概述
Given a string, sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of characters.
Example 1:
Input:
“tree”Output:
“eert”Explanation:
‘e’ appears twice while ‘r’ and ‘t’ both appear once.
So ‘e’ must appear before both ‘r’ and ‘t’. Therefore “eetr” is also a valid answer.
Example 2:
Input:
“cccaaa”Output:
“cccaaa”Explanation:
Both ‘c’ and ‘a’ appear three times, so “aaaccc” is also a valid answer.
Note that “cacaca” is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
Example 3:
Input:
“Aabb”Output:
“bbAa”Explanation:
“bbaA” is also a valid answer, but “Aabb” is incorrect.
Note that ‘A’ and ‘a’ are treated as two different characters.
原文:https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-characters-by-frequency/description/
给定一个字符串,统计该字符串中各个字母出现的次数,然后按照字母出现次数从高到低的顺序,重新组合成一个字符串并返回。
可以利用桶排序的思路来做,首先使用map记录下来各个字符出现的次数,然后遍历这个map,将其中的字符进行还原为字符串,因为统计字符的时候在map中存放的格式为:char(字符):int(出现的次数),所以可以使用string(int,char)重新组合成字符串。然后将该字符串(此时的字符串均为一个字符组成)放入“桶”中,需要注意可能会出现字符次数一样,所以需要加到桶中的对应位置上,可以用数组实现桶,也可以使用map来实现,然后再次将桶中的元素取出拼接起来即可。这里使用的是map实现“桶”,在存放进去的时候map自动将其排序,所以从未到头遍历一遍即可。
class Solution {
public:
string frequencySort(string s) {
unordered_map<char,int> chCount;// 统计各个字母出现的次数
string ans;
for(char c : s) chCount[c]++;
map<int,string> bucket;// 使用map的原因是,map已经完成了排序
for(auto it : chCount) {
char ch = it.first;
int n = it.second;
bucket[n] += string(n,ch);// 添加到map中,如果该统计位置已经有元素了,则加到该位置上
}
// 从尾到头遍历,此时已经排序过了
for(auto rit = bucket.rbegin();rit != bucket.rend();rit++) {
ans += rit->second;
}
return ans;
}
};
最后
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