概述
C++程序设计上机考试练习题
1．定义盒子Box类，要求具有以下成员：长、宽、高分别为x,y,z，可设置盒子形状；可计算盒子体积；可计算盒子的表面积。
#include<iostream>
class Box
{ private:
int x,y,z; int v,s;
public:
void int(int x1=0,int y1=0,int z1=0) {x=x1;y=y1;z=z1;}
void volue() {v=x*y*z;}
void area() {s=2*(x*y+x*z+y*z);}
void show()
{cout<<"x= "<<x<<" y= "<<y<<" z="<<z<<endl;
cout<<"s= "<<s<<" v= "<<v<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{ Box a;
a.init(2,3,4);
a.volue();
a.area();
a.show();
}
-
有两个长方柱，其长、宽、高分别为：（1）30，20，10；（2）12，10，20。分别求他们的体积。编一个基于对象的程序，在类中用带参数的构造函数。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Box
{public:
Box(int,int,int);//带参数的构造函数
int volume();
private:
int length;
int width;
int height;
};
Box::Box(int len,int h,int w)
{length=len;
height=h;
width=w;
}
//Box::Box(int len,int w,int,h):length(len),height(h),width(w){}
int Box::volume()
{return(length*width*height); }
int main()
{
Box box1(30,20,10);
cout<<"The volume of box1 is "<<box1.volume()<<endl;
Box box2(12,10,20);
cout<<"The volume of box2 is "<<box2.volume()<<endl;
return 0;
}
-
有两个长方柱，其长、宽、高分别为：（1）12，20，25；（2）10，30，20。分别求他们的体积。编一个基于对象的程序，且定义两个构造函数，其中一个有参数，一个无参数。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Box
{
public:
Box();
Box(int len,int w ,int h):length(len),width(w),height(h){}
int volume();
private:
int length;
int width;
int height;
};
int Box::volume()
{return(length*width*height);
}
int main()
{
Box box1(10,20,25);
cout<<"The volume of box1 is "<<box1.volume()<<endl;
Box box2(10,30,20);
cout<<"The volume of box2 is "<<box2.volume()<<endl;
return 0;
}
- 声明一个类模板，利用它分别实现两个整数、浮点数和字符的比较，求出大数和小数。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class numtype>//声明一个类模板
class Compare
{public:
Compare(numtype a,numtype b)
{x=a;y=b;}
numtype max()
{return (x>y)?x:y;}
numtype min()
{return (x<y)?x:y;}
private:
numtype x,y;
};
int main()
{
Compare<int> cmp1(3,7);
cout<<cmp1.max()<<" is the Maximum of two integer numbers."<<endl;
cout<<cmp1.min()<<" is the Minimum of two integer numbers."<<endl<<endl;
Compare<float> cmp2(45.78,93.6);
cout<<cmp2.max()<<" is the Maximum of two float numbers."<<endl;
cout<<cmp2.min()<<" is the Minimum of two float numbers."<<endl<<endl;
Compare<char> cmp3('a','A');
cout<<cmp3.max()<<" is the Maximum of two characters."<<endl;
cout<<cmp3.min()<<" is the Minimum of two characters."<<endl;
return 0;
}
- 建立一个对象数组，内放5个学生的数据（学号、成绩），用指针指向数组首元素，输出第1，3，5个学生的数据。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{public:
Student(int n,double s):num(n),score(s){}
void display();
private:
int num;
double score;
};
void Student::display()
{cout<<num<<" "<<score<<endl;}
int main()
{ Student stud[5]={
Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5),
Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5)};
Student *p=stud;
for(int i=0;i<=2;p=p+2,i++)
p->display();
return 0;
}
- 建立一个对象数组，内放5个学生的数据（学号、成绩），设立一个函数max，用指向对象的指针作函数参数，在max函数中找出5个学生中成绩最高者，并输出其学号。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{ public:
Student(int n,float s):num(n),score(s){}
int num;
float score;
};
void main()
{Student stud[5]={
Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5),
Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5)};
void max(Student* );
Student *p=&stud[0];
max(p);
}
void max(Student *arr)
{float max_score=arr[0].score;
int k=0;
for(int i=1;i<5;i++)
if(arr[i].score>max_score) {max_score=arr[i].score;k=i;}
cout<<arr[k].num<<" "<<max_score<<endl;
}
- 用new建立一个动态一维数组，并初始化int[10]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10},用指针输出，最后销毁数组所占空间。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
void main(){
int *p;
p=new int[10];
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
*(p+i-1)=i;
cout<<*(p+i-1)<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
delete []p;
return;
}
- 定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“+”，使之能用于复数的加法运算。将运算符函数重载为非成员、非友元的普通函数。编写程序，求两个复数之和。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
double get_real();
double get_imag();
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
double Complex::get_real()
{return real;}
double Complex::get_imag()
{return imag;}
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}
Complex operator + (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
{
return Complex(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(),c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag());
}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<"c3=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
- 定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“＋”，“—”，使之能用于复数的加，减运算，运算符重载函数作为Complex类的成员函数。编程序，分别求出两个复数之和，差。初值自拟。
using namespace std;
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
Complex operator-(Complex &c2);
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)
{Complex c;
c.real=real+c2.real;
c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
return c;}
Complex Complex::operator-(Complex &c2)
{Complex c;
c.real=real-c2.real;
c.imag=imag-c2.imag;
return c;}
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<"c1+c2=";
c3.display();
c3=c1-c2;
cout<<"c1-c2=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
- 定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符 “*”，“/”，使之能用于复数的乘，除。运算符重载函数作为Complex类的成员函数。编程序，分别求出两个复数之积和商。初值自拟。提示：两复数相乘的计算公式为：(a+bi)*(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(ad+bc)i。两复数相除的计算公式为：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c*c+d*d)+(bc-ad) /(c*c+d*d)i。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
