我是靠谱客的博主 落寞鸵鸟,这篇文章主要介绍SpringCloud总结--SpringCloud简单使用以及Ribbon和Feign的使用,现在分享给大家,希望可以做个参考。

SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot的一整套实现微服务的框架。他提供了微服务开发所需的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话和集群状态管理等组件。最重要的是,跟spring boot框架一起使用的话,会让你开发微服务架构的云服务非常好的方便。SpringCloud也是基于RPC远程调用协议,所以也是需要一个注册中心,注册中心可以使用Eureka,zk(Zookeeper)等。

SpringCloud特点:

   1、SpringCloud 是基于SpringBoot的,所以拥有SpringBoot的所以特点
   2.约定优于配置
   3、开箱即用、快速启用
   4、适用于各种环境
   5、轻量级的组件
   6、组件否支持很丰富,功能很齐全
   7、选型中立

下面就对SpringCloud的使用以及结合Ribbon的使用(注册中心使用Eureka)

 

一、注册中心Eureka的使用(这边加入了Eureka的认证)

   a、pom.xml依赖

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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zhuojing</groupId> <artifactId>springCloud-eureka-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

    b、application.yml

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security: user: password: zj123 name: user basic: enabled: true server: port: 8761 eureka: client: register-with-eureka: false fetch-registry: false defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka

      eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false    ##当前Eureke只做服务,不作为客户端,因为在高可用的环境下Eureka是服务也是客户端,用于Eureka的同步
      eureka.client.fetch-registry=false          ##当前Eureke只做服务,不作为客户端,因为在高可用的环境下Eureka是服务也是客户端,用于Eureka的同步

c、启动类

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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class EurekaApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args); } }

注:启动后访问http://localhost:8761 ,用户名密码:user,zj123(根据security的配置)

二、服务发布者

1.pom.xml依赖(这边添加了Mybaits的依赖)

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<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version> <mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mybatis-spring-boot.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency>

2、application.yml

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server: port: 8098 spring: application: name: provider-user datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud username: root password: zj123456 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver mybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.zhuojing.bean eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka instance: prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}

3、Controller接口

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@RestController public class UserController { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @GetMapping("/simple/{id}") public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id){ return userDao.getById(id); } }

注:这边dao使用Mybaits实现的就详细说明,这边接口就是根据请求参数请求一张表记录

4、启动类

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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class ApplocationTest { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ApplocationTest.class, args); } }

三、服务消费者使用(这边使用Ribbon进行调用)

1、pom.xml的依赖

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<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version> <mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>

2、application.yml

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server: port: 8089 spring: application: name: customer-user eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka instance: prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}} provider-user: ribbon: NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

3、调用:使用Ribbon调用

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import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import com.zhuojing.bean.User; @RestController public class UserController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8") public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){ //服务提供者地址 microservice-provider-user return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-USER/simple/"+id, User.class); } }

4、启动类

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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest { @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest.class, args); } }

使用Ribbon即时使用注解@LoadBalanced  使用即可

同时这边使用基于配置文件的方式配置了Ribbon的调用服务的负载策略:

provider-user: 
  ribbon: 
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

这边使用的是随机的方式,Ribbon还提供了多做负载均衡策略如轮询,选择最小并发等,同时还可以自定义负载均衡策略,这边就不详细介绍,刚兴趣的可以自行查阅下资料

四、消费者的使用(使用Feign)

Feign是一个客户端负载均衡的组件,默认负载均衡策略是轮询

1、pom.xml 依赖

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<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version> <mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>

2、application.yml

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server: port: 8089 spring: application: name: customer-user eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://user:zj123@localhost:8761/eureka instance: prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}

3、编写feign接口,使用@FeignClient注解

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import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient; import com.config.Configuration1; import com.zhuojing.bean.User; import feign.Param; import feign.RequestLine; @FeignClient(name="provider-user",configuration=Configuration1.class) public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); // 两个坑:1. @GetMapping不支持 2. @PathVariable得设置value }

4、Controller调用类

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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.zhuojing.bean.User; import com.zhuojing.feign.UserFeignClient; @RestController public class UserController { @Autowired private UserFeignClient userFeignClient; @GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8") public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){ return userFeignClient.getUserById(id); } }

4、启动类

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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class ApplicationCustomerFeignTest { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ApplicationCustomerFeignTest.class, args); } }

注:Feign使用是第一次可能会出现请求超时的问题,针对这个问题,有以下几种角色方案

 # 解决第一次请求报超时异常的方案:
  hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000 
# 或者:
  hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false

# 或者:  
  feign.hystrix.enabled: false ## 索性禁用feign的hystrix支持

五、其他说明

服务消费者获取List结果(坑,先转化为数组)
        @GetMapping("/getAllUser")
    public List<User> getAllUser(){
        User[] users = this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider-user/getAllUser", User[].class);
        List<User> list = Arrays.asList(users);
        for (User user : list) {
            System.out.println(user.getId());
        }
        return list;
    }

最后

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