概述
SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot的一整套实现微服务的框架。他提供了微服务开发所需的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话和集群状态管理等组件。最重要的是,跟spring boot框架一起使用的话,会让你开发微服务架构的云服务非常好的方便。SpringCloud也是基于RPC远程调用协议,所以也是需要一个注册中心,注册中心可以使用Eureka,zk(Zookeeper)等。
SpringCloud特点:
1、SpringCloud 是基于SpringBoot的,所以拥有SpringBoot的所以特点
2.约定优于配置
3、开箱即用、快速启用
4、适用于各种环境
5、轻量级的组件
6、组件否支持很丰富,功能很齐全
7、选型中立
下面就对SpringCloud的使用以及结合Ribbon的使用(注册中心使用Eureka)
一、注册中心Eureka的使用(这边加入了Eureka的认证)
a、pom.xml依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhuojing</groupId>
<artifactId>springCloud-eureka-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
b、application.yml
security:
user:
password: zj123
name: user
basic:
enabled: true
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false ##当前Eureke只做服务,不作为客户端,因为在高可用的环境下Eureka是服务也是客户端,用于Eureka的同步
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false ##当前Eureke只做服务,不作为客户端,因为在高可用的环境下Eureka是服务也是客户端,用于Eureka的同步
c、启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
注:启动后访问http://localhost:8761 ,用户名密码:user,zj123(根据security的配置)
二、服务发布者
1.pom.xml依赖(这边添加了Mybaits的依赖)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis-spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8098
spring:
application:
name: provider-user
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud
username: root
password: zj123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.zhuojing.bean
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
3、Controller接口
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@GetMapping("/simple/{id}")
public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
return userDao.getById(id);
}
}
注:这边dao使用Mybaits实现的就详细说明,这边接口就是根据请求参数请求一张表记录
4、启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ApplocationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ApplocationTest.class, args);
}
}
三、服务消费者使用(这边使用Ribbon进行调用)
1、pom.xml的依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: customer-user
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
provider-user:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
3、调用:使用Ribbon调用
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8")
public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
//服务提供者地址 microservice-provider-user
return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-USER/simple/"+id, User.class);
}
}
4、启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest.class, args);
}
}
使用Ribbon即时使用注解@LoadBalanced 使用即可
同时这边使用基于配置文件的方式配置了Ribbon的调用服务的负载策略:
provider-user:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
这边使用的是随机的方式,Ribbon还提供了多做负载均衡策略如轮询,选择最小并发等,同时还可以自定义负载均衡策略,这边就不详细介绍,刚兴趣的可以自行查阅下资料
四、消费者的使用(使用Feign)
Feign是一个客户端负载均衡的组件,默认负载均衡策略是轮询
1、pom.xml 依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: customer-user
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
3、编写feign接口,使用@FeignClient注解
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import com.config.Configuration1;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
import feign.Param;
import feign.RequestLine;
@FeignClient(name="provider-user",configuration=Configuration1.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
// 两个坑:1. @GetMapping不支持 2. @PathVariable得设置value
}
4、Controller调用类
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
import com.zhuojing.feign.UserFeignClient;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;
@GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8")
public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
return userFeignClient.getUserById(id);
}
}
4、启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ApplicationCustomerFeignTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ApplicationCustomerFeignTest.class, args);
}
}
注:Feign使用是第一次可能会出现请求超时的问题,针对这个问题,有以下几种角色方案
# 解决第一次请求报超时异常的方案:
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
# 或者:
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false
# 或者:
feign.hystrix.enabled: false ## 索性禁用feign的hystrix支持
五、其他说明
服务消费者获取List结果(坑,先转化为数组)
@GetMapping("/getAllUser")
public List<User> getAllUser(){
User[] users = this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider-user/getAllUser", User[].class);
List<User> list = Arrays.asList(users);
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user.getId());
}
return list;
}
最后
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