Complex operator*(Complex &c2);
Complex operator/(Complex &c2);
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator*(Complex &c2)
{Complex c;
c.real=real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag;
c.imag=imag*c2.real+real*c2.imag;
return c;}
Complex Complex::operator/(Complex &c2)
{Complex c;
c.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
c.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
return c;}
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
c3=c1*c2;
cout<<"c1*c2=";
c3.display();
c3=c1/c2;
cout<<"c1/c2=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
- 定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“＋”，使之能用于复数的加法运算。参加运算的两个运算量可以都是类对象，也可以其中有一个是整数，顺序任意。例如：c1+c2，i+c1，c1+i均合法（设i为整数，c1，c2为复数）。编程序，分别求两个复数之和、整数和复数之和。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
Complex operator+(int &i);
friend Complex operator+(int&,Complex &);
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c)
{return Complex(real+c.real,imag+c.imag);}
Complex Complex::operator+(int &i)
{return Complex(real+i,imag);}
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}
Complex operator+(int &i,Complex &c)
{return Complex(i+c.real,c.imag);}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
int i=5;
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<"c1+c2=";
c3.display();
c3=i+c1;
cout<<"i+c1=";
c3.display();
c3=c1+i;
cout<<"c1+i=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
- 有两个矩阵a和b，均为2行3列。求两个矩阵之和。重载运算符“+”，使之能用于矩阵相加。如c=a+b。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
class Matrix
{public:
Matrix();
friend Matrix operator+(Matrix &,Matrix &);
void input();
void display();
private:
int mat[2][3];
};
Matrix::Matrix()
{for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
mat[i][j]=0;
}
Matrix operator+(Matrix &a,Matrix &b)
{Matrix c;
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{c.mat[i][j]=a.mat[i][j]+b.mat[i][j];}
return c;
}
void Matrix::input()
{cout<<"input value of matrix:"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>mat[i][j];
}
void Matrix::display()
{for (int i=0;i<2;i++)
{for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{cout<<mat[i][j]<<" ";}
cout<<endl;}
}
int main()
{Matrix a,b,c;
a.input();
b.input();
cout<<endl<<"Matrix a:"<<endl;
a.display();
cout<<endl<<"Matrix b:"<<endl;
b.display();
c=a+b;
cout<<endl<<"Matrix c = Matrix a + Matrix b :"<<endl;
c.display();
return 0;
}
- 将运算符“＋”重载为适用于复数加法，重载函数不作为成员函数，而放在类外，作为Complex类的友元函数。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r){real=r;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
friend Complex operator+ (Complex &c1,Complex &c2);
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex operator+ (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
{
return Complex(c1.real+c2.real, c1.imag+c2.imag);
}
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<"c1="; c1.display();
cout<<"c2="; c2.display();
cout<<"c1+c2="; c3.display();
return 0;
}
- 定义一个字符串类String，用来存放不定长的字符串，重载运算符“＝＝”，，用于两个字符串的等于比较运算。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
class String
{public:
String(){p=NULL;}
String(char *str);
friend bool operator==(String &string1,String &string2);
void display();
private:
char *p;
};
String::String(char *str)
{p=str;
}
void String::display()
{cout<<p;}
bool operator==(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)==0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void compare(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(operator==(string1,string2)==1)
{string1.display();cout<<"=";string2.display();}
cout<<endl;
}
int main()
{String string1("Hello"),string2("Hello");
compare(string1,string2);
return 0;
}
- 定义一个字符串类String，用来存放不定长的字符串，重载运算符"<"，用于两个字符串的小于的比较运算。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
class String
{public:
String(){p=NULL;}
String(char *str);
friend bool operator<(String &string1,String &string2);
void display();
private:
char *p;
};
String::String(char *str)
{p=str;
}
void String::display()
{cout<<p;}
bool operator<(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)<0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void compare(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(operator<(string1,string2)==1)
{string1.display();cout<<"<";string2.display();}
cout<<endl;
}
int main()
{String string1("Book"),string2("Computer");
compare(string1,string2);
return 0;
}
- 定义一个字符串类String，用来存放不定长的字符串，重载运算符">"，用于两个字符串的大于的比较运算。初值自拟。
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
class String
{public:
String(){p=NULL;}
String(char *str);
friend bool operator>(String &string1,String &string2);
void display();
private:
char *p;
};
String::String(char *str)
{p=str;
}
void String::display()
{cout<<p;}
bool operator>(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)>0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void compare(String &string1,String &string2)
{if(operator>(string1,string2)==1)
{string1.display();cout<<">";string2.display();}
cout<<endl;
}
int main()
{String string1("Hello"),string2("Book");
compare(string1,string2);
return 0;}
- 定义一个描述学生基本情况的类，数据成员包括姓名、学号、C++成绩、英语和数学成绩，成员函数包括输出数据，求出总成绩和平均成绩。数据自拟。
#include"string.h"
#include <iostream.h>
class CStuScore
{ public:
char strName[12];
char strStuNO[9];
