概述
最近为了考研复试重新学习c++,开发工具用的是vs2015,在学习类模板时实验Array类模板时一直出现Assertion failed,如下为代码,报错为Assertion failed:i >= 0 && i < size,即下列程序63行,已作出标记,在一个求质数函数类模板中引用该类模板,数组size设置为30时没有报错,而设置为100会出现Assertion failed
#ifndef _ARRAY_H_
#define _ARRAY_H_
#include<cassert>
template<class T>
class Array {
private:
T* list;
int size;
public:
Array(int sz = 50);
Array(const Array<T>&a);
~Array();
Array<T>& operator=(const Array<T>& rhs);
T& operator[](int i);
const T& operator[](int i)const;
operator T* ();
operator const T*()const;
int getSize()const;
void resize(int sz);
};
template<class T>
Array<T>::Array(int sz = 50) {
assert(sz >= 0);
size = sz;
list = new T[size];
}
template<class T>
Array<T>::Array(const Array<T>&a) {
size = a.size;
list = new T[size];
for (int i = 0;i < size;i++)
list[i] = a.list[i];
}
template<class T>
Array<T>::~Array() {
delete[]list;
}
template<class T>
Array<T>& Array<T>::operator=(const Array<T>& rhs) {
if (&rhs != this) {
if (size != rhs.size) {
delete[]list;
size = rhs.size;
list = new T[size];
}
for (int i = 0;i < size;i++)
list[i] = rhs.list[i];
}
return *this;
}
template<class T>
T& Array<T>::operator[](int i) {
assert(i >= 0 && i < size); //此处assertion报错
return list[i];
}
template<class T>
const T& Array<T>::operator[](int i)const {
assert(i >= 0 && i < size)
return list[i];
}
//重载指针转换运算符,将Array类的对象名转换为T类型指针,指向当前对象中的私有数据
//因而可以像使用普通数组首地址一样使用Array类的对象名
template<class T>
Array<T>::operator T* () {
return list;
}
template<class T>
Array<T>::operator const T*()const {
return list;
}
template<class T>
int Array<T>::getSize()const {
return size;
}
template<class T>
void Array<T>::resize(int sz) {
assert(sz >= 0);
if (sz = size)
return;
T* newList = new T[sz];
int n = (sz < size) ? sz : size;
for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
newList[i] = list[i];
delete[]list;
list = newList;
size = sz;
}
#endif
此外,在一个个人银行账户管理程序中引用了该类模板,整个程序共有7个文件,date.h,date.cpp为日期类的头文件和实现,account.h和accout.cpp为帐户类的头文件和实现,accumulator.h为辅助account中计算利率的辅助类,主函数运行时依次进行 a s S3755217 0.015操作后,报错,Assertion failed,同样上面第58行,注释掉array.h中assert这一行后,上方操作之后不报错了,继续进行依次输入 a s 02342342 0.015出现CRT detected that the application wrote to memory after end of heap buffer,求大佬指点
date.h
#ifndef _DATE_H_
#define _DATE_H_
class Date {
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day);
int getYear()const { return year; }
int getMonth()const { return month; }
int getDay()const { return day; }
int getMaxDay()const; //获得当月多少天
bool isLeapYear()const { //判断是否闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show()const;
int operator-(const Date &date)const { //把原来的distance函数改为重载运算符,更加直观
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
private:
int year, month, day;
int totalDays;
};
#endif
date.cpp
#include"date.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace {
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "无效日期!";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay()const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show()const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
accumulator.h
#ifndef _ACCUMULATOR_H_
#define _ACCUMULATOR_H_
#include"date.h"
class Accumulator {
public:
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) {}
//获得日期date的累加结果
double getSum(const Date &date)const {
return sum + value*(date - lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void Change(const Date &date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
//初始化,将日期变为date,数值变为value,累加器清零
void Reset(const Date &date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
private:
Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的日期
double value; //当前值
double sum; //数值按日累加之和
};
#endif
account.h
#ifndef _ACCOUNT_H_
#define _ACCOUNT_H_
#include"date.h"
#include"accumulator.h"
#include<string>
//帐户基类
class Account {
protected:
//供派生类调用的构造函数,id为帐户
Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
//记录一笔账,date为日期,amount为金额,desc为说明
void Record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//报告错误信息
void Error(const std::string &msg)const;
public:
const std::string &getId()const { return id; }
double getBalance()const { return balance; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//Account中的纯虚函数
virtual void Deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
virtual void Withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
virtual void show()const;
private:
std::string id;//帐号
double balance;//余额
static double total;//所有账户总额
};
//储蓄账户
class SavingsAccount :public Account {
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
double getRate()const { return rate; }
//存入现金
void Deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//取出现金
void Withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
void settle(const Date &date);
private:
Accumulator acc;//辅助计算的累加器
double rate;//存款年利率
};
//信用账户
class CreditAccount :public Account {
public:
//构造函数
