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以下是在PT5.3中的实验内容（5.3版本软件中的服务器多了ftp服务，增加升级设备系统的选择）
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网络拓扑图：
配置过程：
（1）TFTP方式备份与还原
首先，将路由器上bin文件备份到tftp服务器上。
R2#dir
Directory of flash:/
3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)
R2#copy flash: tftp:
Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin
Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
33591768 bytes copied in 24.922 secs (1347000 bytes/sec) 33M数据大概在25秒完成。
查看TFTP服务器，发现c1841-new.bin 已经存在了。
其次，查看一下路由器Flash中有什么，还剩下多大空间，如果空间不够，应该删除点文件。
R2#dir
Directory of flash:/
3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)
请注意，只剩下30M，如果直接再传过来一个33M的系统文件，肯定是存储不够啊。是这样吗？我们可以尝试一下好吧。
R2#copy tftp: flash:
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]? //在此直接回车表示使用默认的c1841-new.bin 名称
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin...
Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 33591768 bytes] // 这里貌似显示传送很正常
33591768 bytes copied in 19.218 secs (183525 bytes/sec)
%Error copying tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Not enough space on device) //这里显示错误了吧，没有那么大的空间肯定是不行的。
那怎么办呢？只好先删除点路由器flash中的东西了，比如这里把原bin文件删掉。
R2#delete flash:
Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm] //回车确认
R2#dir
Directory of flash:/
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
64016384 bytes total (63760565 bytes free) //这次发现空间大了很多吧
在这里请注意：如果直接reload重启一下，你会发现路由器不可能进去系统了。这台路由器暂时就要歇着了。 切忌：删除bin文件后，不能reload
R2#reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
System Bootstrap, Version 12.3(8r)T8, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Cisco 1841 (revision 5.0) with 114688K/16384K bytes of memory.
Boot process failed...
The system is unable to boot automatically. The BOOT
environment variable needs to be set to a bootable
p_w_picpath.
rommon 1 > // 进不去系统了。
第三，从tftp服务器还原升级路由器系统文件
R2#copy tftp: flash:
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]? // 回车确认文件名称
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin...
Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
33591768 bytes copied in 25.671 secs (137392 bytes/sec)
在完成系统升级后，重启路由器，bin文件才会生效。
R2#reload
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router> // 重启后发现名称变成默认，说明系统升级成功了。
注意一点：在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。
（2）FTP方式备份与还原
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我利用ftp方式实验，备份、还原同样大小系统bin文件，需要15分钟。
那tftp和ftp到底有何区别呢？在此解释一下：
简单文件传输协议tftp是一种用来传输文件的简单协议，运行在 UDP （用户数据报协议）上。 TFTP 的被设计为小而简单容易的运行，因此，它缺乏标准 FTP 协议的许多特征。 TFTP 只能从远程服务器上读、写文件（邮件）或者读、写文件传送给远程服务器。它不能列出目录并且当前不提供用户认证。
tftp和ftp区别：
基于的传输协议不一样：FTP是基于TCP ，TFTP是基于UDP
端口号不一样：FTP是用21.20 ，TFTP是69
速度和安全方面：FTP在速度方面没有TFTP快，但是FTP安全性好。
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原理请去看 网络配置教程（0.2）——锐捷、华为（H3C）网络设备系统升级教程2 内容，这里会直接实例验证。
网络拓扑图：
配置过程：
首先，指定与ftp服务器的用户名、密码关联。
R1(config)#ip ftp username cisco
R1(config)#ip ftp password cisco
R1(config)#end
R1# write memory
其次，备份系统文件
R1#copy flash: ftp:
Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin
Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin...
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
33591768 bytes copied in 930.381 secs (36000 bytes/sec) // 33M文件花费15多分钟完成。
最后，还原升级系统文件
R1#dir
Directory of flash:/
3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)
R1#delete flash:
Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm] //回车确认
R1#copy ftp: flash:
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]?
Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin
...
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
33591768 bytes copied in 1016.79 secs (3468 bytes/sec) //33M，这次花费17分钟左右。
在完成系统升级后，重启路由器，bin文件才会生效。
R1#reload
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router> // 重启后发现名称变成默认，说明系统升级成功了。
注意一点：在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。
转帖注明出处http://hi.baidu.com/5ijsj/blog/item/4fd7a9cb69257210be09e6f5.html
实验到此也就结束了，最后大家注意：
在实验过程中如果出现以下2种报错情况，请自行检查出错原因并予以解决吧……
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin........
%Error opening tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Timed out)
Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin...
%Error ftp:///c1841-new.bin (No such file or directory Or Permission denied)
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