void SetScore( char sname[12], char NO[9],float s0, float s1, float s2)
{
strcpy(strName, sname);
strcpy(strStuNO, NO);
fScore[0] = s0;
fScore[1] = s1;
fScore[2] = s2; }
void print()
{ cout<<
cout<<"姓名:"<<strName;
cout<<"学号:"<<strStuNO;
cout<<" C++成绩:"<<fScore[0]<<"英语成绩："<<fScore[1]<<"数学成绩："<<fScore[2]<<endl; }
float GetSUM()
{ return (float)((fScore[0] + fScore[1] + fScore[2])); }
float GetAverage();
private:
float fScore[3];
};
float CStuScore::GetAverage()
{ return (float)((fScore[0] + fScore[1] + fScore[2])/3.0); }
void main()
{ CStuScore one;
float a,b,c;
char Name[12];
char StuNO[9];
cout<<"姓名:";
cin>>Name;
cout<<"学号:";
cin>>StuNO;
cout<<" 成绩1:"<<" 成绩2： "<<" 成绩3： "<<"n";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
one.SetScore(Name,StuNO,a,b,c);
one.print();
cout<<"平均成绩为 "<<one.GetAverage()<<"n";
cout<<"总成绩"<<one.GetSUM()<<"n";}
- 先建立一个Point（点）类，包含数据成员x，y（坐标点）。以它为基类，派生出一个Circle（圆）类，增加数据成员r（半径），再以Circle类为直接基类，派生出一个Cylinder（圆柱体）类，在增加数据成员h（高）。编写程序，重载运算符“<<”和“>>”，使之能够用于输出以上类对象。
#include <iostream.h>
class Point
{public:
Point(float=0,float=0);
void setPoint(float,float);
float getX() const {return x;}
float getY() const {return y;}
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &,const Point &);
protected:
float x,y;
};
Point::Point(float a,float b)
{x=a;y=b;}
void Point::setPoint(float a,float b)
{x=a;y=b;}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,const Point &p)
{output<<"["<<p.x<<","<<p.y<<"]"<<endl;
return output;
}
class Circle:public Point
{public:
Circle(float x=0,float y=0,float r=0);
void setRadius(float);
float getRadius() const;
float area () const;
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &,const Circle &);
protected:
float radius;
};
Circle::Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}
void Circle::setRadius(float r)
{radius=r;}
float Circle::getRadius() const {return radius;}
float Circle::area() const
{return 3.14159*radius*radius;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Circle &c)
{output<<"Center=["<<c.x<<","<<c.y<<"], r="<<c.radius<<", area="<<c.area()<<endl;
return output;
}
class Cylinder:public Circle
{public:
Cylinder (float x=0,float y=0,float r=0,float h=0);
void setHeight(float);
float getHeight() const;
float area() const;
float volume() const;
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,const Cylinder&);
protected:
float height;
};
Cylinder::Cylinder(float a,float b,float r,float h)
:Circle(a,b,r),height(h){}
void Cylinder::setHeight(float h){height=h;}
float Cylinder::getHeight() const {return height;}
float Cylinder::area() const
{ return 2*Circle::area()+2*3.14159*radius*height;}
float Cylinder::volume() const
{return Circle::area()*height;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Cylinder& cy)
{output<<"Center=["<<cy.x<<","<<cy.y<<"], r="<<cy.radius<<", h="<<cy.height
<<"narea="<<cy.area()<<", volume="<<cy.volume()<<endl;
return output;
}
int main()
{Cylinder cy1(3.5,6.4,5.2,10);
cout<<"noriginal cylinder:nx="<<cy1.getX()<<", y="<<cy1.getY()<<", r="
<<cy1.getRadius()<<", h="<<cy1.getHeight()<<"narea="<<cy1.area()
<<", volume="<<cy1.volume()<<endl;
cy1.setHeight(15);
cy1.setRadius(7.5);
cy1.setPoint(5,5);
cout<<"nnew cylinder:n"<<cy1;
Point &pRef=cy1;
cout<<"npRef as a point:"<<pRef;
Circle &cRef=cy1;
cout<<"ncRef as a Circle:"<<cRef;
return 0;
}
- 写一个程序，定义抽象类型Shape，由他派生三个类：Circle（圆形），Rectangle（矩形），Trapezoid（梯形），用一个函数printArea分别输出三者的面积，3个图形的数据在定义对象是给定。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{public:
Trapezoid(double w,double h,double len):width(w),height(h),length(len){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*height*(width+length);}
protected:
double width,height,length;
};
void printArea(const Shape &s)
{cout<<s.area()<<endl;}
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6);
cout<<"area of circle =";
printArea(circle);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
cout<<"area of rectangle =";
printArea(rectangle);
Trapezoid trapezoid(4.5,8.4,8.0);
cout<<"area of trapezoid =";
printArea(trapezoid);
return 0;
}
- 定义一个人员类Cperson，包括数据成员：姓名、编号、性别和用于输入输出的成员函数。在此基础上派生出学生类CStudent(增加成绩)和老师类Cteacher(增加教龄)，并实现对学生和教师信息的输入输出。
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
class CPerson
{
public:
void SetData(char *name, char *id, bool isman = 1)
{ int n = strlen(name);
strncpy(pName, name, n); pName[n] = ' ';
n = strlen(id);
strncpy(pID, id, n);
pID[n] = ' ';
bMan = isman;
}
void Output()
{
cout<<"姓名："<<pName<<endl;
cout<<"编号："<<pID<<endl;
char *str = bMan?"男":"女";
cout<<"性别："<<str<<endl;
}
private:
char pName[20];
char pID[20];
bool bMan;
};
class CStudent: public CPerson
{
public:
void InputScore(double score1, double score2, double score3)
{
dbScore[0] = score1;
dbScore[1] = score2;
dbScore[2] = score3;
}
void Print()
{
Output();
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
cout<<"成绩"<<i+1<<"："<<dbScore[i]<<endl;
}
private:
double dbScore[3];
};
class Cteacher: public CPerson
{
public:
void Inputage(double age)
{
tage = age;
}
void Print()
{
Output();
cout<<"教龄："<<tage<<endl;
}
private:
double tage;
};
void main()
{
CStudent stu;
Cteacher tea;
stu.SetData("LiMing", "21010211");
stu.InputScore( 80, 76, 91 );
stu.Print();
tea.SetData("zhangli","001");
tea.Inputage(12);
tea.Print();
}
二、第二类题目（20道，每题9分，请自行设计输出格式）
1．某商店经销一种货物，货物成箱购进，成箱卖出，购进和卖出时以重量为单位，各箱的重量不一样，因此，商店需要记下目前库存货物的总量，要求把商店货物购进和卖出的情况模拟出来。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Goods
