main):022:0> drop 'test1:t4'
0 row(s) in 1.3070 seconds

5、修改表（alter）

新增列簇

hbase(main):024:0> alter 'test1:t1','col3'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.0510 seconds

写入表里面没有出现的列名就行了

更改列的版本数目

hbase(main):025:0> alter 'test1:t1',{NAME=>'col1',VERSIONS=>4}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.2220 seconds

更改了col1的版本为4，表示col1中列名一样下可以存4个，以时间戳来区别不同的版本

删除列簇

hbase(main):026:0> alter 'test1:t1','delete'=>'col3'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.2640 seconds
删除col3这个簇

表数据

1、添加表数据（put）

HBase数据存储可以看成是 <rowkey , column family:column qualifier, timestamp> --> cell(value t2,valuet3…) ，我们在插入时要指定插入哪个表，哪一行，以及哪个簇： put 'ns1:t1', 'rowkey', ' column family:column', 'value'

先创建了一个t2表来存储数据： create 't2','f1','f2

hbase(main):034:0> put 't2','sk-100','f1:name','zhansan'
0 row(s) in 0.0470 seconds

为了后面的查询多插几条数据

put 't2','sk-100','f1:name','zhansan'
put 't2','sk-100','f1:name','lisi'
put 't2','sk-100','f1:age','20'
put 't2','sk-200','f1:age','30'
put 't2','sk-200','f1:name','wanwu'

put 't2','sk-200','f2:name','wanwu'
put 't2','sk-200','f2:age','88'
put 't2','sk-100','f2:age','88'
put 't2','sk-100','f2:name','wanwu'

2、根据rowkey查询表数据（get）

hbase(main):046:0> get 't2','sk-100'
COLUMN                   CELL                                                                
 f1:age                  timestamp=1571364552897, value=20                                   
 f1:name                 timestamp=1571364467464, value=lisi                                 
 f2:age                  timestamp=1571364743804, value=88                                   
 f2:name                 timestamp=1571364751402, value=wanwu                                
4 row(s) in 0.1180 seconds

如果只想查询sk-100中f1簇的数据：

hbase(main):047:0> get 't2','sk-100',{COLUMN=>'f1'}
COLUMN                   CELL                                                                
 f1:age                  timestamp=1571364552897, value=20                                   
 f1:name                 timestamp=1571364467464, value=lisi                                 
2 row(s) in 0.0230 seconds

如果有多个版本的话，要查看多个版本必须加入VERSIONS，不然默认显示最新版本，因为我没有设置版本数，所以输出一样

hbase(main):048:0> get 't2','sk-100',{COLUMN=>'f1',VERSIONS=>4}
COLUMN                   CELL                                                                
 f1:age                  timestamp=1571364552897, value=20                                   
 f1:name                 timestamp=1571364467464, value=lisi                                 
2 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds

3、查询全部记录（scan）

hbase(main):050:0> scan 't2'
ROW                      COLUMN+CELL                                                         
 sk-100                  column=f1:age, timestamp=1571364552897, value=20                    
 sk-100                  column=f1:name, timestamp=1571364467464, value=lisi                 
 sk-100                  column=f2:age, timestamp=1571364743804, value=88                    
 sk-100                  column=f2:name, timestamp=1571364751402, value=wanwu                
 sk-200                  column=f1:age, timestamp=1571364500307, value=30                    
 sk-200                  column=f1:name, timestamp=1571364513677, value=wanwu                
 sk-200                  column=f2:age, timestamp=1571364737688, value=88                    
 sk-200                  column=f2:name, timestamp=1571364723007, value=wanwu                
2 row(s) in 0.0440 seconds

hbase(main):051:0> 
hbase(main):052:0* 
hbase(main):053:0* scan 't2',{COLUMN=>['f1','f2'],VERSIONS=>4}
ROW                      COLUMN+CELL                                                         
 sk-100                  column=f1:age, timestamp=1571364552897, value=20                    
 sk-100                  column=f1:name, timestamp=1571364467464, value=lisi                 
 sk-100                  column=f2:age, timestamp=1571364743804, value=88                    
 sk-100                  column=f2:name, timestamp=1571364751402, value=wanwu                
 sk-200                  column=f1:age, timestamp=1571364500307, value=30                    
 sk-200                  column=f1:name, timestamp=1571364513677, value=wanwu                
 sk-200                  column=f2:age, timestamp=1571364737688, value=88                    
 sk-200                  column=f2:name, timestamp=1571364723007, value=wanwu                
2 row(s) in 0.0400 seconds

4、删除表数据

删除列

hbase(main):062:0> delete 't2','zk-100','f1'
0 row(s) in 0.3570 seconds

删除行

hbase(main):064:0> deleteall 't2','zk-100'
0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

清空表数据

hbase(main):054:0> truncate_preserve 't2'
Truncating 't2' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 4.0440 seconds
只删除表里面的数据

hbase(main):055:0> truncate 't2'
Truncating 't2' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 4.3000 seconds
输出数据并且删除表的结构，例如有设计SPLIT的都会被删除

练习题：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43832243/article/details/102686300