Mysql之rand()随机取数

需求：

随机读取表的一条记录

数据准备：

1.表结构

mysql> desc tb_random;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(200) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

数据量：百万

实现：

1.基于rand()

SELECT * FROM tb_random   ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 1; 

2.基于随机id取值，借助rand()和FLOOR()

SELECT * FROM tb_random WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM tb_random ) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;  

性能可以通过explain来看执行计划：

explain SELECT * FROM tb_random   ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 1 G;  

结果：

*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: tb_random
         type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
          key: NULL
      key_len: NULL
          ref: NULL
         rows: 15995114
        Extra: Using temporary; Using filesort
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

结论：没有采用索引

第二种方案：

explain SELECT * FROM tb_random WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM tb_random ) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1 G;  

结果：

*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: PRIMARY
        table: tb_random
         type: index
possible_keys: NULL
          key: PRIMARY
      key_len: 4
          ref: NULL
         rows: 1
        Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
           id: 2
  select_type: UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY
        table: tb_random
         type: index
possible_keys: NULL
          key: PRIMARY
      key_len: 4
          ref: NULL
         rows: 15995114
        Extra: Using index
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

结论：using index

PS：