{ public :
Goods ( int w) { weight = w; totalWeight += w ; } ;
~ Goods ( ) { totalWeight -= weight ; } ;
int Weight ( ) { return weight ; } ;
static int TotalWeight ( ) { return totalWeight ; } ;
private : int weight ;
static int totalWeight ;
} ;
int Goods :: totalWeight = 0 ;
main ( )
{ int w ;
cin >> w ; Goods *g1 = new Goods( w ) ;
cin >> w ; Goods *g2 = new Goods( w ) ;
cout << Goods::TotalWeight ( ) << endl ;
delete g2 ;
cout << Goods::TotalWeight ( ) << endl ;
}
2．设计一个Time类，包括三个私有数据成员：hour,minute,sec，用构造函数初始化,内设公用函数display(Date &d),设计一个Date类，包括三个私有数据成员：month,day,year，也用构适函数初始化；分别定义两个带参数的对象t1(12,30,55),d1(3,25,2010)，通过友员成员函数的应用，输出d1和t1的值。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date;
class Time
{public:
Time(int,int,int);
void display(const Date&);
private:
int hour;
int minute;
int sec;
};
Time::Time(int h,int m,int s)
{hour=h;
minute=m;
sec=s;
}
class Date
{public:
Date(int,int,int);
friend void Time::display(const Date &);
private:
int month;
int day;
int year;
};
Date::Date(int m,int d,int y)
{month=m;
day=d;
year=y;
}
void Time::display(const Date &da)
{cout<<da.month<<"/"<<da.day<<"/"<<da.year<<endl;
cout<<hour<<":"<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;
}
int main()
{Time t1(12,30,55);
Date d1(3,25,2010);
t1.display(d1);
return 0;
}
3. 设计一个Time类，包括三个私有数据成员：hour,minute,sec，用构造函数初始化, ,设计一个Date类，包括三个私有数据成员：month,day,year，也用构适函数初始化；设计一个普通函数display(…),将display分别设置为T ime类和Date类的友元函数，在主函数中分别定义两个带参数的对象t1(12,30,55),d1(3,25,2010)，
调用desplay,输出年、月、日和时、分、秒。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date;
class Time
{public:
Time(int,int,int);
friend void display(const Date &,const Time &);
private:
int hour;
int minute;
int sec;
};
Time::Time(int h,int m,int s)
{hour=h;
minute=m;
sec=s;
}
class Date
{public:
Date(int,int,int);
friend void display(const Date &,const Time &);
private:
int month;
int day;
int year;
};
Date::Date(int m,int d,int y)
{month=m;
day=d;
year=y;
}
void display(const Date &d,const Time &t)
{
cout<<d.month<<"/"<<d.day<<"/"<<d.year<<endl;
cout<<t.hour<<":"<<t.minute<<":"<<t.sec<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Time t1(10,30,55);
Date d1(3,25,2010);
display(d1,t1);
return 0;
}
4．可以定义点类（Point），再定义一个类（Distance）描述两点之间的距离，其数据成员为两个点类对象，两点之间距离的计算可设计由构造函数来实现。
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class Point
{ public :
Point ( double xi , double yi ) { X = xi ; Y = yi ; }
double GetX( ) { return X ; }
double GetY( ) { return Y ; }
private : double X , Y ;
} ;
class Distance
{
public :
Distance(Point p,Point q);
double Getdist() {return dist;}
private:
Point a,b;
double dist;
};
Distance::Distance(Point q1,Point q2):a(q1),b(q2)
{ double dx=double(a.GetX()-b.GetX());
double dy=double(a.GetY()-b.GetY());
dist=sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
}
int main ( )
{ Point p1 ( 3.0 , 5.0 ) , p2 ( 4.0 , 6.0 ) ;
Distance dis(p1,p2);
cout << "This distance is: "<< dis.Getdist()<<endl ;
return 0;}
5．定义点类（Point），再定义一个函数（Distance）描述两点之间的距离，其数据成员为两个点类对象，将两点之间距离函数声明为Point类的友元函数。
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class Point
{ public :
Point ( double xi , double yi ) { X = xi ; Y = yi ; }
double GetX( ) { return X ; }
double GetY( ) { return Y ; }
friend double Distance ( Point & a , Point & b ) ;
private : double X , Y ;
} ;
double Distance ( Point & a , Point & b )
{ double dx = a.X - b.X ;
double dy = a.Y - b.Y ;
return sqrt( dx * dx + dy * dy ) ;
}
int main ( )
{ Point p1 ( 3.0 , 5.0 ) , p2 ( 4.0 , 6.0 ) ;
double d = Distance ( p1 , p2 ) ;
cout << "This distance is " << d << endl ;
return 0;}
6．实现重载函数Double(x)，返回值为输人参数的两倍；参数分别为整型、浮点型、双精度型，返回值类型与参数一样。（用类模板实现）
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class numtype>
class Double
{public:
Double(numtype a)
{x=a;}
numtype bei()
{return 2*x;}
private:
numtype x;
};
int main()
{Double<int>dou1(3);
cout<<dou1.bei()<<endl;
Double<float>dou2(12.36);
cout<<dou2.bei()<<endl;
Double<double>dou3(25.33333);
cout<<dou3.bei()<<endl;
return 0;
}
7．有一个Time类，包含数据成员minute（分）和sec（秒），模拟秒表，每次走一秒，满60秒进一分钟，此时秒又从0开始算。要求输出分和秒的值。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{public:
Time(){minute=0;sec=0;}
Time(int m,int s):minute(m),sec(s){}
Time operator++();
void display(){cout<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;}
private:
int minute;
int sec;
};
Time Time::operator++()
{if(++sec>=60)
{sec-=60;
++minute;}
return *this;
}
int main()
{Time time1(34,0);
for (int i=0;i<61;i++)
{++time1;
time1.display();}
return 0;
}
8．声明一个教师（Teacher）类和一个学生（Student）类，用多重继承的方式声明一个研究生（Graduate）派生类。教师类中包括数据成员name（姓名），age（年龄），title（职称）。学生类中包括数据成员name（姓名），age（年龄），score（成绩）。在定义派生类对象时给出初始化的数据（自已定），然后输出这些数据。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Teacher
{public:
Teacher(string nam,int a,string t)
{name=nam;
age=a;
title=t;}
void display()
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"age"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl;
}
protected:
string name;
int age;
string title;
};
class Student
{public:
Student(string nam,char s,float sco)
{name1=nam;
sex=s;
score=sco;}
void display1()
{cout<<"name:"<<name1<<endl;
cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"score:"<<score<<endl;
}
protected:
string name1;
char sex;
float score;
};
class Graduate:public Teacher,public Student
{public:
Graduate(string nam,int a,char s,string t,float sco,float w):
