final 数据成员的用法

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我是靠谱客的博主超级萝莉，这篇文章主要介绍final 数据成员的用法，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

/*
* 2018年3月22日10:49:46
* 代码目的：
*      final 修饰符修饰数据成员的作用。
*      Java 惯例，即是static又是final的域要用全大写表示
*      final 基本对象时，相当于常量。
*      而final对象引用时，final使引用恒定不变。一旦引用初始化指向了一个对象
*      就无法使引用指向另一个对象。这一限制同样适用于数组。
*      虽然引用无法改变，但对象引用所指向的内容可以改变。注意这种
*      情况
*      注：代码中的VAL_3，因为是static，因此只加载一次，并且初试化一次。
*
*
* */

复制代码

//: reusing/FinalData.java
// The effect of final on fields.
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;

class Value {
  int i; // Package access
  public Value(int i) { this.i = i; }
}

public class FinalData {
  private static Random rand = new Random(47);
  private String id;
  public FinalData(String id) { this.id = id; }
  // Can be compile-time constants:
  private final int valueOne = 9;
  private static final int VALUE_TWO = 99;
  // Typical public constant:
  public static final int VALUE_THREE = 39;
  // Cannot be compile-time constants:
  private final int i4 = rand.nextInt(20);
  static final int INT_5 = rand.nextInt(20);
  private Value v1 = new Value(11);
  private final Value v2 = new Value(22);
  private static final Value VAL_3 = new Value(33);
  // Arrays:
  private final int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
  public String toString() {
    return id + ": " + "i4 = " + i4 + ", INT_5 = " + INT_5;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    FinalData fd1 = new FinalData("fd1");
    //! fd1.valueOne++; // Error: can't change value
    fd1.v2.i++; // Object isn't constant!
    fd1.v1 = new Value(9); // OK -- not final
    for(int i = 0; i < fd1.a.length; i++)
      fd1.a[i]++; // Object isn't constant!
    //! fd1.v2 = new Value(0); // Error: Can't
    //! fd1.VAL_3 = new Value(1); // change reference
    //! fd1.a = new int[3];
    print(fd1);
    print("Creating new FinalData");
    FinalData fd2 = new FinalData("fd2");
    print(fd1);
    print(fd2);
  }
} /* Output:
fd1: i4 = 15, INT_5 = 18
Creating new FinalData
fd1: i4 = 15, INT_5 = 18
fd2: i4 = 13, INT_5 = 18
*///:~

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//: reusing/FinalData.java
// The effect of final on fields.
import java.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;

class Value {
  int i; // Package access
  public Value(int i) { this.i = i; }
}

public class FinalData {
  private static Random rand = new Random(47);
  private String id;
  public FinalData(String id) { this.id = id; }
  // Can be compile-time constants:
  private final int valueOne = 9;
  private static final int VALUE_TWO = 99;
  // Typical public constant:
  public static final int VALUE_THREE = 39;
  // Cannot be compile-time constants:
  private final int i4 = rand.nextInt(20);
  static final int INT_5 = rand.nextInt(20);
  private Value v1 = new Value(11);
  private final Value v2 = new Value(22);
  private static final Value VAL_3 = new Value(33);
  // Arrays:
  private final int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
  public String toString() {
    return id + ": " + "i4 = " + i4 + ", INT_5 = " + INT_5;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    FinalData fd1 = new FinalData("fd1");
    //! fd1.valueOne++; // Error: can't change value
    fd1.v2.i++; // Object isn't constant!
    fd1.v1 = new Value(9); // OK -- not final
    for(int i = 0; i < fd1.a.length; i++)
      fd1.a[i]++; // Object isn't constant!
    //! fd1.v2 = new Value(0); // Error: Can't
    //! fd1.VAL_3 = new Value(1); // change reference
    //! fd1.a = new int[3];
    print(fd1);
    print("Creating new FinalData");
    FinalData fd2 = new FinalData("fd2");
    print(fd1);
    print(fd2);
  }
} /* Output:
fd1: i4 = 15, INT_5 = 18
Creating new FinalData
fd1: i4 = 15, INT_5 = 18
fd2: i4 = 13, INT_5 = 18
*///:~