tikz 折线 箭头_这种箭头用LaTex怎么实现?

题主下定决心要实现这种吗，老实讲，这着实有点工作量，不如直接ppt做好。不过既然题主问了，我正好感兴趣，第一次用latex绘图包，花了点时间试了一下。该实现涉及的package叫tikz，是latex专门用来画矢量图的包，大概实现了如下的效果，没有添加颜色和适当布局，题主如果有时间和精力可以进一步学习tikz进行延拓。

======================= 更新

最近又看了下tikz的文档，发现自己第一个版本实现实在太丑陋，所以重制了一下，更美观一点，颜色也加上了：

代码如下

documentclass[]{article}

usepackage{amsmath}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage{bm} % bold mathusepackage{color} % change text colorusetikzlibrary{tikzmark,positioning}

tikzstyle{block} = [draw,rectangle,thick,minimum height=2em,minimum width=2em,anchor=west]

renewcommand{vec}[1]{ensuremath{boldsymbol{#1}}} % bold vectors

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}[overlay, remember picture,>=stealth]

node[block,draw=blue,dotted] (eq1) {$varphi(vecx)=frac{1}{4piepsilon_0}int_Vtikzmarknode[align=right]{rho}{rho}(vecx')[frac{1}{R}-vecx'cdottikzmarknode{nabla}{nabla}frac{1}{R}+frac{1}{2}tikzmarknode{x1}{vecx}'vecx':nablanablafrac{1}{R}+cdots]mathrmdV'$};

node[block,draw=blue!60,dotted,below=1.5cm of eq1.west, anchor=west] (eq2) {$Q=int_Vrho(vecx')mathrm{d}V'$};

node[block,draw=violet,dotted,right=of eq2] (eq3) {$vecp=int_Vrho(vecx')vecx'mathrm{d}V'$};

node[block,draw=red!80,dotted,below=1cm of eq2.west, anchor=west] (eq4) {$mathcal{D}=int_V3vecx'vecx'rho(vecx')mathrm{d}V'$};

node[block,draw=none,below=1cm of eq4.west, anchor=west] (eq5) {$mathcal{D}_{ij}=int_V3vecx'vecx'rho(vecx')mathrm{d}V'quadquadi=1-3, j=1-3$};

node[block,draw=cyan,below=1cm of eq5.west, anchor=west] (eq6) {$varphi(vecx)=cdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdotscdots$};

draw [->, draw=blue] (eq2.north) -- (rho);

% draw [->] (eq3.north) -- (nabla); draw [

draw [

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

另外，我很想把documentclass从article换成standalone，但是换了之后图片格式就乱了，希望有大佬能替我解答一下！

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以下是原始回答：

没有进行精细地参数调整，所以效果很糙，见谅。

documentclass[]{article}

usepackage{amsmath}

usepackage{tikz}

usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}[overlay, remember picture,>=stealth]

node [rectangle, draw, align=right, text width=0.8textwidth] (eq1){

begin{minipage}{textwidth}

centering

$phi(x)=frac{1}{4piepsilon_0}int_Vtikzmarknode{rho}{rho}(x)[frac{1}{R}-xcdottikzmarknode{nabla}{nabla}frac{1}{R}+frac{1}{2}tikzmarknode{x}{x'}x':+cdots]$

end{minipage}

};

node [rectangle, draw, left=1.5cm, below=1.5cm, text width=3.5cm] (eq2){

begin{minipage}{textwidth}

centering

$Q=int_Vrho(x')mathrm{d}V'$

end{minipage}

};

node [rectangle, draw, right=1cm, text width=3.5cm] (eq3) at (eq2.east){

begin{minipage}{textwidth}

centering

$Q=int_Vrho(x')mathrm{d}V'$

end{minipage}

};

node [rectangle, draw, below=1cm, text width=3.5cm] (eq4) at (eq2.south){

begin{minipage}{textwidth}

centering

$Q=int_Vrho(x')mathrm{d}V'$

end{minipage}

};

draw [->] (eq2.north) -- (rho);