Teacher(nam,a,t),Student(nam,s,sco),wage(w) {}
void show( )
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"score:"<<score<<endl;
cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl;
cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl;
}
private:
float wage;
};
int main( )
{Graduate grad1("Wang-li",24,'f',"assistant",89.5,1234.5);
grad1.show( );
return 0;
}
9．在上题的基础上，在Teacher类和Student类之上增加一个共同的基类Person，如下图所示。作为人员的一些基本数据都放在Person中，在Teacher类和Student类中再增加一些必要的数据（Student类中增加score,Teacher类中增加职称title,Graduate类中增加工资wages）。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{public:
Person(char *nam,char s,int a)
{strcpy(name,nam);sex=s;age=a;}
protected:
char name[20];
char sex;
int age;
};
class Teacher:virtual public Person
{public:
Teacher(char *nam,char s,int a,char *t):Person(nam,s,a)
{strcpy(title,t);
}
protected:
char title[10];
};
class Student:virtual public Person
{public:
Student(char *nam,char s,int a,float sco):
Person(nam,s,a),score(sco){}
protected:
float score;
};
class Graduate:public Teacher,public Student
{public:
Graduate(char *nam,char s,int a,char *t,float sco,float w):
Person(nam,s,a),Teacher(nam,s,a,t),Student(nam,s,a,sco),wage(w){}
void show( )
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"score:"<<score<<endl;
cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl;
cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl;
}
private:
float wage;
};
int main( )
{Graduate grad1("Wang-li",'f',24,"assistant",89.5,1234.5);
grad1.show( );
return 0;
}
- 写一个程序，定义抽象类型Shape，由他派生三个类：Circle（圆形），Rectangle（矩形），Trapezoid（梯形），用一个函数printArea分别输出三者的面积，3个图形的数据在定义对象是给定。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0; //纯虚函数
};
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{public:
Trapezoid(double w,double h,double len):width(w),height(h),length(len){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*height*(width+length);}
protected:
double width,height,length;
};
void printArea(const Shape &s)
{cout<<s.area()<<endl;}
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6);
cout<<"area of circle =";
printArea(circle);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
cout<<"area of rectangle =";
printArea(rectangle);
Trapezoid trapezoid(4.5,8.4,8.0);
cout<<"area of trapezoid =";
printArea(trapezoid);
return 0;
}
- 声明一个Shape抽象类，在此基础上派生出Rectangle和Circle类，二者都有GetArea( )函数计算对象的面积，GetPerim( )函数计算对象的周长。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{public:
Shape(){}
~Shape(){}
virtual float GetPerim()=0;
virtual float GetArea()=0;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(float i,float j):L(i),W(j){}
~Rectangle(){}
float GetPerim(){return 2*(L+W);}
float GetArea(){return L*W;}
private:
float L,W;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(float r):R(r){}
float GetPerim(){return 3.14*2*R;}
float GetArea(){return 3.14*R*R;}
private:
float R;
};
void main()
{Shape * sp;
sp=new Circle(10);
cout<<sp->GetPerim ()<<endl;
cout<<sp->GetArea()<<endl;
sp=new Rectangle(6,4);
cout<<sp->GetPerim()<<endl;
cout<<sp->GetArea()<<endl;
}
12．分别用成员函数和友元函数重载运算符，使对实型的运算符“-”适用于复数运算。
#include <iostream.h>
class complex
{private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0){ real=r; imag=i ;}
friend complex operator - (complex c1,complex c2);
void display();
};
complex operator - (complex c1,complex c2)
{return complex( c1.real-c2.real,c1.imag-c2.imag );}
void complex::display()
{
cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
void main()
{complex c1(5,4),c2(2,10),c3,;
cout<<"cl=";
c1.display();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
c3=c1-c2;
cout<<"c3=c1-c2=";
c3.display();
}
- 分别用成员函数和友元函数重载运算符，使对实型的运算符“+” 适用于复数运算。
#include <iostream.h>
class complex
{private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0){ real=r; imag=i ;}
friend complex operator + (complex c1,complex c2);
void display();
};
complex operator + (complex c1,complex c2)
{return complex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag );}
void complex::display()
{
cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
void main()
{complex c1(5,4),c2(2,10),c3,;
cout<<"cl=";
c1.display();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<"c3=c1+c2=";
c3.display();
}
- 分别用成员函数和友元函数重载运算符，使对实型的运算符“*” 适用于复数运算。提示：两复数相乘的计算公式为：(a+bi)*(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(ad+bc)i。
#include <iostream.h>
class complex
{private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0){ real=r; imag=i ;}
friend complex operator *(complex c1,complex c2);
void display();
};
complex operator * (complex c1,complex c2)
{return complex(c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag,c1.real*c2.imag+c2.real*c1.imag );}
void complex::display()
{
cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
void main()
{complex c1(5,4),c2(2,10),c3,;
cout<<"cl=";
c1.display();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
c3=c1*c2;
cout<<"c3=c1*c2=";
c3.display();
}
15．分别用成员函数和友元函数重载运算符，使对实型的运算符“/” 适用于复数运算。
提示：两复数相除的计算公式为：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c*c+d*d)+(bc-ad) /(c*c+d*d)i。
#include <iostream.h>
class complex
{private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0){ real=r; imag=i ;}
friend complex operator /(complex c1,complex c2);
void display();
};
complex operator / (complex c1,complex c2)
{return complex( (c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag),
