概述
一、安装Oracle前准备
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
[sonny@localhost~]$ su root #切换到root
Password:
[root@localhostsonny]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
[root@localhostsonny]# groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
[root@localhostsonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
[root@localhostsonny]# passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: # 密码
BAD PASSWORD: Thepassword is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: #确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
[root@localhostsonny]# id oracle#查看新建的oracle用户
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba)groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhostsonny]#
为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组?参考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
理论上单例按照需要3种用户组,实际只建两个oinstall和dba,后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。
a.oracle 清单组(一般为oinstall):
OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”,拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时,
OUI 会创建/etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称(默认为 oinstall)以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。
b.数据库管理员(OSDBA,一般为dba):
OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务,如创建数据库、启动和关
闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA
系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或SYSOPER 系统权限。
c.数据库操作员组(OSOPER,一般为 oper):
OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限,如管理和运行备份。
该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组,选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
[sonny@localhost~]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhostsonny]# cd /data
[root@localhostdata]# ls #创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)
database oracle oraInventory
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]#
3.修改OS系统标识
oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,Oracle Database11g Release 2的 OS要求参考: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106
另外,CentOS7.0.1511基于 RHEL7.2 参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm
修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release
[sonny@localhostdata]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhostdata]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64(builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.320140911 (Red Hat4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMPThu Nov1922:10:57 UTC2015
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@localhostdata]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7
[root@localhostdata]#
4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64如下:(参考:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG)
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils* gcc* ….(图方便,就全给它装了)
5.关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #查看防火墙状态,运行中
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-0718:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 0718:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 0718:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态,发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-0721:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 0718:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 0718:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 0721:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 0721:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙(重启也是禁止的)
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#
防火墙先禁用,搞好之后再配置,个人虚拟机,要毛线防火墙~~
6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@localhost /]#
为啥要关闭selinux?因为selinux太高深,非专业人士搞不懂~~
7.修改内核参数
红色部分为添加代码
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost /]#
使配置参数生效
[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 25032000100128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#
8.对oracle用户设置限制,提高软件运行性能(红色为添加部分)
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#fileincase the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config filein the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
# - "soft"for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard"for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# End of file
[root@localhost /]#
9.配置用户的环境变量(红色部分为添加代码)
[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致,如:ZHS16GBK,否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题
[root@localhost /]#
使上述配置立即生效:
[oracle@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]#
10.上述都搞定了,上传安装包,将oracle安装包上传到/usr/local/src
11.解压安装包
[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src #进入/usr/local/src目录
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/#解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/#解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#
二、oracle安装
1.图形界面登陆oracle用户:
2.启动oralce安装,到/data/database/database/目录下,执行runInstaller
3.后面步骤与window下相似
可能遇到的问题
1.swap空间不足解决:(要求2.67G实际2G)
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #查看当前虚拟内存
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1369 93 10 361 250
Swap: 2048 20 2028
[root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000#将当前swap空间由2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一个2014的swap文件
1024000+0 records in
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 95 10 454 342
Swap: 2048 141 1907
[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap #增加并启用虚拟内容
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #再次查看
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 94 10 454 342
Swap: 3048 141 2907
2.一个一个检查package,在准备阶段中漏掉的,此处再安装,有些系统报错是因为现有的包的版本比检测要高,最后忽略即可。(点击Check_Again多检查几次)
3.虚拟机Centos安装oracle 11gR2提示ins_ctx.mk错误
配置虚拟机开机自动连接CD/DVD
挂载安装光盘mount
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
进入光盘里的package目录
[root@gsds-oracle dbhome_1]# cd mnt
[root@gsds-oracle mnt]# cd Packages
强制安装gcc,glibc, libstd相关的所有文件
[root@gsds-oracle Packages]# rpm -ivh --nodeps compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libstd*
warning: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature,key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-gcc-34 ########################################### [ 13%]
2:compat-glibc-headers ########################################### [ 25%]
3:compat-glibc ########################################### [ 38%]
4:compat-gcc-34-g77 ########################################### [ 50%]
5:compat-libstdc++-33 ########################################### [ 63%]
6:compat-libstdc++-33 ########################################### [ 75%]
7:compat-libstdc++-296 ########################################### [ 88%]
8:compat-gcc-34-c++ ########################################### [100%]
[root@gsds-oracle Packages]#
点击retry,安装可以继续
4.安装过程中间有几次卡住,没有出现任何画面,屏幕中间有条小线,不知道是什么显示问题,有的是弹出窗口缩小了,可以将它拖大,有的我直接esc了,好像是些警告。
三、配置监听listener
1.执行netca报错
[Oracle@localhost ~]$ netca
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
#
# An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:
#
# SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007f69a69fcb9d, pid=8033, tid=140092892297024
#
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (1.5.0_17-b03 mixed mode)
# Problematic frame:
# C [libclntsh.so.11.1+0x62ab9d] snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as hs_err_pid8033.log
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp
#
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca: line 178: 8033 Aborted (core dumped) $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*
[oracle@localhost ~]$
错误原因:安装操作系统是默认主机名localhost造成错误
解决办法:
racle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network #增加HOSTNAME
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
HOSTNAME=tiger
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/hosts #增加HOSTNAME
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.15.130
tiger
最后注销当前oracle用户,重新登陆即可!!这次发现打开配置界面正常,和windows下面配置监听即可。
四、创建Oracle数据实例Orcl
到...../db_1/bin下执行dbca命令,启动oracle实例安装界面,剩下的与Windows上安装一样,不废话了:
注意:必须先创建监听,并且监听是启动中,否则报错。
最后
以上就是健康红酒为你收集整理的CentOS 7虚拟机安装Oracle11g详解3.虚拟机Centos安装oracle 11gR2提示ins_ctx.mk错误的全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决CentOS 7虚拟机安装Oracle11g详解3.虚拟机Centos安装oracle 11gR2提示ins_ctx.mk错误所遇到的程序开发问题。
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