概述
Given a string, sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of characters.
Example 1:
Input: "tree" Output: "eert" Explanation: 'e' appears twice while 'r' and 't' both appear once. So 'e' must appear before both 'r' and 't'. Therefore "eetr" is also a valid answer.
Example 2:
Input: "cccaaa" Output: "cccaaa" Explanation: Both 'c' and 'a' appear three times, so "aaaccc" is also a valid answer. Note that "cacaca" is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
Example 3:
Input: "Aabb" Output: "bbAa" Explanation: "bbaA" is also a valid answer, but "Aabb" is incorrect. Note that 'A' and 'a' are treated as two different characters.
这道题让我们给一个字符串按照字符出现的频率来排序,那么毫无疑问肯定要先统计出每个字符出现的个数,那么之后怎么做呢?我们可以利用优先队列的自动排序的特点,把个数和字符组成pair放到优先队列里排好序后,再取出来组成结果res即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: string frequencySort(string s) { string res = ""; priority_queue<pair<int, char>> q; unordered_map<char, int> m; for (char c : s) ++m[c]; for (auto a : m) q.push({a.second, a.first}); while (!q.empty()) { auto t = q.top(); q.pop(); res.append(t.first, t.second); } return res; } };
我们也可以使用STL自带的sort来做,关键就在于重写comparator,由于需要使用外部变量,记得中括号中放入&,然后我们将频率大的返回,注意一定还要处理频率相等的情况,要不然两个频率相等的字符可能穿插着出现在结果res中,这样是不对的。参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: string frequencySort(string s) { unordered_map<char, int> m; for (char c : s) ++m[c]; sort(s.begin(), s.end(), [&](char& a, char& b){ return m[a] > m[b] || (m[a] == m[b] && a < b); }); return s; } };
我们也可以不使用优先队列,而是建立一个字符串数组,因为某个字符的出现次数不可能超过s的长度,所以我们将每个字符根据其出现次数放入数组中的对应位置,那么最后我们只要从后往前遍历数组所有位置,将不为空的位置的字符串加入结果res中即可,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: string frequencySort(string s) { string res = ""; vector<string> v(s.size() + 1, ""); unordered_map<char, int> m; for (char c : s) ++m[c]; for (auto& a : m) { v[a.second].append(a.second, a.first); } for (int i = s.size(); i > 0; --i) { if (!v[i].empty()) { res.append(v[i]); } } return res; } };
本文转自博客园Grandyang的博客,原文链接:根据字符出现频率排序[LeetCode] Sort Characters By Frequency ,如需转载请自行联系原博主。
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