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit()const { return credit; }
double getRate()const { return rate; }
double getFee()const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit()const {
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
void Deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//取出现金
void Withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//结算利息和年费,每月1日调用一次
void settle(const Date &date);
void show()const;
private:
Accumulator acc;//辅助计算的累加器
double credit;//信用额度
double rate;//欠款的日利率
double fee;//信用卡年费
double getDebt()const {
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
};
#endif
account.cpp
#include"account.h"
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double Account::total = 0;
//Account类的实现
Account::Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id) :id(id), balance(0) {
date.show();
cout << "t#" << id << "已经创建。" << endl;
}
void Account::Record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) {
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "t#" << id << "t" << amount << "t" << balance << "t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::Error(const std::string &msg)const {
cout << "错误!(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
}
void Account::show()const {
cout << id << "t余额:" << balance;
}
//SavingsAccount类的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
void SavingsAccount::Deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) {
Record(date, amount, desc);
acc.Change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::Withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
Error("余额不足!");
}
else {
Record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.Change(date, getBalance());
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
if (date.getMonth() == 1) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date)*rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
Record(date, interest, "利息");
acc.Reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
//CreditAccount类的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
:Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
void CreditAccount::Deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) {
Record(date, amount, desc);
acc.Change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::Withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
Error("信用额不足!");
}
else {
Record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.Change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date)*rate;
if (interest != 0)
Record(date, interest, "利息");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
Record(date, -fee, "年费");
acc.Reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show()const {
Account::show();
cout << "t#可用信用额度:" << getAvailableCredit();
}
主函数
#include"account.h"
#include"Array.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1);
Array<Account *>accounts(0);//创建帐户数组,0个元素
cout << "操作指令:(a)增加一个账户 (d)存款 (w)取款 (s)显示帐户信息 (c)改变日期 (n)改变月份(变为下一个月) (e)退出" << endl;
char cmd;
do {
date.show();
cout << "t总金额为:" << Account::getTotal() << "t输入指令>";
char type;
int index, day;
double amount, credit, rate, fee;
string id, desc;
Account* account;
cin >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
case'a':
cout << "您选择了增加一个帐户,请输入帐户类型:(s)储蓄账户 (c)信用账户>";
cin >> type;
cout << endl;
cout << "请输入帐户的ID>";
cin >> id;
cout << endl;
if (type == 's') {
cout << "您选择了储蓄账户,请输入该账户的年利率>";
cin >> rate;
cout << endl;
account = new SavingsAccount(date, id, rate);
}
else {
cout << "您选择了信用账户,请依次输入该账户的信用额度、日利率、年费>";
cin >> credit >> rate >> fee;
cout << endl;
account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
}
accounts.resize(accounts.getSize() + 1);
accounts[accounts.getSize() - 1] = account;
break;
case'd':
cout << "您选择了存款,请依次输入存款账户的下标和存款金额>";
cin >> index >> amount;
cout << endl;
cout << "请输入存款说明>";
getline(cin, desc);
cout << endl;
accounts[index]->Deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case'w':
cout << "您选择了取款,请依次输入取款账户的下标和取款金额>";
cin >> index >> amount;
cout << endl;
cout << "请输入取款说明>";
getline(cin, desc);
cout << endl;
accounts[index]->Withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case's':
cout << "您选择了显示所有账户:" << endl;
for (int i = 0;i < accounts.getSize();i++) {
cout << "[" << i << "]";
accounts[i]->show();
cout << endl;
}
break;
case'c':
cout << "您选择了改变日期,请输入日期>";
cin >> day;
cout << endl;
if (day < date.getDay())
cout << "不可更改为以往日期!";
else if (day>date.getMaxDay())
cout << "无效的日期!";
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case'n':
cout << "您选择了下一个月." << endl;
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0;i < accounts.getSize();i++)
accounts[i]->settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
for (int i = 0;i < accounts.getSize();i++)
delete accounts[i];
return 0;
}
最后
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