(c2.real*c1.imag-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag));}
void complex::display()
{
cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
void main()
{complex c1(5,4),c2(2,10),c3,;
cout<<"cl=";
c1.display();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
c3=c1/c2;
cout<<"c3=c1/c2=";
c3.display();
}
- 定义一个国家基类Country，包含国名、首都、人口等属性，派生出省类Province，增加省会城市、人口数量属性。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Country
{public:
Country(string nam,string c,long int cp)
{name=nam;capital=c;country_population=cp;}
protected:
string name;
string capital;
long int country_population;
};
class Province:public Country
{public:
Province(string nam,string c,long int cp,string pc,long int pp):Country(nam,c,cp)
{Province_capital=pc;
Province_population=pp;
};
void show()
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"capital:"<<capital<<endl;
cout<<"country_population:"<<country_population<<endl;
cout<<"Province_capital:"<<Province_capital<<endl;
cout<<"Province_population:"<<Province_population<<endl;
}
private:
string Province_capital;
long int Province_population;
};
int main()
{Province prov1("China","Beijing",1300000000,"Nanchang",45000000);
prov1.show();
return 0;
}
- 定义一个车基类Vehicle，含私有成员speed，weight。派生出自行车类Bicycle，增加high成员；汽车类Car，增加seatnum(座位数)成员。从bicycle和car中派生出摩托车类Motocycle。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{public:
Vehicle(float sp,float w){speed=sp;weight=w;}
void display(){cout<<"speed:"<<speed<<" weight"<<weight<<endl;}
private:
float speed;
float weight;
};
class Bicycle:virtual public Vehicle
{public:
Bicycle(float sp,float w,float h):Vehicle(sp,w){high = h;}
float high;
};
class Car:virtual public Vehicle
{public:
Car(float sp,float w,int num):Vehicle(sp,w)
{seatnum = num;
}
protected:
int seatnum;
};
class Motorcycle:public Bicycle,public Car
{public:
Motorcycle(float sp,float w,float h,int num):Vehicle(sp,w),Bicycle(sp,w,h),Car(sp,w,num){}
void display(){
Vehicle::display();
cout<<" high:"<<high<<" seatnum:"<<seatnum<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{Motorcycle m(120,120,120,1);
m.display();
return 0;
}
- 把定义平面直角坐标系上的一个点的类Cpoint作为基类，派生出描述一条直线的类Cline,再派生出一个矩形类Crect。要求成员函数能求出两点间的距离、矩形的周长和面积。设计一个完整程序。数据自拟。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Cpoint{
public:
void setX(float x){X=x;}
void setY(float y){Y=y;}
float getX(){return X;}
float getY(){return Y;}
protected:
float X,Y;
};
class Cline:public Cpoint{
protected:
float d,X1,Y1;
public:
void input(){
cout <<"请输入一个点的坐标值X1,Y1:" <<endl;
cin>>X1>>Y1;
}
float getX1(){return X1;}
float getY1(){return Y1;}
float dis(){
d=sqrt((X-X1)*(X-X1)+(Y-Y1)*(Y-Y1));
return d;
}
void show(){
cout <<"直线长度为： "<<d <<endl;
}
};
class Crect:public Cline{
public:
void input1(){
cout <<"请输入矩形另外一条边的长度d1:" <<endl;
cin>>d1;
}
float getd1(){return d1;}
float getd(){ return d;}
float area(){
a = d*d1;
return a;
}
float zhou(){
z=2*(d+d1);
return z;
}
void show1(){
cout <<"此矩形的面积和周长分别是 ：" <<a <<" " <<z <<endl;
}
protected:
float a, z,d1;
};
int main(){
Cline l1;
Crect r1;
l1.setX(2);
l1.setY(2);
l1.input();
l1.dis();
l1.show();
r1.setX(2);
r1.setY(2);
r1.input();
r1.input1();
r1.getd1();
r1.dis();
r1.area();
r1.zhou();
r1.show1();
return 0;
}
- 声明一个哺乳动物Mammal类，再由此派生出狗Dog类，二者都定义Speak( )成员函数，基类中定义为虚函数。声明一个Dog类的对象，调用Speak()函数，观察运行结果。
#include <iostream.h>
class Mammal
{
public:
Mammal():itsAge(1) { cout << "Mammal constructor"<<endl; }
~Mammal() { cout << "Mammal destructor"<<endl; }
virtual void Speak() const { cout << "Mammal speak!"<<endl; }
private:
int itsAge;
};
class Dog : public Mammal
{
public:
Dog() { cout << "Dog Constructor"<<endl; }
~Dog() { cout << "Dog destructor"<<endl; }
void Speak() const { cout << "Woof!"<<endl; }
};
int main()
{
Mammal *pDog = new Dog;
pDog->Speak();
delete pDog;
return 0;
}
- 定义一个抽象类Cshape，包含纯虚函数Area(用来计算面积)和SetData(用来重设形状大小)。然后派生出三角形Ctriangle类、矩形Crect类、圆Ccircle类，分别求其面积。最后定义一个CArea类，计算这几个形状的面积之和，各形状的数据通过Carea类构造函数或成员函数来设置。编写一个完整程序。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cshape
{
public:
virtual float Area()=0;
};
class CTriangle :public Cshape
{
int vect;
public:
CTriangle(int v):vect(v) {}
float Area() {return vect*1.732/4;}
};
class CRect:public Cshape
{
int length,height;
public:
CRect(int l,int h):length(l),height(h) {}
float Area() {return length*height;}
};
class CCircle:public Cshape
{
int radius;
public:
CCircle(int r):radius(r) {}
float Area() {return 3.14*radius*radius;}
};
class Area
{
CTriangle t;
CRect r;
CCircle c;
public:
Area(int v,int l,int h,int r):t(v),r(l,h),c(r) {}
float sum() {return t.Area()+r.Area()+c.Area();}
};
int main()
{
Area a(10,20,30,5);
cout<<a.sum()<<endl;
return 0;}
三、第三类题目[（10道，每题11分，请自行设计输出格式）
1．商店销售某一商品，商店每天公布统一的折扣（discount）。同时允许销售人员在销售时灵活掌握售价（price），在此基础上，对一次购10件以上者，还可以享受9.8折优惠。现已知当天3名销货员的销售情况为：
销货员号（num） 销货件数（quantity） 销售单价（price）
101 5 23.5
102 12 24.56
103 100 21.5
请编程序，计算出当日此商品的总销售款sum，以及每件商品的平均售价。要求用静态数据成员和静态成员函数。（提示：将折扣discount、总销售款sum和商品销售总件数n声明为静态数据成员，再定义静态成员函数average（求平均售价）和display（输出结果）。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Product
{public:
Product(int n,int q,float p):num(n),quantity(q),price(p){};
void total();
static float average();
static void display();
private:
int num;
int quantity;
float price;
static float discount;
static float sum;
static int n;
};
void Product::total()
{float rate=1.0;
if(quantity>10) rate=0.98*rate;
sum=sum+quantity*price*rate*(1-discount);
