SpringCloud Hystrix：服务容错保护

  1简介

      在微服务架构中，服务与服务之间通过远程调用的方式进行通信，一旦某个被调用的服务发生了故障，其依赖服务也会发生故障，此时就会发生故障的蔓延，最终导致系统瘫痪。Hystrix实现了断路器模式，当某个服务发生故障时，通过断路器的监控，给调用方返回一个错误响应，而不是长时间的等待，这样就不会使得调用方由于长时间得不到响应而占用线程，从而防止故障的蔓延。Hystrix具备服务降级、服务熔断、线程隔离、请求缓存、请求合并及服务监控等强大功能。

2快速搭建

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-hystrix</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springcloud-hystrix</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

yml配置

server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-service
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8081/eureka/
service-url:
serviceA: http://serviceA

service 相关类

package com.example.springcloudhystrix.service;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//ms
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);//ms
return factory;
}
}

package com.example.springcloudhystrix.service;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class MyInfoService {
@Autowired
public RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Value("${service-url.serviceA}")
private String ServiceUrl;
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getDefaultInfo")
public String getInfo() {
System.out.println("getInfo="+ServiceUrl);
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/a" , String.class);
String reslut = forEntity.getBody();
return reslut;
}
public String getDefaultInfo( ) {
String reslut= "-------------调用失败---------------";
return reslut;
}
}

conroller访问类

package com.example.springcloudhystrix.controller;
import com.example.springcloudhystrix.service.MyInfoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Hystrixconroller {
@Autowired
MyInfoService myInfoService;
@GetMapping("hystrixcTest")
public String test(){
System.out.println("-----------Hystrixconroller-------------");
String reslut=myInfoService.getInfo();
return reslut;
}
}

最后

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