% draw [->] (eq3.north) -- (nabla); draw [

draw [

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

给题主推荐几个教程，可以学习一下，里面很多操作的解释基本在下面第一个tikz pgf manual里讲解了https://www.bu.edu/math/files/2013/08/tikzpgfmanual.pdf​www.bu.eduTiKZ 制图简要教程 - LaTeX科技排版工作室​www.latexstudio.net

题主可以学习下，这个例子进行适当扩展Observer/Estimator | TikZ example​texample.net

代码如下：

% Observer/Estimator% Author: Dominik Haumanndocumentclass[landscape,a5paper,11pt]{article}

usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % utf8 encodingusepackage[T1]{fontenc} % use T1 fontsusepackage{amsmath} % nice math symbolsusepackage{bm} % bold mathusepackage{color} % change text color

usepackage{tikz}

usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} % for snake linesusetikzlibrary{matrix} % for block alignmentusetikzlibrary{arrows} % for arrow headsusetikzlibrary{calc} % for manimulation of coordinates

% TikZ styles for drawingtikzstyle{block} = [draw,rectangle,thick,minimum height=2em,minimum width=2em]

tikzstyle{sum} = [draw,circle,inner sep=0mm,minimum size=2mm]

tikzstyle{connector} = [->,thick]

tikzstyle{line} = [thick]

tikzstyle{branch} = [circle,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=1mm,fill=black,draw=black]

tikzstyle{guide} = []

tikzstyle{snakeline} = [connector, decorate, decoration={pre length=0.2cm,

post length=0.2cm, snake, amplitude=.4mm,

segment length=2mm},thick, magenta, ->]

renewcommand{vec}[1]{ensuremath{boldsymbol{#1}}} % bold vectorsdef myneq {skew{-2}not =} % neq alone skews the dash

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1, auto, >=stealth']

small

% node placement with matrix library: 5x4 array matrix[ampersand replacement=&, row sep=0.2cm, column sep=0.4cm] {

% node[block] (F1) {$vec{u}_i=F_i({widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{j=1}^N)$}; &

node[branch] (u1) {}; &

&

node[block] (f1) {$begin{matrix}dot{vec{x}}_i=f_i(vec{x}_i,textcolor{red}{{widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}},vec{u}_i,t)\vec{y}_i=g_i(vec{x}_i,textcolor{blue}{{widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}},t)end{matrix}$}; & \

&

&

&

node[block] (L1) {$vec{e}_i(vec{y}_i-widetilde{vec{y}}_i)$};&

node [sum] (e1) {}; \

&

&

node[sum] (v1) {}; &

node[block] (o1) {$begin{matrix}dot{widetilde{vec{x}}}_i=widetilde{f}_i(widetilde{vec{x}}_i,textcolor{red}{{widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}},vec{v}_i, t)\widetilde{vec{y}}_i=g_i(widetilde{vec{x}}_i,textcolor{blue}{{widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}},t)end{matrix}$};

&

\

node[guide] (i1) {}; & & & & \

};

% now link the nodes draw [line] (F1) -- (u1);

draw [connector] (u1) -- node {$u_i$} (f1);

draw [connector] (f1) -| node[near end] {$vec{y}_i$} (e1);

draw [connector] (e1) -- (L1);

draw [connector] (L1) -| (v1);

draw [connector] (v1) -- node {$vec{v}_i$} (o1);

draw [connector] (u1) |- (v1);

draw [connector] (o1) -| node[pos=0.96] {$-$} node [near end, swap]

{$widetilde{vec{y}}_i$} (e1);

draw [connector] (o1.south) -- ++(0,-.5cm) -| node [near start]

{$widetilde{vec{x}}_i$} ($(F1.south)+(0.4cm,0em)$);

% draw the snake lines with offset (using the calc library) draw [snakeline] ($(i1)-(0.4cm,-1cm)$) -- node

{${widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}$} ($(F1.south)-(0.4cm,0em)$);

draw [snakeline, swap] ($(v1.east)-(1.0cm,0.4cm)$) -- node

{${widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}$} ($(o1.west)-(0cm,0.4cm)$);

draw [snakeline, swap] ($(u1.east)+(0.1cm,-0.4cm)$) -- node

{${widetilde{vec{x}}_j}_{jmyneqi}$} ($(f1.west)-(0cm,0.4cm)$);

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}