n=n+quantity;
}
void Product::display()
{cout<<sum<<endl;
cout<<average()<<endl; }
float Product::average()
{return(sum/n);}
float Product::discount=0.05;
float Product::sum=0;
int Product::n=0;
int main()
{ Product Prod[3]={ Product(101,5,23.5),Product(102,12,24.56),Product(103,100,21.5)};
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
Prod[i].total();
Product::display();
return 0; }
2．请编写程序，处理一个复数与一个double数相加的运算，结果存放在一个double型的变量d1中，输出d1的值，再以复数形式输出此值。定义Complex（复数）类，在成员函数中包含重载类型转换运算符：operator double（）{ return real；}。初值自拟。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{public:
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r){real=r;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
operator double(){return real;}
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
void Complex::display()
{cout<<"("<<real<<", "<<imag<<")"<<endl;}
int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2;
double d1;
d1=2.5+c1;
cout<<"d1="<<d1<<endl;
c2=Complex(d1);
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
return 0;}
3．定义一个Teacher（教师）类和一个Student（学生）类，二者有一部分数据成员是相同的，例如num（号码），name（姓名），sex（性别）。编写程序，将一个Student对象（学生）转换为Teacher（教师）类，只将以上3个相同的数据成员移植过去。可以设想为：一位学生大学毕业了，留校担任教师，他原有的部分数据对现在的教师身份来说仍然是有用的，应当保留并成为其教师的数据的一部分。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{public:
Student(int,char[],char,float);
int get_num(){return num;}
char * get_name(){return name;}
char get_sex(){return sex;}
void display()
{cout<<"num:"<<num<<"nname:"<<name<<"nsex:"<<sex<<"nscore:"<<score<<"nn";}
private:
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float score;
};
Student::Student(int n,char nam[],char s,float so)
{num=n;
strcpy(name,nam);
sex=s;
score=so;}
class Teacher
{public:
Teacher(){}
Teacher(Student&);
Teacher(int n,char nam[],char sex,float pay);
void display();
private:
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float pay; };
Teacher::Teacher(int n,char nam[],char s,float p)
{num=n;
strcpy(name,nam);
sex=s;
pay=p;}
Teacher::Teacher(Student& stud)
{num=stud.get_num();
strcpy(name,stud.get_name());
sex=stud.get_sex();
pay=1500;}
void Teacher::display()
{cout<<"num:"<<num<<"nname:"<<name<<"nsex:"<<sex<<"npay:"<<pay<<"nn";}
int main()
{Teacher teacher1(10001,"Li",'f',1234.5),teacher2;
Student student1(20010,"Wang",'m',89.5);
cout<<"student1:"<<endl;
student1.display();
teacher2=Teacher(student1);
cout<<"teacher2:"<<endl;
teacher2.display();
return 0;}
4．有一个Time类，包含数据成员minute（分）和sec（秒），模拟秒表，每次走一秒，满60秒进一分钟，此时秒又从0开始算。要求输出分和秒的值，且对后置自增运算符的重载。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{public:
Time(){minute=0;sec=0;}
Time(int m,int s):minute(m),sec(s){}
Time operator++();
Time operator++(int);
void display(){cout<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;}
private:
int minute;
int sec; };
Time Time::operator++()
{if(++sec>=60)
{sec-=60;
++minute;}
return *this;}
Time Time::operator++(int)
{Time temp(*this);
sec++;
if(sec>=60)
{sec-=60;
++minute;}
return temp; }
int main()
{Time time1(34,0),time2(35,0);
for (int i=0;i<61;i++)
{++time1; time1.display(); }
for (int j=0;j<61;j++)
{time2++; time2.display(); }
return 0;}
5．定义一个基类Student（学生），在定义Student类的公用派生类Graduate（研究生），用指向基类对象的指针输出数据。为减少程序长度，在每个类中只设很少成员。学生类只设num(学号)，name(姓名)和score(分数)3个数据成员，Gradute类只增加一个数据成员pay(工资)。具体初始化数据自己设定。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Student
{public:
Student(int,string,float);
void display();
private:
int num;
string name;
float score;
};
Student::Student(int n,string nam,float s)
{num=n;
name=nam;
score=s;
}
void Student::display()
{cout<<endl<<"num:"<<num<<endl;
cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"score:"<<score<<endl; }
class Graduate:public Student
{public:
Graduate(int,string,float,float);
void display();
private:
float pay;};
void Graduate::display()
{Student::display();
cout<<"pay="<<pay<<endl;
}
Graduate::Graduate(int n,string nam,float s,float p):Student(n,nam,s),pay(p){}
int main()
{Student stud1(1001,"Li",87.5);
Graduate grad1(2001,"Wang",98.5,563.5);
Student *pt=&stud1;
pt->display();
pt=&grad1;
pt->display();
return 0; }
6．分别定义Teacher（教师）类和Cadre（干部）类，采用多重继承方式有这两个类派生出新类Teacher_Cadre（教师兼干部）。要求：
(1)、在两个基类中的包含姓名、年龄、性别、地址、电话、等数据成员。
(2)、在Teacher类中包含数据成员title（职称），在Cadre类中还包含数据成员post（职务），在Teacher_Cadre类中还包含数据成员wages（工资）。
(3)、对两个基类中的姓名、年龄、性别、职称、地址、电话等数据成员用相同的名字，在引用数据成员时制定作用域。
(4)、在类中声明成员函数，在类外定义成员函数 。
(5)、在派生类Teacher_cadre的成员函数show中调用Teacher类中的display函数。输出姓名，年龄，性别，职称，地址，电话，然后再用cout语句输出职务与工资。
#include<string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Teacher
{public:
Teacher(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string ad,string t);
void display();
protected:
string name;
int age;
char sex;
string title;
string addr;
string tel;
};
Teacher::Teacher(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string ad,string t):
name(nam),age(a),sex(s),title(tit),addr(ad),tel(t){ }
void Teacher::display()
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"age"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl;
cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;
cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl; }
class Cadre
{public:
Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string p,string ad,string t);
void display();
protected:
string name;
int age;
char sex;
string post;
string addr;
string tel; };
Cadre::Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string p,string ad,string t):
