概述
- /**
- * The number of times this list has been <i>structurally modified</i>.
- * Structural modifications are those that change the size of the
- * list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in
- * progress may yield incorrect results.
- *
- * <p>This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation
- * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods.
- * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list
- * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in
- * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous},
- * {@code set} or {@code add} operations. This provides
- * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in
- * the face of concurrent modification during iteration.
- *
- * <p><b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass
- * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it
- * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, E)} and
- * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides
- * that result in structural modifications to the list). A single call to
- * {@code add(int, E)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than
- * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw
- * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}. If an implementation
- * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be
- * ignored.
- */
- protected transient int modCount = 0;
在父类AbstractList中定义了一个int型的属性:modCount,记录了ArrayList结构性变化的次数。
protected transient int modCount = 0;
在ArrayList的所有涉及结构变化的方法中都增加modCount的值,包括:add()、remove()、addAll()、removeRange()及clear()方法。这些方法每调用一次,modCount的值就加1。
注:add()及addAll()方法的modCount的值是在其中调用的ensureCapacity()方法中增加的。
AbstractList中的iterator()方法(ArrayList直接继承了这个方法)使用了一个私有内部成员类Itr,生成一个Itr对象(Iterator接口)返回:
public Iterator iterator() { return new Itr(); }
Itr实现了Iterator()接口,其中也定义了一个int型的属性:expectedModCount,这个属性在Itr类初始化时被赋予ArrayList对象的modCount属性的值。
int expectedModCount = modCount;
注:内部成员类Itr也是ArrayList类的一个成员,它可以访问所有的AbstractList的属性和方法。理解了这一点,Itr类的实现就容易理解了。
在Itr.hasNext()方法中:
public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size(); }
调用了AbstractList的size()方法,比较当前光标位置是否越界。
在Itr.next()方法中,Itr也调用了定义在AbstractList中的get(int)方法,返回当前光标处的元素:
- public Object next()
- {
- try
- {
- Object next = get(cursor);
- checkForComodification();
- lastRet = cursor++;
- return next;
- }
- catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e)
- {
- checkForComodification();
- throw new NoSuchElementException();
- }
- }
注意,在next()方法中调用了checkForComodification()方法,进行对修改的同步检查:
- final void checkForComodification()
- {
- if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); }
现在对modCount和expectedModCount的作用应该非常清楚了。在对一个集合对象进行跌代操作的同时,并不限制对集合对象的元素进行操 作,这些操作包括一些可能引起跌代错误的add()或remove()等危险操作。在AbstractList中,使用了一个简单的机制来规避这些风险。 这就是modCount和expectedModCount的作用所在。
转自:http://liuzhaomin.iteye.com/blog/1038289
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