name(nam),age(a),sex(s),post(p),addr(ad),tel(t){}
void Cadre::display()
{cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"post:"<<post<<endl;
cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;
cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl; }
class Teacher_Cadre:public Teacher,public Cadre
{public:
Teacher_Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string p,string ad,string t,float w);
void show( );
private:
float wage; };
Teacher_Cadre::Teacher_Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string t,string p,string ad,string tel,float w):
Teacher(nam,a,s,t,ad,tel),Cadre(nam,a,s,p,ad,tel),wage(w) {}
void Teacher_Cadre::show( )
{Teacher::display();
cout<<"post:"<<Cadre::post<<endl;
cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl; }
int main( )
{Teacher_Cadre te_ca("Wang-li",50,'f',"prof.","president","135 Beijing Road,Shanghai","(021)61234567",1534.5);
te_ca.show( );
return 0;}
7．写一个程序，定义抽象类型Shape，由他派生五个类：Circle（圆形），Square（正方形），Rectangle（矩形），Trapezoid（梯形），Triangle（三角形）。用虚函数分别计算几种图形的面积，并求它们的和。要求用基类指针数组，使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类的对象。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0; };
//定义Circle类
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius; };
//定义Rectangle类
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height; };
class Triangle:public Shape
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}
protected:
double width,height; };
void printArea(const Shape &s)
{cout<<s.area()<<endl;}
int main()
{ Circle circle(12.6);
cout<<"area of circle =";
printArea(circle);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
cout<<"area of rectangle =";
printArea(rectangle);
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);
cout<<"area of triangle =";
printArea(triangle);
return 0;}
8. 写一个程序，定义抽象类型Shape，由他派生五个类：Circle（圆形），Square（正方形），Rectangle（矩形），Trapezoid（梯形），Triangle（三角形）。用虚函数分别计算几种图形的面积，并求它们的和。要求用基类指针数组，使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类的对象。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius; };
class Square:public Shape
{public:
Square(double s):side(s){}
virtual double area() const {return side*side;}
protected:
double side;};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height; };
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{public:
Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(t),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;}
protected:
double top,bottom,height; };
class Triangle:public Shape
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}
protected:
double width,height; };
int main()
{Circle circle(12.6);
Square square(3.5);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);
Shape *pt[5]={&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};
double areas=0.0;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{areas=areas+pt[i]->area();}
cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl; //输出总面积
return 0;}
9．编程序实现以下功能：
(1)按职工号由小到大的顺序将5个员工的数据(包括号码,姓名,年龄,工资)输出到磁盘文件中保存
(2)从键盘输入两个员工的数据(职工号大于已有的职工号)，增加到文件的末尾。
(3)输入文件中全部职工的数据
(4)从键盘输入一个号码，从文件中查找有无此职工号，如有则显示此职工是第几个职工，以及此职工的全部数据。如没有，就输出“无此人”。可以反复多次查询，如果输入查找的职工号是0，就结束查询。
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
struct staff
{int num;
char name[20];
int age;
double pay;};
int main()
{staff staf[7]={2101,"Li",34,1203,2104,"Wang",23,674.5,2108,"Fun",54,778,
3006,"Xue",45,476.5,5101,"Ling",39,656.6},staf1;
fstream iofile("staff.dat",ios::in|ios::out|ios::binary);
if(!iofile)
{cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
abort(); }
int i,m,num;
cout<<"Five staff :"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl;
iofile.write((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));}
cout<<"please input data you want insert:"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{cin>>staf1.num>>staf1.name>>staf1.age>>staf1.pay;
iofile.seekp(0,ios::end);
iofile.write((char *)&staf1,sizeof(staf1));}
iofile.seekg(0,ios::beg);
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{iofile.read((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));
cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl; }
bool find;
cout<<"enter number you want search,enter 0 to stop.";
cin>>num;
while(num)
{find=false;
iofile.seekg(0,ios::beg);
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{iofile.read((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));
if(num==staf[i].num)
{m=iofile.tellg();
cout<<num<<" is No."<<m/sizeof(staf1)<<endl;
cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl;
find=true;
break; } }
if(!find)
cout<<"can't find "<<num<<endl;
cout<<"enter number you want search,enter 0 to stop.";
cin>>num; }
iofile.close();
return 0;}
10．给出三角形的三边 a,b,c求三角形的面积。只有a+b>c,B+c>a,a+c>b时才能构成三角形。设置异常处理，对不符合三角形条件的输出警告信息，不予计算。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
void input(double a,double b,double c)
{cout<<"please input a,b,c:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;}
void area(double a,double b,double c)
{double s,area;
if (a+b<=c)
cerr<<"a+b<=c,error!"<<endl;
else if(b+c<=a)
cerr<<"b+c<=a,error!"<<endl;
else if (c+a<=b)
cerr<<"c+a<=b,error!"<<endl;
else
{s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<"area="<<area<<endl;}}
int main()
{double a=2,b=3,c=5;
input(a,b,c);
area(a,b,c);
return 0;}
最后
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